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Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China [Revised]
中华人民共和国立法法 [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

 

Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China 

中华人民共和国立法法


(Adopted at the third Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 2000 and promulgated by Order No. 31 of the President of the People's Republic of China on March 15, 2000)
 
(2000年3月15日第九届全国人民代表大会第三次会议通过2000年3月15日中华人民共和国主席令第31号公布自2000年7月1日施行)


 
Contents 目录

 
Chapter I General Provisions  第一章 总则

 
Chapter II Laws  第二章 法律

 
Section 1 Limits of Legislative Power  第一节 立法权限

 
Section 2 Legislation Procedures for the National People's Congress  第二节 全国人民代表大会立法程序

 
Section 3 Legislation Procedures for the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress  第三节 全国人民代表大会常务委员会立法程序

 
Section 4 legal Interpretation  第四节 法律解释

 
Section 5 Other Provisions  第五节 其他规定

 
Chapter III Administrative Regulations  第三章 行政法规

 
Chapter IV Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations, Separate Regulations and Rules  第四章 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章

 
Section 1 Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations and Separate Regulations  第一节 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例

 
Section 2 Rules  第二节 规章

 
Chapter V Application and Record  第五章 适用与备案

 
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions  第六章 附则

 

Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总则


 
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to standardizing legislation, establishing a sound legislative system of the State, establishing and improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, safeguarding and developing socialist democracy, promoting the government of the country according to law and building a socialist country under the rule of law.   第一条 为了规范立法活动,健全国家立法制度,建立和完善有中国特色社会主义法律体系,保障和发展社会主义民主,推进依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,根据宪法,制定本法。

 
Article 2 This Law shall be applicable to the enactment, revision and nullification of laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations.   第二条 法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例的制定、修改和废止,适用本法。

The rules of the departments under the State Council and of the local governments shall be formulated, revised and nullified in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.
 
国务院部门规章和地方政府规章的制定、修改和废止,依照本法的有关规定执行。

 
Article 3 Laws shall be made in compliance with the basic principles laid down in the Constitution, principles of taking economic development as the central task, adhering to the socialist road and the people's democratic dictatorship, upholding leadership by the Communist Party of China, upholding Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zetong Thought and Deng Xiaoping theory and persevering in reform and in opening to the outside world.   第三条 立法应当遵循宪法的基本原则,以经济建设为中心,坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想邓小平理论,坚持改革开放。

 
Article 4 Laws shall be made in accordance with the statutory limits of power and procedures, on the basis of the overall interests of the State and for the purpose of safeguarding the uniformity and dignity of the socialist legal system.   第四条 立法应当依照法定的权限和程序,从国家整体利益出发,维护社会主义法制的统一和尊严。

 
Article 5 Laws shall be made in order to embody the will of the people, enhance socialist democracy and guarantee that the people participate in legislative activities through various channels.   第五条 立法应当体现人民的意志,发扬社会主义民主,保障人民通过多种途径参与立法活动。

 
Article 6 Law shall be made by proceeding from reality and scientifically and rationally prescribing the rights and duties of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and the powers and responsibilities of State organs.   第六条 立法应当从实际出发,科学合理地规定公民、法人和其他组织的权利与义务、国家机关的权力与责任。

 

Chapter II Laws 第二章 法律


 

Section 1 Limits of Legislative Power 第一节 立法权限


 
Article 7 The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the State.   第七条 全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。

The National People's Congress enacts and amends basic laws governing criminal offences, civil affairs, the State organs and other matters.
 
全国人民代表大会制定和修改刑事、民事、国家机构的和其他的基本法律。

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacts and amends laws other than the ones to be enacted by the National People's Congress, and when the National People's Congress is not in session, partially supplements and amends laws enacted by the National People's Congress, but not in contradiction to the basic principles of such laws.
 
全国人民代表大会常务委员会制定和修改除应当由全国人民代表大会制定的法律以外的其他法律;在全国人民代表大会闭会期间,对全国人民代表大会制定的法律进行部分补充和修改,但是不得同该法律的基本原则相抵触。

 
Article 8 The following affairs shall only be governed by law:   第八条 下列事项只能制定法律:

 
(1) affairs concerning State sovereignty; (一)国家主权的事项;

 
(2) formation, organization, and the functions and powers of the people's congresses, the people's governments, the people's courts and the people's procuratorates at all levels; (二)各级人民代表大会、人民政府、人民法院和人民检察院的产生、组织和职权;

 
(3) the system of regional national autonomy, the system of special administrative region, the system of self-government among people at the grassroots level; (三)民族区域自治制度、特别行政区制度、基层群众自治制度;

 
(4) criminal offences and their punishment; (四)犯罪和刑罚;

 
(5) mandatory measures and penalties involving deprivation of citizens of their political rights or restriction of the freedom of their person; (五)对公民政治权利的剥夺、限制人身自由的强制措施和处罚;

 
(6) requisition of non-State-owned property; (六)对非国有财产的征收;

 
(7) basic civil system; (七)民事基本制度;

 
(8) basic economic system and basic systems of finance, taxation, customs, banking and foreign trade; (八)基本经济制度以及财政、税收、海关、金融和外贸的基本制度;

 
(9) systems of litigation and arbitration; and (九)诉讼和仲裁制度;

 
(10) other affairs on which laws must be made by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee. (十)必须由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律的其他事项。

 
Article 9 If laws have not been enacted on the affairs specified in Article 8 of this Law, the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee has the power to make a decision to authorize the State Council to formulate, according to actual needs, administrative regulations first on part of those affairs, except for the affairs concerning criminal offences and their punishment, mandatory measures and penalties involving deprivation of citizens of their political rights or restriction of the freedom of their person, and the judicial system.   第九条 本法第八条规定的事项尚未制定法律的,全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会有权作出决定,授权国务院可以根据实际需要,对其中的部分事项先制定行政法规,但是有关犯罪和刑罚、对公民政治权利的剥夺和限制人身自由的强制措施和处罚、司法制度等事项除外。

 
Article 10 In a decision on authorization, the purpose and scope of the authorization shall be clearly defined.   第十条 授权决定应当明确授权的目的、范围。

The authorization organ shall exercise the power strictly in compliance with the authorized purpose and scope.
 
被授权机关应当严格按照授权目的和范围行使该项权力。

The authorized organ may not impart the authorized power to any other organs.
 
被授权机关不得将该项权力转授给其他机关。

 
Article 11 After the administrative regulations on an affair formulated under authorization have been tested in practice and when the conditions are ripe for making a law on the affair, the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee shall make a law on it in a timely manner. As soon as the law is made, the authorization with regard to that matter shall be terminated accordingly.   第十一条 授权立法事项,经过实践检验,制定法律的条件成熟时,由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会及时制定法律。法律制定后,相应立法事项的授权终止。

 

Section 2 Legislation Procedures for the National People's Congress 第二节 全国人民代表大会立法程序


 
Article 12 The Presidium of the National People's Congress may submit to the National People's Congress legislative bills, which shall be deliberated by the session of the National People's Congress.   第十二条 全国人民代表大会主席团可以向全国人民代表大会提出法律案,由全国人民代表大会会议审议。

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the special committees of the National People's Congress may submit to the National People's Congress legislative bills, which shall be put on the agenda of a session by decision of the Presidium.
 
