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| Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm Resources | | 国务院办公厅关于加强农业种质资源保护与利用的意见 |
| (No. 56 [2019] of the General Office of the State Council) | | （国办发〔2019〕56号） |
| The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; and all ministries and commissions of the State Council and all institutions directly under the State Council: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构： |
| Agricultural germplasm resources are strategic resources protecting national food security and the supply of major farm goods, and constitute a substantial foundation for the original innovation of agricultural technologies and the development of the modern seed industry. In recent years, China has made impressive achievements in the conservation and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, but several problems still exist such as growing risks of resource loss, uncertainty of entities responsible for conservation, inadequate development and utilization of resources. For the purpose of strengthening the conservation and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources, with the consent of the State Council, the Opinions are hereby offered as follows: | | 农业种质资源是保障国家粮食安全与重要农产品供给的战略性资源，是农业科技原始创新与现代种业发展的物质基础。近年来，我国农业种质资源保护与利用工作取得积极成效，但仍存在丧失风险加大、保护责任主体不清、开发利用不足等问题。为加强农业种质资源保护与利用工作，经国务院同意，现提出如下意见。 |
| I. General requirements: With Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, efforts shall be made to comprehensively fulfill the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress and the Second, Third, Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, implement the new development concept, and further clarify the fundamental role of agricultural germplasm resources conservation in advancing development and serving the public welfare. There shall also be efforts to innovate systems and institutions, strengthen the implementation of responsibilities, technological support and legal guarantee, and establish a new pattern of multi-level collection and conservation, diversified development and utilization, and multi-channel policy support by following the principle of “conservation first, efficient utilization, government guidance and multi-party participation”, so as to lay a solid foundation for building China into a powerful country in the modern seed industry, protecting national food security, and adopting a strategy of rural revitalization. By 2035, further efforts shall be made to ensure that a complete, science-based and efficient system for the conservation and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources will be established; China will be among the leading countries in the total number of resources stored; rare, endangered and endemic resources will be effectively collected and protected; the assessment, evaluation, development and utilization of resources will be significantly improved; and the innovation and utilization of resources will be advanced to an international level. | | 一、总体要求。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，落实新发展理念，以农业供给侧结构性改革为主线，进一步明确农业种质资源保护的基础性、公益性定位，坚持保护优先、高效利用、政府主导、多元参与的原则，创新体制机制，强化责任落实、科技支撑和法治保障，构建多层次收集保护、多元化开发利用和多渠道政策支持的新格局，为建设现代种业强国、保障国家粮食安全、实施乡村振兴战略奠定坚实基础。力争到2035年，建成系统完整、科学高效的农业种质资源保护与利用体系，资源保存总量位居世界前列，珍稀、濒危、特有资源得到有效收集和保护，资源深度鉴定评价和综合开发利用水平显著提升，资源创新利用达到国际先进水平。 |
II. Supporting systemic collection and conservation to ensure the protection of all agricultural germplasm resources: General survey, systemic inspection and urgent collection shall be conducted on agricultural germplasm resources (mainly including germplasm resources of crops, livestock and poultry, aquatic products, and agricultural micro-organisms), a thorough investigation shall be made into China's agricultural germplasm resources as soon as possible, the third-round general survey and collection of the entire country's agricultural germplasm resources shall be launched, and efforts shall be strengthened to collect rare, endangered and endemic resources, as well as native species, so as to ensure no loss of these resources. International cooperation regarding agricultural germplasm resources shall be enhanced, and collaboration with countries and regions with a rich set of agricultural germplasm resources shall be advanced to build a convenient customs clearance system for agricultural germplasm resources and improve efficiency in customs clearance. The catalogue of agricultural germplasm resources for conservation by classification and grading shall be improved; medium- and long-term safe storage of resources shall be carried out; long-term pools, back-up pools, and medium-term pools of resources shall be distributed in an all-round way; protection farms, conservation areas and germplasm nurseries shall be categorized; and comprehensive and specialized gene banks shall be categorized by region, so as to support in situ in vivo conservation and ex situ centralized conservation of agricultural germplasm resources. The monitoring of viability and genetic integrity of germplasm resources shall be strengthened, timely propagation and regeneration of germplasm resources shall be ensured, and the application of new technologies shall be reinforced. A number of agricultural germplasm resource banks (including farms, areas and nurseries) shall be newly established, renovated or expanded. The construction of new long-term banks for the state's crop germplasm and marine organism germplasm resource banks shall be expedited, and the establishment of the state's livestock and poultry gene banks shall be initiated.
．．．．．． | | 二、开展系统收集保护，实现应保尽保。开展农业种质资源（主要包括作物、畜禽、水产、农业微生物种质资源）全面普查、系统调查与抢救性收集，加快查清农业种质资源家底，全面完成第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动，加大珍稀、濒危、特有资源与特色地方品种收集力度，确保资源不丧失。加强农业种质资源国际交流，推动与农业种质资源富集的国家和地区合作，建立农业种质资源便利通关机制，提高通关效率。对引进的农业种质资源定期开展检疫性病虫害分类分级风险评估，加强种质资源安全管理。完善农业种质资源分类分级保护名录，开展农业种质资源中长期安全保存，统筹布局种质资源长期库、复份库、中期库，分类布局保种场、保护区、种质圃，分区布局综合性、专业性基因库，实行农业种质资源活体原位保护与异地集中保存。加强种质资源活力与遗传完整性监测，及时繁殖与更新复壮，强化新技术应用。新建、改扩建一批农业种质资源库（场、区、圃），加快国家作物种质长期库新库、国家海洋渔业生物种质资源库建设，启动国家畜禽基因库建设。
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