Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
(No.17) | |
（第17号） |
The Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China, as adopted at the Seventh Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 20,1984, is hereby issued, and shall be effective as of January 1, 1985. | |
《中华人民共和国森林法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议于1984年9月20日通过，现予公布，自1985年1月1日起施行。 |
President of the People's Republic of China Li Xiannian | |
中华人民共和国主席 李先念 |
September 20,1984 | |
1984年9月20日 |
Forestry Law of the People's Republic of China | |
中华人民共和国森林法 |
(Adopted at the Seventh Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 20,1984, and issued by the Order No. 16 of the President of the People's Republic of China on September 20,1984) | |
（一九八四年九月二十日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过 一九八四年九月二十日中华人民共和国主席令第十七号公布） |
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| Chapter I General Rules | | 第一章 总 则 |
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| Article 1. This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting, cultivating and rationally utilizing forest resources, speeding up afforestation of our land, giving full play to the forests' role of conserving water and soil, moderating the climate, improving the environment and providing forest products, so as to meet the needs of socialist construction and the people's life. | | 第一条 为了保护、培育和合理利用森林资源，加快国土绿化，发挥森林蓄水保土、调节气候、 改善环境和提供林产品的作用， 适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要，特制定本法。 |
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| Article 2. This Law must be observed in all activities relating to afforestation and tree felling, as well as forest utilization, cultivation, management and administration within the territory of the People's Republic of China. | | 第二条 在中华人民共和国领域内从事森林的采伐利用、培育种植、经营管理活动，都必须遵守本法。 |
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| Article 3. Forest resources, with the exception of those owned by collectives as provided for by law, shall be owned by the whole people. | | 第三条 森林资源属于全民所有、由法律规定属于集体所有的除外。 |
The forests, trees and forest land owned by the whole people and by collectives, as well as the trees owned and forest land used by individuals, shall be registered by the local people's governments at the county level and above, which shall, upon verification, issue certificates to confirm such ownership or right of use. | |
全民所有的和集体所有的森林、林木和林地，个人所有的林木和使用的林地、由县级以上地方人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认所有权或者使用权。 |
The lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of forests, trees and forest land shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed upon by any unit or individual. | |
森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者的合法权益，受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。 |
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| Article 4. Forests are classified into the following five categories: | | 第四条 森林分为以下五类： |
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| (1) Protective forests: forests, trees and shrubberies that mainly serve the purpose of protection. They consist of forests for water supply conservation, checking soil erosion, for windbreak and sand-fixation, farmland and pasture protection, embankment protection and road protection. | | （一） 防护林：以防护为主要目的的森林、林木和灌木丛。包括水源涵养林，水土保持林，防风固沙林，农田、牧场防护林，护岸林，护路林。 |
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| (2) Timber forests: forests and trees that are used mainly for producing timber, including bamboo forests that are used mainly for producing bamboo timber. | | （二） 用材林：以生产木材为主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林。 |
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| (3) Economic forests: forest trees that are used mainly for producing fruit, edible oil, beverage ingredients, condiments, industrial raw material and medicinal materials. | | （三） 经济林：以生产果品，食用油料、饮料、调料，工业原料和药材等为主要目的的林木。 |
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| (4) Firewood forests: forest trees that are used mainly for producing fuel wood. | | （四） 薪炭林：以生产燃料为主要目的的林木。 |
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| (5) Forests for special uses: forests and forest trees that are used mainly for national defence, environmental protection and scientific experiment purposes. These include forests for national defence, experimental forests, seed forests, environmental protection forests, aesthetic forests, forest trees at scenic spots, historical sites and places with historic significance in the Chinese revolution and forests in nature reserves. | | （五） 特种用途林：以国防、环境保护、科学实验等为主要目的的森林和林木。包括国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木，自然保护区的森林。 |