全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、全国人民代表大会各专门委员会,可以向全国人民代表大会提出法律案,由主席团决定列入会议议程。

 
Article 13 A delegation or a group of thirty or more deputies may submit a legislative bill to the National People's Congress. The Presidium shall decide whether or not to put it on the agenda of the session, or shall refer do so after referring the bill to a relevant special committee for deliberation and for making a proposal as to whether to put it on the agenda.   第十三条 一个代表团或者三十名以上的代表联名,可以向全国人民代表大会提出法律案,由主席团决定是否列入会议议程,或者先交有关的专门委员会审议、提出是否列入会议议程的意见,再决定是否列入会议议程。

When the special committee holds a meeting to deliberate the bill, it may invite the sponsoring person to attend the meeting and express opinions.
 
专门委员会审议的时候,可以邀请提案人列席会议,发表意见。

 
Article 14 A legislative bill to be submitted to the National People's Congress may be submitted first to the Standing Committee when the National People's Congress is not in session, and after the Standing Committee has deliberated on it at its meetings in accordance with the procedures stipulated in Section 3 of Chapter II of this Law and decides to submit it to the National People's Congress for deliberation, the Standing Committee or the sponsor shall make explanations to a plenary meeting of the session.   第十四条 向全国人民代表大会提出的法律案,在全国人民代表大会闭会期间,可以先向常务委员会提出,经常务委员会会议依照本法第二章第三节规定的有关程序审议后,决定提请全国人民代表大会审议,由常务委员会向大会全体会议作说明,或者由提案人向大会全体会议作说明。

 
Article 15 When the Standing Committee decides to submit a legislative bill to a session of the National People's Congress for deliberation, it shall distribute the draft bill to the deputies one month before the session is convoked.   第十五条 常务委员会决定提请全国人民代表大会会议审议的法律案,应当在会议举行的一个月前将法律草案发给代表。

 
Article 16 The legislative bill that has been placed on the agenda of a session of the National People's Congress shall be deliberated on by all the delegations after the explanation made by the sponsor has been heard at a plenary meeting of the session.   第十六条 列入全国人民代表大会会议议程的法律案,大会全体会议听取提案人的说明后,由各代表团进行审议。

When the delegations are deliberating on a legislative bill, the sponsor shall send people to listen to their opinions and answer inquiries.
 
各代表团审议法律案时,提案人应当派人听取意见,回答询问。

When the delegations are deliberating on a legislative bill, the relevant organ or organization shall, at the request of the delegations, send people to give briefings therefor.
 
各代表团审议法律案时,根据代表团的要求,有关机关、组织应当派人介绍情况。

 
Article 17 The legislative bill that has been placed on the agenda of a session of the National People's Congress shall be deliberated by the relevant special committee which shall submit its deliberated opinions to the Presidium, and the opinions shall also be printed and distributed at the session.   第十七条 列入全国人民代表大会会议议程的法律案,由有关的专门委员会进行审议,向主席团提出审议意见,并印发会议。

 
Article 18 The legislative bill that has been placed on the agenda of a session of the National People's Congress shall be subject to a unified deliberation by its Law Committee on the basis of the deliberated opinions of the various delegations and the relevant special committee. The Law Committee shall submit to the Presidium a report on the result of its deliberation and a revised draft law; major dissenting views shall be stated in the report. After examination and approval by the Presidium, the report and the draft law shall be printed and distributed at the session.   第十八条 列入全国人民代表大会会议议程的法律案,由法律委员会根据各代表团和有关的专门委员会的审议意见,对法律案进行统一审议,向主席团提出审议结果报告和法律草案修改稿,对重要的不同意见应当在审议结果报告中予以说明,经主席团会议审议通过后,印发会议。

 
Article 19 With regard to a legislative bill that has been placed on the agenda of a session of the National People's Congress, the executive chairmen of the Presidium may, when necessary, convene a meeting of the heads of the various delegations to hear and discuss the deliberated opinions of the delegations on major questions in the legislative bill, and report the result of the discussion and the opinions expressed to the Presidium.   第十九条 列入全国人民代表大会会议议程的法律案,必要时,主席团常务主席可以召开各代表团团长会议,就法律案中的重大问题听取各代表团的审议意见,进行讨论,并将讨论的情况和意见向主席团报告。

The executive chairmen of the Presidium may also convene a meeting of the interested deputies recommended by the delegations to discuss the major, special questions in the legislative bill, and report the result of the discussion and the opinions expressed to the Presidium.
 
主席团常务主席也可以就法律案中的重大的专门性问题,召集代表团推选的有关代表进行讨论,并将讨论的情况和意见向主席团报告。

 
Article 20 With regard to a legislative bill that has been placed on the agenda of a session of the National People's Congress, if the sponsor requests its withdrawal before it is put to vote, he shall state the reasons, and deliberation of the bill at the session shall terminate as soon as the Presidium has accepted the request and reported the matter to the session.   第二十条 列入全国人民代表大会会议议程的法律案,在交付表决前,提案人要求撤回的,应当说明理由,经主席团同意,并向大会报告,对该法律案的审议即行终止。

 
Article 21 Where important questions raised during the deliberation on a legislative bill call for further study, the Congress may, by decision of a plenary meeting according to a proposal made by the Presidium, authorize the Standing Committee to further deliberate on the bill on the basis of deputies' opinions, to make a decision and to give a report on the decision to the next session of the National People's Congress; or the Standing Committee may be authorized to further deliberate on the bill on the basis of deputies' opinions, to work out a revision proposal and to submit it to the next session of the National People's Congress for deliberation and decision.   第二十一条 法律案在审议中有重大问题需要进一步研究的,经主席团提出,由大会全体会议决定,可以授权常务委员会根据代表的意见进一步审议,作出决定,并将决定情况向全国人民代表大会下次会议报告;也可以授权常务委员会根据代表的意见进一步审议,提出修改方案,提请全国人民代表大会下次会议审议决定。

 
Article 22 After a revised draft of the legislative bill has been deliberated on by the various delegations, the Law Committee shall revise revised draft according to the deliberated opinions of the delegations and prepare a draft for vote, the Presidium shall submit it for vote to a plenary meeting of the session, and the draft shall be subject to adoption by a simple majority of all the deputies.   第二十二条 法律草案修改稿经各代表团审议,由法律委员会根据各代表团的审议意见进行修改,提出法律草案表决稿,由主席团提请大会全体会议表决,由全体代表的过半数通过。

 
Article 23 A law adopted by the National People's Congress shall be promulgated by Order of the President signed by the President of the People's Republic of China.   第二十三条 全国人民代表大会通过的法律由国家主席签署主席令予以公布。

 

Section 3 Legislation Procedures for the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress 第三节 全国人民代表大会常务委员会立法程序


 
Article 24 The Council of Chairmen may submit legislative bills to a meeting of the Standing Committee for deliberation.   第二十四条 委员长会议可以向常务委员会提出法律案,由常务委员会会议审议。

The State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate or a special committee of the National People's Congress may submit a legislative bill to the Standing Committee, and the Council of Chairmen shall decide whether to put it on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee or to refer it first to the relevant special committee for deliberation before deciding whether to put it on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee in light of the report submitted by the relevant special committee. If the Council of Chairmen believes that the legislative bill contains major questions calling for further study, it may advise the sponsor of the bill to revise and improve the bill before submitting it to the Standing Committee.
 
国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、全国人民代表大会各专门委员会,可以向常务委员会提出法律案,由委员长会议决定列入常务委员会会议议程,或者先交有关的专门委员会审议、提出报告,再决定列入常务委员会会议议程。如果委员长会议认为法律案有重大问题需要进一步研究,可以建议提案人修改完善后再向常务委员会提出。

 
Article 25 Ten or more of the members of the Standing Committee may jointly submit a legislative bill to the Standing Committee, and the Council of Chairmen shall decide whether to put it on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, or to refer it first to the relevant special committee for deliberation before deciding whether to put it on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee in light of the suggestions as to whether to put it on the agenda submitted by the relevant special committee. If the Council of Chairmen decides not to put the legislative bill on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, it shall report the matter to a meeting of the Standing Committee or give an explanation to the sponsor.   第二十五条 常务委员会组成人员十人以上联名,可以向常务委员会提出法律案,由委员长会议决定是否列入常务委员会会议议程,或者先交有关的专门委员会审议、提出是否列入会议议程的意见,再决定是否列入常务委员会会议议程。不列入常务委员会会议议程的,应当向常务委员会会议报告或者向提案人说明。

When a special committee holds a meeting to deliberate on a bill, the sponsor may be invited to attend the meeting and express opinions.
 
专门委员会审议的时候,可以邀请提案人列席会议,发表意见。

 
Article 26 When a legislative bill is placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, its draft shall, except under special circumstances, be delivered to the component members of the Standing Committee seven days before the meeting.   第二十六条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,除特殊情况外,应当在会议举行的七日前将法律草案发给常务委员会组成人员。

 
Article 27 As a rule, a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee shall be put to vote after deliberations at three meetings of the Standing Committee.   第二十七条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,一般应当经三次常务委员会会议审议后再交付表决。

When the Standing Committee is to deliberate on a legislative bill for the first time, it shall hear the explanation made by the sponsor at a plenary meeting, and then preliminary deliberation shall be conducted at group meetings.
 
常务委员会会议第一次审议法律案,在全体会议上听取提案人的说明,由分组会议进行初步审议。

When the Standing Committee is to deliberate on a legislative bill for the second time, it shall hear the report made by the Law Committee on the revision of the draft and the main problems thereof at a plenary meeting, and then further deliberation shall be conducted at group meetings.
 
常务委员会会议第二次审议法律案,在全体会议上听取法律委员会关于法律草案修改情况和主要问题的汇报,由分组会议进一步审议。

When the Standing Committee is to deliberate on a legislative bill for the third time, it shall hear the report made by the Law Committee on the result of its deliberation on the draft at a plenary meeting, and then the revised draft of the legislative bill be deliberated on at group meetings.
 
常务委员会会议第三次审议法律案,在全体会议上听取法律委员会关于法律草案审议结果的报告,由分组会议对法律草案修改稿进行审议。

When the Standing Committee is to deliberate on a legislative bill, it may, according to needs, convene joint group meetings or plenary meetings to discuss the main questions contained in the draft.
 
常务委员会审议法律案时,根据需要,可以召开联组会议或者全体会议,对法律草案中的主要问题进行讨论。

 
Article 28 If the various quarters have a consensus in the main on a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, the bill may be put to vote after deliberation at two meetings of the Standing Committee; if the various quarters have a consensus in the main on a legislative bill concerning partial amendment of a law, the bill may be put to vote after deliberated at one meeting only.   第二十八条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,各方面意见比较一致的,可以经两次常务委员会会议审议后交付表决;部分修改的法律案,各方面的意见比较一致的,也可以经一次常务委员会会议审议即交付表决。

 
Article 29 When group meetings of the Standing Committee are held to deliberate on a legislative bill, the sponsor shall send people to listen to opinions and answer inquires.   第二十九条 常务委员会分组会议审议法律案时,提案人应当派人听取意见,回答询问。

When group meetings of the Standing Committee are held to deliberate on a legislative bill, the relevant organ or organization shall, at the request of any group, send people to give briefings thereof.
 
常务委员会分组会议审议法律案时,根据小组的要求,有关机关、组织应当派人介绍情况。

 
Article 30 The legislative bill placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee shall be deliberated by the relevant special committee, which shall offer its opinions after deliberation and have them printed and distributed at the Standing Committee meeting.   第三十条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,由有关的专门委员会进行审议,提出审议意见,印发常务委员会会议。

When a special committee holds a meeting to deliberate on a legislative bill, members of other relevant special committees may be invited to attend the meeting and express opinions.
 
有关的专门委员会审议法律案时,可以邀请其他专门委员会的成员列席会议,发表意见。

 
Article 31 With regard to a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a Standing Committee meeting, the Law Committee shall conduct a unified deliberation on the basis of the opinions expressed by members of the Standing Committee and relevant special committees after deliberation as well as the opinions offered by the various quarters, work out a revision report or a report on the result of its deliberation and a revised draft of the legislative bill, and state the major dissenting view in either of the two reports. It shall give feedback to the relevant special committees if their deliberated opinions of importance are not accepted.   第三十一条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,由法律委员会根据常务委员会组成人员、有关的专门委员会的审议意见和各方面提出的意见,对法律案进行统一审议,提出修改情况的汇报或者审议结果报告和法律草案修改稿,对重要的不同意见应当在汇报或者审议结果报告中予以说明。对有关的专门委员会的重要审议意见没有采纳的,应当向有关的专门委员会反馈。

When the Law Committee holds a meeting to deliberate on a legislative bill, members of other relevant special committees may be invited to attend the meeting and express opinions.
 
法律委员会审议法律案时,可以邀请有关的专门委员会的成员列席会议,发表意见。

 
Article 32 When a special committee is to deliberate on a legislative bill, it shall hold a plenary meeting and may, in light of need, request the relevant organ or organization to send the leading members concerned to make explanation.   第三十二条 专门委员会审议法律案时,应当召开全体会议审议,根据需要,可以要求有关机关、组织派有关负责人说明情况。

 
Article 33 Where the special committees disagree on major questions contained in a draft law, the matter shall be reported to the Council of Chairmen.   第三十三条 专门委员会之间对法律草案的重要问题意见不一致时,应当向委员长会议报告。

 
Article 34 With regard to a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a Standing Committee meeting, the Law Committee, the relevant special committee and the working offices of the Standing Committee shall listen to opinions of the various quarters by holding forums, seminars, hearings, etc.   第三十四条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,法律委员会、有关的专门委员会和常务委员会工作机构应当听取各方面的意见。听取意见可以采取座谈会、论证会、听证会等多种形式。

The working offices of the Standing Committee shall send copies of the draft law to the relevant organs, organizations and specialists to solicit their opinions and then sort out the opinions and submit them to the Law Committee and the relevant special committee and, where necessary, print and distribute them at a meeting of the Standing Committee.
 