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| Article 5. The guiding policy for forestry development shall be: put the emphasis on forest management, universalize forest protection, vigorously promote afforestation, coordinate cutting with cultivation and ensure the sustained utilization of forest resources. | | 第五条 林业建设实行以营林为基础， 普遍护林， 大力造林，采育结合，永续利用的方针。 |
The state shall encourage research in forest science so as to raise the level of forest science and technology. | |
国家鼓励林业科学研究，提高林业科学技术水平。 |
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| Article 6. The state shall adopt the following measures to protect forest resources: | | 第六条 国家对森林资源实行以下保护性措施： |
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| (1) Quotas shall be imposed on tree felling, and efforts to plant trees and close hillsides to facilitate afforestation shall be encouraged, in order to enlarge the forest-covered area. | | （一） 对森林实行限额采伐，鼓励植树造林、封山育林，扩大森林覆盖面积。 |
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| (2) Financial assistance or long-term loans shall be provided for collectives and individuals engaged in tree planting and forest cultivation in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state and local people's governments. | | （二） 根据国家和地方人民政府有关规定，对集体和个人造林、育林给予经济扶持或者长期贷款。 |
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| (3) Forest culture fees shall be collected for the exclusive use of tree planting and forest cultivation. | | （三） 征收育林费，专门用于造林育林。 |
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| (4) Departments of coal and paper manufacturing industries shall set aside a certain amount of funds commensurate to the output of coal, wood pulp and paper for the exclusive use of cultivating timber forests that will be used for mine timber and paper-making. | | （四） 煤炭、造纸等部门，按照煤炭和木浆纸张等产品的产量提取一定数额的资金，专门用于营造坑木、造纸等用材林。 |
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| (5) A forestry funding system shall be established. | | （五） 建立林业基金制度。 |
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| Article 7. With regard to the forestry production and development in autonomous areas of minority nationalities, the state and people's governments of the provinces and autonomous regions shall, in accordance with the power of autonomy the state has provided for national autonomous areas, grant these areas greater decision-making power and more economic benefits than other areas in forestry development, timber distribution and use of the forest fund. | | 第七条 国家和省、自治区人民政府，对民族自治地方的林业生产建设，依照国家对民族自治地方自治权的规定，在森林开发、木材分配和林业基金使用方面，给予比一般地区更多的自主权和经济利益。 |
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| Article 8. The forestry department under the State Council shall be responsible for forestry work throughout the country. The forestry departments of the people's governments at the county level and above shall be responsible for forestry work in their respective areas. Full-time or part-time posts shall be set up in people's governments at the township level to take charge of forestry work. | | 第八条 国务院林业主管部门主管全国林业工作。县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门，主管本地区的林业工作。乡级人民政府设专职或者兼职人员负责林业工作。 |
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| Article 9. Planting trees and protecting forests are the bounden duty of every citizen. People's governments at all levels shall launch afforestation activities and organize tree planting on a voluntary and nationwide basis. | | 第九条 植树造林、 保护森林， 是公民应尽的义务。各级人民政府应当组织全民义务植树，开展植树造林活动。 |
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| Article 10. The people's governments at various levels shall give commendation or material awards to units and individuals with outstanding achievements in tree planting, afforestation and forest protection and administration. | | 第十条 在植树造林、保护森林以及森林管理等方面成绩显著的单位或者个人，由各级人民政府给予精神的或者物质的奖励。 |
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| CHAPTER II FOREST MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION | | 第二章 森林经营管理 |
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| Article 11. Forestry departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, administer and supervise the protection, utilization and regeneration of forest resources. | | 第十一条 各级林业主管部门依照本法规定，对森林资源的保护、利用、更新，实行管理和监督。 |
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| Article 12. Competent forestry departments at all levels shall be responsible for organizing surveys and keeping files of records on forest resources so as to have a good grasp of the changes in forest resources. | | 第十二条 各级林业主管部门负责组织森林资源清查，建立资源档案制度，掌握资源变化情况。 |
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| Article 13. The people's governments at all levels shall each work out a long-term forestry development plan. State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions as well as nature reserves shall, in accordance with the long-term forestry development plan, formulate their own forest management plans and submit them to the competent departments at the next higher level for approval before putting them into effect. | | 第十三条 各级人民政府应当制定林业长远规划。国营林业企业事业单位和自然保护区，应当根据林业长远规划，编制森林经营方案，报上级主管部门批准后实行。 |