常务委员会工作机构应当将法律草案发送有关机关、组织和专家征求意见,将意见整理后送法律委员会和有关的专门委员会,并根据需要,印发常务委员会会议。

 
Article 35 With regard to a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a Standing Committee meeting, it may, by decision of the Council of Chairmen, be published for soliciting opinions. Opinions gathered from the organs, organizations and citizens shall be sent to the working offices of the Standing Committee.   第三十五条 列入常务委员会会议议程的重要的法律案,经委员长会议决定,可以将法律草案公布,征求意见。各机关、组织和公民提出的意见送常务委员会工作机构。

 
Article 36 With regard to a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, its working offices shall collect and sort out the deliberated opinions from group meetings and the opinions offered by the various quarters as well as other relevant information, and then send them to the Law Committee and the relevant special committee and, where necessary, print and distribute them at a meeting of the Standing Committee.   第三十六条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,常务委员会工作机构应当收集整理分组审议的意见和各方面提出的意见以及其他有关资料,分送法律委员会和有关的专门委员会,并根据需要,印发常务委员会会议。

 
Article 37 With regard to a legislative bill placed on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee, if the sponsor requests its withdrawal before it is put to vote, he shall state the reasons, and deliberation of the bill at the meeting shall terminate as soon as the Council of Chairmen has accepted the request and reported the matter to the Standing Committee.   第三十七条 列入常务委员会会议议程的法律案,在交付表决前,提案人要求撤回的,应当说明理由,经委员长会议同意,并向常务委员会报告,对该法律案的审议即行终止。

 
Article 38 Where a legislative bill has been deliberated on by the Standing Committee at three meetings and there are still major questions calling for further study, the Council of Chairmen may propose, provided with the consent of a joint group meeting or a plenary meeting, not to put the bill to vote for the time being, and refer it to the Law Committee and the relevant committee for further deliberation.   第三十八条 法律案经常务委员会三次会议审议后,仍有重大问题需要进一步研究的,由委员长会议提出,经联组会议或者全体会议同意,可以暂不付表决,交法律委员会和有关的专门委员会进一步审议。

 
Article 39 Where the deliberation of a legislative bill has been laid aside for two full years owing to significant disagreement among the various quarters on the necessity and feasibility of making the bill into a law, or where a legislative bill that has been proposed not to be put to vote for the time being has failed to be placed again on the agenda of a meeting of the Standing Committee for deliberation within two years, the Council of Chairmen shall report the matter to the Standing Committee and deliberation on the said bill shall terminate.   第三十九条 列入常务委员会会议审议的法律案,因各方面对制定该法律的必要性、可行性等重大问题存在较大意见分歧搁置审议满两年的,或者因暂不付表决经过两年没有再次列入常务委员会会议议程审议的,由委员长会议向常务委员会报告,该法律案终止审议。

 
Article 40 After the revised draft of a law has been deliberated by the Standing Committee at its meeting, the Law Committee shall further revise it on the basis of the deliberated opinions of the members of the Standing Committee before preparing a draft for vote; then, the Council of Chairmen shall request the Standing Committee to put the draft to vote at a plenary meeting, and the draft shall be subject to adoption by a simple majority of the total membership of the Standing Committee.   第四十条 法律草案修改稿经常务委员会会议审议,由法律委员会根据常务委员会组成人员的审议意见进行修改,提出法律草案表决稿,由委员长会议提请常务委员会全体会议表决,由常务委员会全体组成人员的过半数通过。

 
Article 41 A law adopted by the Standing Committee shall be promulgated by Order of the President signed by the president of the People's Republic of China.   第四十一条 常务委员会通过的法律由国家主席签署主席令予以公布。

 

Section 4 Legal Interpretation 第四节 法律解释


 
Article 42 The power of legal interpretation belongs to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.   第四十二条 法律解释权属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会。

A law shall be interpreted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress if:
 
法律有以下情况之一的,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会解释:

 
(1) the specific meaning of a provision needs to be further defined; or (一)法律的规定需要进一步明确具体含义的;

 
(2) after its enactment, new developments make it necessary to define the basis on which to apply the law. (二)法律制定后出现新的情况,需要明确适用法律依据的。

 
Article 43 The State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, a special committee of the National People's Congress and the standing committee of the people's congress of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government may request the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to give legal interpretation.   第四十三条 国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和全国人民代表大会各专门委员会以及省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会可以向全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出法律解释要求。

 
Article 44 The working offices of the Standing Committee shall study and work out a draft for the legal interpretation, which shall be put on the agenda of the Standing Committee meeting by decision of the Council of Chairmen.   第四十四条 常务委员会工作机构研究拟订法律解释草案,由委员长会议决定列入常务委员会会议议程。

 
Article 45 After a draft for legal interpretation has been deliberated by the Standing Committee at its meeting, the Law Committee shall, on the basis of the deliberated opinions of members of the Standing Committee, deliberate on the draft and revise it before working out a draft legal interpretation for vote.   第四十五条 法律解释草案经常务委员会会议审议,由法律委员会根据常务委员会组成人员的审议意见进行审议、修改,提出法律解释草案表决稿。

 
Article 46 The draft legal interpretation for vote shall be subject to adoption by a simple majority of the total membership of the Standing Committee and be promulgated by the Standing Committee in an announcement.   第四十六条 法律解释草案表决稿由常务委员会全体组成人员的过半数通过,由常务委员会发布公告予以公布。

 
Article 47 The legal interpretation adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has the same effect as the laws enacted by it.   第四十七条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会的法律解释同法律具有同等效力。

 

Section 5 Other Provisions 第五节 其他规定


 
Article 48 When a legislative bill is submitted, a version of the draft law, its explanation and other necessary information shall be provided at the same time. The explanation on the draft law shall cover the necessity of its enactment and its main contents.   第四十八条 提出法律案,应当同时提出法律草案文本及其说明,并提供必要的资料。法律草案的说明应当包括制定该法律的必要性和主要内容。

 
Article 49 With regard to a legislative bill submitted to the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee, the sponsor has the right to withdraw it before it is put on the agenda of a Congress session or Committee meeting.   第四十九条 向全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会提出的法律案,在列入会议议程前,提案人有权撤回。

 
Article 50 With regard to a legislative bill that has failed to pass the vote at a plenary meeting of the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee, if the sponsor still considers it necessary to enact the proposed law, he may submit the bill anew in accordance with the statutory procedures, and the Presidium or the Council of Chairmen shall decide whether to put it on the agenda of a session of the Congress or a meeting of the Standing Committee; for a bill that has failed to be adopted by the National People's Congress, the case shall be referred to the National People's Congress for deliberation and decision.   第五十条 交付全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会全体会议表决未获得通过的法律案,如果提案人认为必须制定该法律,可以按照法律规定的程序重新提出,由主席团、委员长会议决定是否列入会议议程;其中,未获得全国人民代表大会通过的法律案,应当提请全国人民代表大会审议决定。

 
Article 51 In a law, the time for its entry into effect shall be clearly stipulated.   第五十一条 法律应当明确规定施行日期。

 
Article 52 In an Order of the President signed for promulgating a law, the organ that enacts the law, the date of its adoption and the time for its entry into effect shall be clearly stated.   第五十二条 签署公布法律的主席令载明该法律的制定机关、通过和施行日期。

Once a law is promulgated upon signing, it shall be published in the Bulletin of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and in the newspapers with a nationwide distribution.
 
法律签署公布后,及时在全国人民代表大会常务委员会公报和在全国范围内发行的报纸上刊登。

The text of a law published in the Bulletin of the Standing Committee shall be the standard text.
 
在常务委员会公报上刊登的法律文本为标准文本。

 
Article 53 The procedures for revising or nullifying a law shall be governed by the relevant provisions in this Chapter.   第五十三条 法律的修改和废止程序,适用本章的有关规定。

Where only part of the Articles of a law are revised or nullified, the new text of the law must be promulgated.
 
法律部分条文被修改或者废止的,必须公布新的法律文本。

 
Article 54 According to the need of the contents, a law may consists of parts, chapters, sections, Articles, paragraphs, subparagraphs and items.   第五十四条 法律根据内容需要,可以分编、章、节、条、款、项、目。

The sequence of the different parts, chapters, sections and Articles shall be marked in the order of Chinese numerals, the sequence of the paragraphs shall not be marked, that of subparagraphs shall be marked in the order of bracketed Chinese numerals and that of items marked with Arabic numerals.
 
编、章、节、条的序号用中文数字依次表述,款不编序号,项的序号用中文数字加括号依次表述,目的序号用阿拉伯数字依次表述。

In the note to the title of a law, the organ that enacts the law and the date of adoption shall be clearly stated.
 
法律标题的题注应当载明制定机关、通过日期。

 
Article 55 The working offices of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress may reply, after study, to any legal inquiries regarding specific questions and shall report thereon to the Standing Committee for the record.   第五十五条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作机构可以对有关具体问题的法律询问进行研究予以答复,并报常务委员会备案。

 

Chapter III Administrative Regulations 第三章 行政法规


 
Article 56 The State Council shall, in accordance with the Constitution and laws, formulate administrative regulations.   第五十六条 国务院根据宪法和法律,制定行政法规。

The administrative regulations may be formulated to govern the following matters:
 
行政法规可以就下列事项作出规定:

 
(1) matters requiring the formulation of administrative regulations in order to implement the provisions of law; and (一)为执行法律的规定需要制定行政法规的事项;

 
(2) matters within the administrative functions and powers of the State Council as provided for in Article 89 of the Constitution. (二)宪法第八十九条规定的国务院行政管理职权的事项。

When the administrative regulations governing an affair which has been formulated first by the State Council under authorization decided on by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee, an affair on which the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee is responsible to make a law, have been tested in practice and when the conditions are ripe for making a law on the affair, the State Council shall, in a timely manner, request the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee to make the law.
 
应当由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律的事项,国务院根据全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会的授权决定先制定的行政法规,经过实践检验,制定法律的条件成熟时,国务院应当及时提请全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定法律。

 
Article 57 The drafting of administrative regulations shall be arranged by the State Council. Where a relevant department under the State Council considers it necessary to formulate administrative regulations to govern a matter, it shall apply to the State Council for including the matter in its legislation list.   第五十七条 行政法规由国务院组织起草。国务院有关部门认为需要制定行政法规的,应当向国务院报请立项。

 
Article 58 In drafting administrative regulations, opinions from relevant organs, organizations and citizens shall be widely listened to, and forums, seminars, hearings, etc. may be held for the purpose.   第五十八条 行政法规在起草过程中,应当广泛听取有关机关、组织和公民的意见。听取意见可以采取座谈会、论证会、听证会等多种形式。

 
Article 59 When the drafting of the administrative regulations is completed, the drafting unit shall submit the draft, its explanation, differing opinions from the various quarters on major questions in the draft and other relevant information to the legislative affairs department under the State Council for examination.   第五十九条 行政法规起草工作完成后,起草单位应当将草案及其说明、各方面对草案主要问题的不同意见和其他有关资料送国务院法制机构进行审查。

The legislative affairs department under the State Council shall submit an examination report and a revised draft to the State Council and in its examination report explain the major questions in the draft.
 
国务院法制机构应当向国务院提出审查报告和草案修改稿,审查报告应当对草案主要问题作出说明。

 
Article 60 The decision-making procedures for administrative regulations shall comply with the relevant provisions in the Organic Law of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.   第六十条 行政法规的决定程序依照中华人民共和国国务院组织法的有关规定办理。

 
Article 61 Administrative regulations shall be promulgated by Order of the State Council signed by the Premier of the State Council.   第六十一条 行政法规由总理签署国务院令公布。

 
Article 62 After promulgation upon signing, the administrative regulations shall immediately be published in the Bulletin of the State Council and in newspapers with a nationwide distribution.   第六十二条 行政法规签署公布后,及时在国务院公报和在全国范围内发行的报纸上刊登。

The text of the administrative regulations published in the Bulletin of the State Council shall be the standard text.
 
在国务院公报上刊登的行政法规文本为标准文本。

 

Chapter IV Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations, Separate Regulations, and Rules 第四章 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章


 

Section 1 Local Regulations, Autonomous Regulations and Separate Regulations 第一节 地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例


 
Article 63 The people's congresses or their standing committees of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in light of the specific conditions and actual needs of their respective administrative areas, formulate local regulations, provided that such regulations do not contradict the Constitution, the laws and the administrative regulations.   第六十三条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本行政区域的具体情况和实际需要,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下,可以制定地方性法规。

The people's congresses or their standing committees of the comparatively larger cities may, in light of the specific local conditions and actual needs, formulate local regulations, provided that they do not contradict the Constitution, the laws, the administrative regulations and the local regulations of their respective provinces or autonomous regions, and they shall submit the regulations to the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces or autonomous regions for approval before implementation. The standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces or autonomous regions shall examine the legality of such local regulations which are submitted for approval, and shall approve them within four months if they do not contradict the Constitution, the laws, the administrative regulations, and the local regulations of their respective provinces or autonomous regions.
 
较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本市的具体情况和实际需要,在不同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规相抵触的前提下,可以制定地方性法规,报省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后施行。省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会对报请批准的地方性法规,应当对其合法性进行审查,同宪法、法律、行政法规和本省、自治区的地方性法规不抵触的,应当在四个月内予以批准。

When the standing committee of the people's congress of a province or autonomous region examines the local regulations of a comparatively larger city submitted for approval, it shall make a decision to deal with the matter if it finds that the said regulations contradict the rules of the people's government of the province or autonomous region.
 
省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会在对报请批准的较大的市的地方性法规进行审查时,发现其同本省、自治区的人民政府的规章相抵触的,应当作出处理决定。

A "comparatively larger city" used in this Law refers to a city where a provincial or autonomous regional people's government is located or where a special economic zone is located, or a city approved as such by the State Council.
 