The competent forestry departments shall direct the rural collective economic organizations, state-owned agricultural and pastoral farms, industrial enterprises and mines in drawing up their forest management plans. | |
林业主管部门应当指导农村集体经济组织和国营的农场、牧场、工矿企业等单位编制森林经营方案。 |
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| Article 14. Disputes over ownership and right of use of trees and forest land arising between units owned by the whole people, between units owned by collectives or between units owned by the whole people and units owned by collectives shall be handled by people's governments at the county level or above. | | 第十四条 全民所有制单位之间、集体所有制单位之间以及全民所有制单位与集体所有制单位之间发生的林木、林地所有权和使用权争议，由县级以上人民政府处理。 |
Disputes over ownership and right of use of trees and forest land arising between individuals and between individuals and units owned by the whole people or collectives shall be handled by local people's governments at the county or township level. | |
个人之间、个人与全民所有制单位或者集体所有制单位之间发生的林木、林地所有权和使用权争议，由当地县级或者乡级人民政府处理。 |
A party to a dispute who refuses to accept the decision of the people's government may bring a suit in a people's court within one month after receiving notification of the decision. | |
当事人对人民政府的处理决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉。 |
Pending a settlement of the dispute over the ownership or right of use of trees and forest land, neither of the parties may cut down the trees under dispute. | |
在林木、林地权属争议解决以前，任何一方不得砍伐有争议的林木。 |
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| Article 15. No forest land or only a small amount of forest land should be used in carrying out prospecting and designing, building engineering facilities or mining. When it is necessary to use or requisition forest land, the matter shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant legal provisions. If 2,000 mu or more of forest land need to be used or requisitioned, an application shall be submitted to the State Council for approval. | | 第十五条 进行勘察设计、修筑工程设施、开采矿藏，应当不占或者少占林地；必须占用或者征用林地的，按照有关法律规定办理。占用、征用林地面积二千亩以上的，报国务院批准。 |
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| CHAPTER III FOREST PROTECTION | | 第三章 森林保护 |
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| Article 16. Local people's governments at various levels shall enjoin the relevant departments to set up agencies to be responsible for forest protection. They shall, in the light of the actual needs, increase facilities in large forest areas to strengthen forest protection, urge grass-roots units which own forests or which are located in forest areas to formulate forest protection pledges, mobilize the masses to protect the forests, delimit areas of responsibility for forest protection and appoint full-time or part-time forest guards. | | 第十六条 地方各级人民政府应当组织有关部门建立护林组织、负责护林工作；根据实际需要在大面积林区增加护林设施，加强森林保护；督促有林的和林区的基层单位，订立护林公约，组织群众护林，划定护林责任区，配备专职或者兼职护林员。 |
Forest guards may be appointed by people's governments at the county or township level. The main duties of forest guards shall be: patrol the forests and prevent acts of destroying forest resources. Forest guards shall have the right to request local departments concerned to deal with those who have caused damages to forest resources. | |
护林员可以由县级或者乡级人民政府委任。护林员的主要职责是：巡护森林，制止破坏森林资源的行为。对造成森林资源破坏的，护林员有权要求当地有关部门处理。 |
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| Article 17. Local people's governments at various levels shall adopt practical measures to prevent and fight forest fires: | | 第十七条 地方各级人民政府应当切实做好森林火灾的预防和扑救工作： |
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| (1) fix fire prevention periods. During such periods, it shall be forbidden to use fire in the open in a forest area. Where the use of fire is necessary under special circumstances, prior approval must be secured from a people's government at the county level or its authorized agency; | | （一） 规定森林防火期。在森林防火期内，禁止在林区野外用火；因特殊情况需要用火的，必须经过县级人民政府或者县级人民政府授权的机关批准。 |
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| (2) install fire prevention facilities in the forest areas; | | （二） 在林区设置防火设施。 |
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| (3) immediately mobilize the local military and civilians as well as departments concerned to fight forest fire the moment it breaks out; and | | （三） 发生森林火灾，必须立即组织当地军民和有关部门扑救。 |
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| (4) in case people are wounded, disabled or killed in fighting forest fires, those who are state employees shall be given medical treatment and pensions by their own units, which shall also grant pensions to families of the deceased. If the persons wounded, disabled or killed are not state employees, the medical treatment and pensions shall be provided by the units where the fire occurred, in accordance with the provisions laid down by the relevant competent departments under the State Council; if the units where the fire occurred are not responsible for causing the fire or are really incapable of bearing such expenses, the medical treatment and pensions shall be provided by the local people's government. | | （四） 因扑救森林火灾负伤、致残、牺牲的，国家职工由所在单位给予医疗、抚恤；非国家职工由起火单位按照国务院有关主管部门的规定给予医疗、抚恤，起火单位对起火没有责任或者确实无力负担的，由当地人民政府给予医疗、抚恤。 |