本法所称较大的市是指省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市,经济特区所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市。

 
Article 64 Local regulations may be formulated to govern the following matters:   第六十四条 地方性法规可以就下列事项作出规定:

 
(1) matters requiring the formulation of specific provisions in light of the actual conditions of an respective administrative area for implementing the provisions of laws or administrative regulations; and (一)为执行法律、行政法规的规定,需要根据本行政区域的实际情况作具体规定的事项;

 
(2) matters of local character that require the formulation of local regulations. (二)属于地方性事务需要制定地方性法规的事项。

Except for the affairs provided for in Article 8 of this Law, the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the comparatively larger cities may, in light of the specific local conditions and actual needs, first formulate local regulations on all other affairs for which the State has not yet formulated any laws or administrative regulations. Once the laws or administrative regulations formulated on such matters by the State come into effect, the provisions in local regulations which contradict the said laws or administrative regulations shall be null or void, and the organs that have formulated such regulations shall promptly amend or annul the provisions.
 
除本法第八条规定的事项外,其他事项国家尚未制定法律或者行政法规的,省、自治区、直辖市和较大的市根据本地方的具体情况和实际需要,可以先制定地方性法规。在国家制定的法律或者行政法规生效后,地方性法规同法律或者行政法规相抵触的规定无效,制定机关应当及时予以修改或者废止。

 
Article 65 The people's congresses or their standing committees of the provinces and cities where special economic zones are located may, upon authorization by decision of the National People's Congress, formulate regulations and enforce them within the limits of the special economic zones.   第六十五条 经济特区所在地的省、市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据全国人民代表大会的授权决定,制定法规,在经济特区范围内实施。

 
Article 66 The people's congresses of the national autonomous areas have the power to formulate autonomous regulations and separate regulations on the basis of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the local nationality(nationalities). The autonomous regulations and separate regulations of the autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval and shall go into effect upon approval. The autonomous regulations and separate regulations of the autonomous prefectures or counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people's congresses of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval and shall go into effect upon approval.   第六十六条 民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点,制定自治条例和单行条例。自治区的自治条例和单行条例,报全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。自治州、自治县的自治条例和单行条例,报省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会批准后生效。

Where certain provisions of the laws and administrative regulations are concerned, adaptation on the basis of the characteristics of the local nationality (nationalities) may be made in autonomous regulations and separate regulations, but such adaptation may not contradict the basis principles of the laws and administrative regulations; where the provisions of the Constitution and the Law on Regional National Autonomy as well as the provisions in other laws and administrative regulations specially formulated to govern the national autonomous areas are concerned, no adaptation may be made.
 
自治条例和单行条例可以依照当地民族的特点,对法律和行政法规的规定作出变通规定,但不得违背法律或者行政法规的基本原则,不得对宪法和民族区域自治法的规定以及其他有关法律、行政法规专门就民族自治地方所作的规定作出变通规定。

 
Article 67 Local regulations governing especially important matters of an administrative area shall be subject to adoption by the people's congress of the area.   第六十七条 规定本行政区域特别重大事项的地方性法规,应当由人民代表大会通过。

 
Article 68 The procedures for submission, deliberation and voting of bills of local regulations, autonomous regulations or separate regulations shall be enacted by the people's congress at the corresponding level in accordance with the Organic Law of the People's Republic of China on Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments and with reference to the provisions of Sections 2, 3 and 5 in Chapter II of this Law.   第六十八条 地方性法规案、自治条例和单行条例案的提出、审议和表决程序,根据中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法,参照本法第二章第二节、第三节、第五节的规定,由本级人民代表大会规定。

The organ in charge of unified deliberation of a draft of local regulations shall prepare a report on the result of its a conclusive report on deliberation and a revised draft of the regulations.
 
地方性法规草案由负责统一审议的机构提出审议结果的报告和草案修改稿。

 
Article 69 Local regulations formulated by the people's congress of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be promulgated by the presidium of the congress in an announcement.   第六十九条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会制定的地方性法规由大会主席团发布公告予以公布。

Local regulations formulated by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall be promulgated by the standing committee in an announcement.
 
省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会制定的地方性法规由常务委员会发布公告予以公布。

Local regulations formulated by the people's congress or its standing committee of a comparatively larger city shall, upon approval, be promulgated by the standing committee of the people's congress of the city in an announcement.
 
较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规报经批准后,由较大的市的人民代表大会常务委员会发布公告予以公布。

Autonomous regulations or separate regulations shall, upon approval, be promulgated by the standing committee of the local people's congress of the autonomous region, autonomous prefecture or autonomous county in an announcement.
 
自治条例和单行条例报经批准后,分别由自治区、自治州、自治县的人民代表大会常务委员会发布公告予以公布。

 
Article 70 Once local regulations or autonomous regulations and separate regulations of an autonomous region are promulgated, they shall be published in the gazette of the standing committee of the local people's congress and in newspapers distributed within the administrative area.   第七十条 地方性法规、自治区的自治条例和单行条例公布后,及时在本级人民代表大会常务委员会公报和在本行政区域范围内发行的报纸上刊登。

The text of local regulations or autonomous regulations and separate regulations published in the gazette of the standing committee of the people's congress shall be the standard text.
 
在常务委员会公报上刊登的地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例文本为标准文本。

 

Section 2 Rules 第二节 规章


 
Article 71 The ministries and commissions of the State Council, the People's Bank of China, the State Audit Administration as well as the other organs endowed with administrative functions directly under the State Council may, in accordance with the laws as well as the administrative regulations, decisions and orders of the State Council and within the limits of their power, formulate rules.   第七十一条 国务院各部、委员会、中国人民银行、审计署和具有行政管理职能的直属机构,可以根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令,在本部门的权限范围内,制定规章。

Matters governed by the rules of departments shall be those for the enforcement of the laws or the administrative regulations, decisions and orders of the State Council.
 
部门规章规定的事项应当属于执行法律或者国务院的行政法规、决定、命令的事项。

 
Article 72 With regard to a matter that falls within the limits of power of two or more departments under the State Council, the State Council shall be requested to formulate administrative regulations, or the departments concerned under the State Council shall jointly formulate rules.   第七十二条 涉及两个以上国务院部门职权范围的事项,应当提请国务院制定行政法规或者由国务院有关部门联合制定规章。

 
Article 73 The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the comparatively larger cities may, in accordance with laws and administrative regulations and the local regulations of their respective province, autonomous regions or municipalities, formulate rules.   第七十三条 省、自治区、直辖市和较大的市的人民政府,可以根据法律、行政法规和本省、自治区、直辖市的地方性法规,制定规章。

Local governments may formulate rules to govern the following matters:
 
地方政府规章可以就下列事项作出规定:

 
(1) matters requiring the formulation of rules to implement the provisions of laws, administrative regulations and local regulations; and (一)为执行法律、行政法规、地方性法规的规定需要制定规章的事项;

 
(2) specific administrative matters pertaining to their respective administrative areas. (二)属于本行政区域的具体行政管理事项。

 
Article 74 The procedures for formulating the rules of departments under the State Council and rules of local governments shall be enacted by the State Council with reference to the provisions in Chapter III of this Law.   第七十四条 国务院部门规章和地方政府规章的制定程序,参照本法第三章的规定,由国务院规定。

 
Article 75 The Rules of departments shall be subject to decision by the executive meetings of ministries or meetings of commissions.   第七十五条 部门规章应当经部务会议或者委员会会议决定。

The rules of local governments shall be subject to decision by the executive meetings or plenary meetings of the respective governments.
 