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| Article 18. The competent forestry departments at various levels shall be responsible for organizing prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in the forests. | | 第十八条 各级林业主管部门负责组织森林病虫害防治工作。 |
The competent forestry departments shall be responsible for determining the categories of forest tree seeds and seedlings that should be quarantined, setting up quarantine zones and protection zones and instituting quarantine on tree seeds and seedlings. | |
林业主管部门负责规定林木种苗的检疫对象，划定疫区和保护区，对林木种苗进行检疫。 |
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| Article 19. It shall be forbidden to cut down trees for the purpose of opening up farmland, quarrying and digging sand or earth as well as other activities of deforestation. | | 第十九条 禁止毁林开垦和毁林采石、采砂、采土以及其他毁林行为。 |
It shall be forbidden to cut firewood and graze in young growth areas and in forests for special uses. | |
禁止在幼林地和特种用途林内砍柴、放牧。 |
People entering a forest or its fringe areas shall be forbidden to move or damage any markers set up in the service of forestry. | |
进入森林和森林边缘地区的人员，不得擅自移动或者损坏为林业服务的标志。 |
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| Article 20. The competent forestry department under the State Council as well as people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, for the purpose of better protection and administration, set up nature reserves in forest areas calling for special protection, such as areas with typical forest ecology in different natural regions, forest areas where rare plants and animals propagate, and natural tropical rain forests. | | 第二十条 国务院林业主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，应当在不同自然地带的典型森林生态地区、珍贵动物和植物生长繁殖的林区、天然热带雨林等具有特殊保护价值的林区，划定自然保护区，加强保护管理。 |
The administrative measures for nature reserves shall be formulated by the competent forestry department under the State Council and shall be implemented after being submitted to and approved by the State Council. | |
自然保护区的管理办法，由国务院林业主管部门制定，报国务院批准施行。 |
Rare trees growing outside the nature reserves as well as plant species of special value in the forest areas shall be well protected; they shall not be cut or collected unless approved by the competent forestry department of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government. | |
对自然保护区以外的珍贵树木和林区内具有特殊价值的植物资源，应当认真保护；未经省、自治区、直辖市林业主管部门批准，不得采伐和采集。 |
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| Article 21. It shall be forbidden to hunt wild animals that have been put under state protection in the forest areas. Where hunting of such animals is desired for special needs, the matter shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state. | | 第二十一条 林区内列为国家保护的野生动物，禁止猎捕；因特殊需要猎捕的，按照国家有关法规办理。 |
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| CHAPTER IV TREE PLANTING AND AFFORESTATION | | 第四章 植树造林 |
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| Article 22. The people's governments at various levels shall work out afforestation plans and, in the light of the specific local conditions, set forth targets for increasing the forest coverage of their respective areas. | | 第二十二条 各级人民政府应当制定植树造林规划，因地制宜地确定本地区提高森林覆盖率的奋斗目标。 |
People's governments at various levels shall organize people of all walks of life and urban and rural inhabitants to accomplish the tasks provided for in the afforestation plans. | |
各级人民政府应当组织各行各业和城乡居民完成植树造林规划确定的任务。 |
Afforestation on barren hills and wastelands owned by the whole people that are suitable for afforestation shall be organized by the competent forestry departments and other competent departments; afforestation on collectively owned barren hills and wastelands shall be organized by collective economic organizations. | |
宜林荒山荒地，属于全民所有的，由林业主管部门和其他主管部门组织造林；属于集体所有的，由集体经济组织组织造林。 |
Afforestation of areas on both sides of railways, highways and rivers and around lakes and reservoirs shall be organized by the competent departments concerned in the light of the actual local conditions; afforestation in industrial and mining areas, on grounds occupied by government departments and schools, in army barracks as well as in areas managed by agricultural, pastoral and fish farms shall be carried out by those units respectively. | |
铁路公路两旁、江河两侧、湖泊水库周围，由各有关主管单位因地制宜地组织造林；工矿区，机关、学校用地，部队营区以及农场、牧场、渔场经营地区，由各该单位负责造林。 |
The barren hills and wastelands owned by the whole people and by collectives that are suitable for afforestation may be contracted by collectives or individuals for afforestation. | |