地方政府规章应当经政府常务会议或者全体会议决定。

 
Article 76 The rules of departments shall be promulgated by orders signed by the heads of the departments.   第七十六条 部门规章由部门首长签署命令予以公布。

The rules of local governments shall be promulgated by orders signed by governors of provinces, chairmen of autonomous regions or mayors.
 
地方政府规章由省长或者自治区主席或者市长签署命令予以公布。

 
Article 77 the rules of departments shall, upon promulgation by signed orders, be promptly published in the gazette of the State Council or gazettes of the departments and in newspapers with a nationwide distribution.   第七十七条 部门规章签署公布后,及时在国务院公报或者部门公报和在全国范围内发行的报纸上刊登。

The rules of local governments shall, upon promulgation by signed orders, be promptly published in gazettes of the local people's governments and in newspapers distributed within their respective administrative areas.
 
地方政府规章签署公布后,及时在本级人民政府公报和在本行政区域范围内发行的报纸上刊登。

The text of rules published in the gazette of the State Council or of the department and in the gazette of the local people's government shall be the standard text.
 
在国务院公报或者部门公报和地方人民政府公报上刊登的规章文本为标准文本。

 

Chapter V Application and Record 第五章 适用与备案


 
Article 78 The legal effect of the Constitution is the highest, and no laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations or rules whatever may contradict it.   第七十八条 宪法具有最高的法律效力,一切法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章都不得同宪法相抵触。

 
Article 79 The effect of laws is higher than that of administrative regulations, local regulations, and rules.   第七十九条 法律的效力高于行政法规、地方性法规、规章。

The effect of administrative regulations is higher than that of local regulations, and rules.
 
行政法规的效力高于地方性法规、规章。

 
Article 80 The effect of local regulations is higher than that of the rules of the local governments at or below the corresponding level.   第八十条 地方性法规的效力高于本级和下级地方政府规章。

The effect of the rules formulated by the people's governments of the provinces or autonomous regions is higher than that of the rules formulated by the people's governments of the comparatively larger cities within the administrative areas of the provinces and autonomous regions.
 
省、自治区的人民政府制定的规章的效力高于本行政区域内的较大的市的人民政府制定的规章。

 
Article 81 Where in autonomous regulations or separate regulations provisions are formulated in accordance with law to make adaptations with regard to certain provisions of laws, administrative regulations or local regulations, the provisions of the autonomous regulations or separate regulations shall apply in the autonomous areas concerned.   第八十一条 自治条例和单行条例依法对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的,在本自治地方适用自治条例和单行条例的规定。

Where regulations of special economic zones are formulated, upon authorization, to make adaptations with regard to certain provisions of laws, administrative regulations or local regulations, the provisions of the regulations of special economic zones shall apply in the special economic zones concerned.
 
经济特区法规根据授权对法律、行政法规、地方性法规作变通规定的,在本经济特区适用经济特区法规的规定。

 
Article 82 The effect of the rules of different departments is equal between the departments, and the effect of the rules of departments and of the rules of local governments is equal between the departments and local governments; their application shall be confined to their respective limits of authority.   第八十二条 部门规章之间、部门规章与地方政府规章之间具有同等效力,在各自的权限范围内施行。

 
Article 83 With regard to laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations or rules, if they are formulated by one and same organ and if there is inconsistency between special provisions and general provisions, the special provisions shall prevail; if there is inconsistency between the new provisions and the old provisions, the new provisions shall prevail.   第八十三条 同一机关制定的法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章,特别规定与一般规定不一致的,适用特别规定;新的规定与旧的规定不一致的,适用新的规定。

 
Article 84 Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations and rules shall not be retroactive, but the regulations formulated specially for the purpose of better protecting the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations are excepted.   第八十四条 法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章不溯及既往,但为了更好地保护公民、法人和其他组织的权利和利益而作的特别规定除外。

 
Article 85 Where there is inconsistency between the new general provisions and the old special provisions in different laws governing one and the same matter and it is hard to decide which provisions shall prevail, a ruling shall be made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.   第八十五条 法律之间对同一事项的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致,不能确定如何适用时,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决。

Where there is inconsistency between the new general provisions and the old special provisions in different administrative regulations governing one and the same matter and it is hard to decide which provisions shall prevail, a ruling shall be made by the State Council.
 
行政法规之间对同一事项的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致,不能确定如何适用时,由国务院裁决。

 
Article 86 Where there is inconsistency between local regulations and rules, a ruling shall be made by the organ concerned according to the limits of power prescribed below:   第八十六条 地方性法规、规章之间不一致时,由有关机关依照下列规定的权限作出裁决:

 
(1) Where there is inconsistency between the new general provisions and the old special provisions formulated by one and the same organ, the said organ shall make a ruling; (一)同一机关制定的新的一般规定与旧的特别规定不一致时,由制定机关裁决;

 
(2) Where there is inconsistency between the provisions of local regulations and those of the rules of departments governing one and same matter and it is hard to decide which provisions shall prevail, the State Council shall make a decision; if it considers that the provisions of the local regulations should be applied, it shall decide that the provisions of the local regulations be applied in the locality concerned; if it considers that the rules of departments should be applied, the case shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for a ruling; and (二)地方性法规与部门规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致,不能确定如何适用时,由国务院提出意见,国务院认为应当适用地方性法规的,应当决定在该地方适用地方性法规的规定;认为应当适用部门规章的,应当提请全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决;

 
(3) Where there is inconsistency between the provisions in the rules of different departments or between the provisions in the rules of the departments and those in the rules of local governments governing one and the same matter, the State Council shall make a ruling. (三)部门规章之间、部门规章与地方政府规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致时,由国务院裁决。

Where there is inconsistency between the regulations formulated upon authorization and the provisions of laws and it is hard to decide which shall prevail, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall make a ruling.
 
根据授权制定的法规与法律规定不一致,不能确定如何适用时,由全国人民代表大会常务委员会裁决。

 
Article 87 Under any of the following circumstances, laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations or rules shall be altered or annulled by the organ concerned in accordance with the limits of power prescribed in Article 88 of this Law:   第八十七条 法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章有下列情形之一的,由有关机关依照本法第八十八条规定的权限予以改变或者撤销:

 
(1) where the limits of power are transcended; (一)超越权限的;

 
(2) where provisions of the legislation of lower levels contravene those of the legislation of upper levels; (二)下位法违反上位法规定的;

 
(3) where, because of inconsistency between the provisions of different rules governing one and the same matter, it is ruled that the provisions of one side be altered or annulled; (三)规章之间对同一事项的规定不一致,经裁决应当改变或者撤销一方的规定的;

 
(4) where the provisions of rules are considered inappropriate and should therefore be altered or annulled; or (四)规章的规定被认为不适当,应当予以改变或者撤销的;

 
(5) where legal procedures are violated. (五)违背法定程序的。

 
Article 88 The limits of power for altering or annulling laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations or rules are as follows:   第八十八条 改变或者撤销法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章的权限是:

 
(1) The National People's Congress has the power to alter or annul any inappropriate laws enacted by its Standing Committee, and to annul any autonomous regulations or separate regulations which have been approved by its Standing Committee but which contravene the Constitution or the provision of the second paragraph in Article 66 of this Law; (一)全国人民代表大会有权改变或者撤销它的常务委员会制定的不适当的法律,有权撤销全国人民代表大会常务委员会批准的违背宪法和本法第六十六条第二款规定的自治条例和单行条例;