全民所有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地可以由集体或者个人承包造林。 |
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| Article 23. The forest trees planted by units owned by the whole people shall be managed by such units, and they shall distribute the proceeds from those trees as the state provided for. | | 第二十三条 全民所有制单位营造的林木，由营造单位经营并按照国家规定支配林木收益。 |
Forest trees planted and managed by units under collective ownership shall be owned by them. | |
集体所有制单位营造的林木，归该单位所有。 |
Trees planted by rural inhabitants around their houses and on privately farmed plots of cropland and hilly land shall be individually owned by themselves. Trees planted by urban inhabitants and staff and workers in the courtyard of their privately-owned houses shall be individually owned by themselves. | |
农村居民在房前屋后、自留地、自留山种植的林木，归个人所有。城镇居民和职工在自有房屋的庭院内种植的林木，归个人所有。 |
In cases where a collective or an individual contracts to afforest barren hills and wastelands owned by the whole people or by collectives that are suitable for afforestation, the forest trees planted pursuant to the contract shall be owned by the contracting collective or individual; if there are other provisions in the contract, such provisions of the contract shall be followed. | |
集体或者个人承包全民所有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地造林的，承包后种植的林木归承包的集体或者个人所有；承包合同另有规定的，按照承包合同的规定执行。 |
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| Article 24. Local people's governments shall be responsible for closing the newly-cultivated young growth land and hillsides that must be closed to facilitate afforestation. | | 第二十四条 新造幼林地和其他必须封山育林的地方，由当地人民政府组织封山育林。 |
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| CHAPTER V FOREST TREE CUTTING | | 第五章 森林采伐 |
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| Article 25. The state shall, acting on the principle that the consumption of a timber forest should be lower than its growth, impose strict control on the annual forest cut. Annual quotas for cutting down forests and forest trees owned by the whole people shall be worked out taking a state enterprise, institution, farm, factory or mine as a unit, and annual quotas for cutting down forests and forest trees owned by the collective shall be worked out taking the county as a unit. These quotas shall then be aggregated by the competent forestry departments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government and examined by the people's governments at the corresponding level, before they are submitted to the State Council for approval. | | 第二十五条 国家根据用材林的消耗量低于生长量的原则，严格控制森林年采伐量。全民所有的森林和林木以国营林业企业事业单位、农场、厂矿为单位，集体所有的森林和林木以县为单位，制定年采伐限额，由省、自治区、直辖市林业主管部门汇总，经同级人民政府审核后，报国务院批准。 |
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| Article 26. The state shall draw up a unified annual timber production plan, which shall not exceed the approved annual cutting quota. The scope of planning management shall be stipulated by the State Council. | | 第二十六条 国家制定统一的年度木材生产计划。年度木材生产计划不得超过批准的年采伐限额。计划管理的范围由国务院规定。 |
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| Article 27. The following provisions must be observed in cutting down a forest and forest trees: | | 第二十七条 采伐森林和林木必须遵守下列规定： |
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| (1) Selection cutting, clear cutting and gradual cutting may be carried out for mature timber forests in the light of their different conditions. Clear cutting shall be strictly controlled and regenerative reforestation must be completed during the same year or the following year after such cutting has been carried out. | | （一） 成熟的用材林应当根据不同情况，分别采取择伐、皆伐和渐伐方式。皆伐应当严格控制，并在采伐的当年或者次年内完成更新造林。 |
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| (2) Only cultivation cutting and regeneration cutting may be allowed in protective forests and in such forests for special uses as forests for national defence, seed forests, environmental protection forests and scenic forests. | | （二） 防护林和特种用途林中的国防林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，只准进行抚育和更新性质的采伐。 |
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| (3) It shall be strictly forbidden to cut down forest trees in such forests for special uses as forest trees at scenic and historical spots and places with historic significance in the Chinese revolution as well as the forest trees in nature reserves. | | （三） 特种用途林中的名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木、自然保护区的森林，严禁采伐。 |
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| Article 28. Anyone who wants to cut down forest trees must apply for a cutting licence and carry out cutting operations according to the provisions of the cutting licence, but exceptions shall be made for rural inhabitants who want to cut down scattered trees belonging to themselves and growing on their private plots and around their houses. | | 第二十八条 采伐林木必须申请采伐许可证，按许可证的规定进行采伐；农村居民采伐自留地和房前屋后个人所有的零星林木除外。 |