 
(2) The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has the power to annul any administrative regulations which contradict the Constitution and laws, to annul any local regulations which contradict the Constitution, laws or administrative regulations, and to annul any autonomous regulations or separate regulations which have been approved by the standing committees of the people's congresses of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government but which contravene the Constitution or the provision of the second paragraph in Article 66 of this Law; (二)全国人民代表大会常务委员会有权撤销同宪法和法律相抵触的行政法规,有权撤销同宪法、法律和行政法规相抵触的地方性法规,有权撤销省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会批准的违背宪法和本法第六十六条第二款规定的自治条例和单行条例;

 
(3) The State Council has the power to alter or annul any inappropriate rules of the departments and of local governments; (三)国务院有权改变或者撤销不适当的部门规章和地方政府规章;

 
(4) The people's congress of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government has the power to alter or annul any inappropriate local regulations formulated or approved by its standing committee; (四)省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会有权改变或者撤销它的常务委员会制定的和批准的不适当的地方性法规;

 
(5) The standing committee of a local people's congress has the power to annul any inappropriate rules formulated by the people's government at the same level; (五)地方人民代表大会常务委员会有权撤销本级人民政府制定的不适当的规章;

 
(6) The people's government of a province or autonomous region has the power to alter or annul any inappropriate rules formulated by people's governments at the next lower level; and (六)省、自治区的人民政府有权改变或者撤销下一级人民政府制定的不适当的规章;

 
(7) The authorizing organ has the power to annul any of the regulations formulated by an authorized organ that transcends the authorized limits of power or contravenes the authorized purpose, and when necessary, may revoke the authorization. (七)授权机关有权撤销被授权机关制定的超越授权范围或者违背授权目的的法规,必要时可以撤销授权。

 
Article 89 Administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations and rules shall, within 30 days from the date of promulgation, be reported to the organ concerned for the record in accordance with the following provisions:   第八十九条 行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章应当在公布后的三十日内依照下列规定报有关机关备案:

 
(1) Administrative regulations shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record; (一)行政法规报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案;

 
(2) Local regulations formulated by the people's congresses or their standing committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the State Council for the record; local regulations formulated by the people's congresses or their standing committees of the comparatively larger cities shall be reported by the standing committees of the people's congresses of the relevant provinces and autonomous regions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the State Council for the record; (二)省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规,报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案;较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的地方性法规,由省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案;

 
(3) Autonomous regulations and separate regulations formulated by autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be reported by the standing committees of people's congresses of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the State Council for the record; (三)自治州、自治县制定的自治条例和单行条例,由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案;

 
(4) The rules of a department and of a local government shall be reported to the State Council for the record. The rules of a local government shall at the same time be reported to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level for the record. The rules formulated by the people's government of a comparatively larger city shall simultaneously be reported to the standing committee of the people's congress and to the people's government of the relevant province or autonomous region for the record; and (四)部门规章和地方政府规章报国务院备案;地方政府规章应当同时报本级人民代表大会常务委员会备案;较大的市的人民政府制定的规章应当同时报省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会和人民政府备案;

 
(5) Regulations formulated upon authorization shall be reported to the organ specified by the authorization decision for the record. (五)根据授权制定的法规应当报授权决定规定的机关备案。

 
Article 90 When the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government consider that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations or separate regulations contradict the Constitution or laws, they may submit to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress written requests for examination, and the working offices of the Standing Committee shall refer the requests to the relevant special committees for examination and suggestions.   第九十条 国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和各省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触的,可以向全国人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出进行审查的要求,由常务委员会工作机构分送有关的专门委员会进行审查、提出意见。

When State organs other than the ones mentioned in the preceding paragraph, public organizations, enterprises and institutions or citizens consider that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations or separate regulations contradict the Constitution or laws, they may submit to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress written suggestions for examination, and the working offices of the Standing Committee shall study the suggestions and shall, when necessary, refer them to the relevant special committees for examination and suggestions.
 
前款规定以外的其他国家机关和社会团体、企业事业组织以及公民认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触的,可以向全国人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出进行审查的建议,由常务委员会工作机构进行研究,必要时,送有关的专门委员会进行审查、提出意见。

 
Article 91 When after examination a special committee of the National People's Congress considers that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations or separate regulations contradict the Constitution or laws, it may submit written suggestions to the organ that has formulated the regulations for examination; or the Law Committee and other relevant special committees may convene a joint meeting for examination and request the said organ to attend the meeting and give an explanation, and then after examination submit to the organ written comments and suggestions. The organ that has formulated the regulations shall, within two months, study and put forth suggestions as to whether to revise the regulations, and shall give feedback to the Law Committee and other relevant special committees of the National People's Congress.   第九十一条 全国人民代表大会专门委员会在审查中认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触的,可以向制定机关提出书面审查意见;也可以由法律委员会与有关的专门委员会召开联合审查会议,要求制定机关到会说明情况,再向制定机关提出书面审查意见。制定机关应当在两个月内研究提出是否修改的意见,并向全国人民代表大会法律委员会和有关的专门委员会反馈。

If, after examination, the Law Committee and other relevant special committees of the National People's Congress consider that administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations or separate regulations contradict the Constitution or laws and the organ that has formulated such regulations refuses to make revision, they may submit written comments and suggestions on the basis of their examination and propose a motion for annulment of the regulations to the Council of Chairmen, which shall decide whether to submit the motion to a meeting of the Standing Committee for examination and decision.
 
全国人民代表大会法律委员会和有关的专门委员会审查认为行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例同宪法或者法律相抵触而制定机关不予修改的,可以向委员长会议提出书面审查意见和予以撤销的议案,由委员长会议决定是否提请常务委员会会议审议决定。

 
Article 92 Other authorities which receive local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations or rules submitted to them for the record shall, in accordance with the principle of safeguarding legal uniformity, formulate procedures for the examination of such regulations or rules.   第九十二条 其他接受备案的机关对报送备案的地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章的审查程序,按照维护法制统一的原则,由接受备案的机关规定。

 

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions 第六章 附则


 
Article 93 The Central Military Commission shall, in accordance with the Constitution and laws, formulated military regulations.   第九十三条 中央军事委员会根据宪法和法律,制定军事法规。

The General Departments, the various services and arms and the military commands of the Central Military Commission may, in accordance with laws and the military regulations, decisions and orders of the Commission, formulate military rules within the limits of their power.
 
中央军事委员会各总部、军兵种、军区,可以根据法律和中央军事委员会的军事法规、决定、命令,在其权限范围内,制定军事规章。

Military regulations and military rules shall be implemented within the armed forces.
 
军事法规、军事规章在武装力量内部实施。

Measures for formulating, revising and nullifying military regulations and military rules shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with the principles laid down in this Law.
 
军事法规、军事规章的制定、修改和废止办法,由中央军事委员会依照本法规定的原则规定。

 
Article 94 This Law shall go into effect as of July 1, 2000.   第九十四条 本法自2000年7月1日起施行。


 

     
     
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