Cutting licences required for state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions, government agencies, people's organizations, army units, schools as well as other state-owned enterprises and institutions to cut down forest trees shall be issued, after examination, by the competent forestry departments at or above the county level in the areas where they are located. | |
国营林业企业事业单位、机关、团体、部队、学校和其他国营企业事业单位采伐林木，由所在地县级以上林业主管部门审核发放采伐许可证。 |
Cutting licences required for regeneration cutting of protective belts along railways and highways as well as forest trees in cities and towns shall be issued, after examination, by the competent departments concerned. | |
铁路、公路的护路林和城镇林木的更新采伐，由有关主管部门审核发放采伐许可证。 |
Cutting licences required for cutting down forest trees by rural collective economic organizations shall be issued, after examination, by the competent forestry departments at the county level. | |
农村集体经济组织采伐林木，由县级林业主管部门审核发放采伐许可证。 |
Cutting licences required for rural inhabitants to cut down forest trees on hills allocated for their private use and forest trees of the collective that individuals have contracted for cultivation shall be issued, after examination, by the competent forestry department at the county level or the people's government at the township or town level authorized by it. | |
农村居民采伐自留山和个人承包集体的林木，由县级林业主管部门或者其委托的乡、镇人民政府审核发放采伐许可证。 |
Provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall apply to cutting bamboo in bamboo forests cultivated mainly for producing bamboo timber. | |
采伐以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林，适用以上各款规定。 |
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| Article 29. The departments in charge of examining tree cutting applications and issuing cutting licences shall not issue cutting licences in excess of the approved annual cutting quotas. | | 第二十九条 审核发放采伐许可证的部门 ， 不得超过批准的年采伐限额发放采伐许可证。 |
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| Article 30. When applying for cutting licences, state-owned forestry enterprises and institutions must submit documents of survey and design of the cutting area. When applying for cutting licences, other units must submit documents stating the purpose, location, area, types and existing state of the forest, the growing stock involved, the method of cutting, as well as regeneration measures. | | 第三十条 国营林业企业事业单位申请采伐许可证时，必须提出伐区调查设计文件。其他单位申请采伐许可证时，必须提出有关采伐的目的、地点、林种、林况、面积、蓄积、方式和更新措施等内容的文件。 |
In case a unit carries out timber felling operations in a cutting area in violation of the pertinent rules, the cutting licence issuing departments shall have the right to revoke its licence and order it to suspend its cutting operations until such violations are rectified. | |
对伐区作业不符合规定的单位，发放采伐许可证的部门有权收缴采伐许可证，中止其采伐，直到纠正为止。 |
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| Article 31. Units or individuals engaged in timber felling must complete regenerative reforestation within the specified time limit and according to the requirements in terms of area, number of trees and types of trees as provided for in the cutting licence. The area of reforestation and the number of trees to be planted must be larger than the cutting area and the number of trees already cut. | | 第三十一条 采伐林木的单位或者个人， 必须按照采伐许可证规定的面积、 株数、树种、期限完成更新造林任务，更新造林的面积和株数必须大于采伐的面积和株数。 |
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| Article 32. Measures for the management, supervision and administration of timber in forest areas shall be separately formulated by the State Council. | | 第三十二条 林区木材的经营和监督管理办法，由国务院另行规定。 |
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| Article 33. A transport licence issued by the competent forestry department shall be required for transporting timber out of a forest area, except for timber under unified distribution by the state. | | 第三十三条 从林区运出木材，必须持有林业主管部门发给的运输证件，国家统一调拨的木材除外。 |
With the approval of people's governments at the level of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, timber check-posts may be set up in forest areas to supervise timber transportation. The timber check-posts shall have the right to stop anyone who transports timber without a transport licence or allocation notice issued by the competent department in charge of goods and material. | |
经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，可以在林区设立木材检查站，负责检查木材运输。对未取得运输证件或者物资主管部门发给的调拨通知书运输木材的，木材检查站有权制止。 |
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| CHAPTER VI LEGAL LIABILITY | | 第六章 法律责任 |
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| Article 34. Whoever illegally cuts down trees, bamboo, etc., if the circumstances are minor, shall be ordered by the competent forestry department to compensate for the losses incurred and to plant trees several dozen times the number cut down and pay a fine equal to three to ten times the unlawful income. Whoever denudes forests or other woodlands, if the circumstances are minor, shall be ordered by the competent forestry department to plant trees five times the number of trees denuded and pay a fine equal to two to five times the unlawful income. | | 第三十四条 盗伐森林或者其他林木，情节轻微的，由林业主管部门责令赔偿损失，补种盗伐株数十倍的树木，并处以违法所得三至十倍的罚款。滥伐森林或者其他林木，情节轻微的， 由林业主管部门责令补种滥伐株数五倍的树木， 并处以违法所得二至五倍的罚款。 |
Whoever illegally cuts down or denudes forest and other woodlands, if the circumstances are serious, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 128 of the Criminal Law. | |
盗伐、滥伐森林或者其他林木，情节严重的，依照《刑法》第一百二十八条的规定追究刑事责任。 |
Whoever illegally cuts down and appropriates a huge amount of forest trees shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 152 of the Criminal Law. | |
盗伐林木据为已有，数额巨大的，依照 《刑法》 第一百五十二条的规定追究刑事责任。 |
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| Article 35. In cases where forest tree cutting licences are issued in excess of the approved annual cutting quotas or by overstepping of authority, in violation of this Law, the personnel directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions; if the cases are serious where serious damages are caused to the forest, the personnel directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 187 of the Criminal Law. | | 第三十五条 违反本法规定，超过批准的年采伐限额发放林木采伐许可证或者超越职权发放林木采伐许可证的，对直接责任人员给予行政处分；情节严重，致使森林遭受严重破坏的，对直接责任人员依照《刑法》第一百八十七条的规定追究刑事责任。 |
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| Article 36. Whoever counterfeits or resells forest tree cutting licences shall have his unlawful income confiscated and fined by the competent forestry department; if the circumstances are serious, criminal responsibility shall be investigated by analogy to Article 120 of the Criminal Law. | | 第三十六条 伪造或者倒卖林木采伐许可证的， 由林业主管部门没收违法所得，处以罚款；情节严重的，比照《刑法》第一百二十条的规定追究刑事责任。 |
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| Article 37. Whoever reclaims land, quarries stones, digs sand or earth, gathers seeds or resin, cuts firewood or engages in other activities in violation of this Law and thereby causes damages to forests and forest trees shall be ordered by the competent forestry department to compensate for the losses incurred and to plant one to three trees for each one damaged. | | 第三十七条 违反本法规定，进行开垦、采石、采砂、采土、采种、采脂、砍柴和其他活动，致使森林、林木受到毁坏的，由林业主管部门责令赔偿损失，补种毁坏株数一至三倍的树木。 |
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| Article 38. The departments issuing cutting licences shall have the right to stop issuing licences to lumbering units or individuals that fail to accomplish their regeneration tasks as required; licences may be reissued to them only after they have completed the regeneration tasks. If the circumstances are serious, they may be fined by the competent forestry department, and those directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions by the units to which they belong or by the competent department at the next higher level. | | 第三十八条 采伐林木的单位或者个人没有按照规定完成更新造林任务的，发放采伐许可证的部门有权不再发给采伐许可证，直到完成更新造林任务为止；情节严重的，可以由林业主管部门处以罚款，对直接责任人员由所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分。 |
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| Article 39. If a party refuses to accept the decision of the competent forestry department to impose a fine, it may file a suit with a people's court within one month after receiving notification of the decision. If, upon the expiration of this period, the party has neither filed a suit nor paid the fine, the competent forestry department may request the people's court for compulsory execution. | | 第三十九条 当事人对林业主管部门的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到罚款通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉；期满不起诉又不履行的，林业主管部门可以申请人民法院强制执行。 |
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| CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS | | 第七章 附 则 |
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| Article 40. The competent forestry department under the State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council. | | 第四十条 国务院林业主管部门根据本法制定实施办法，报国务院批准施行。 |
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| Article 41. In national autonomous areas to which the provisions of this Law cannot be applied in total, the organs of self-government there may, in the light of the principle of this Law and the characteristics of those autonomous areas, formulate adoptive or supplementary provisions, which shall be submitted according to the legally prescribed procedure to the standing committee of the provincial or autonomous region people's congress or to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval before they are implemented. | | 第四十一条 民族自治地方不能全部适用本法规定的，自治机关可以根据本法的原则，结合民族自治地方的特点，制定变通或者补充规定，依照法定程序报省、自治区或者全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准施行。 |
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| Article 42. This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1985. | | 第四十二条 本法自一九八五年一月一日起施行。 |
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