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Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China (1998 Revision) [Revised]
中华人民共和国土地管理法(1998修订) [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China

 

中华人民共和国主席令


(No. 8)
 
(第八号)


The Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, as revised and adopted at the 4th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on August 29, 1998, is hereby issued, and shall come into force as of January 1, 1999.
 
中华人民共和国土地管理法》已由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议于1998年8月29日修订通过,现将修订后的《中华人民共和国土地管理法》公布,自1999年1月1日起施行。

President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin
 
中华人民共和国主席 江泽民

August 29, 1998
 
1998年8月29日

Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China
 
中华人民共和国土地管理法

(Adopted at the 16th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on June 25, 1986, amended in pursuance of the Decision on the Amendment of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China made at the 5th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on December 29, 1988, and revised at the 4th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on August 29, 1998)
 
(1986年6月25日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议通过 根据1988年12月29日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国土地管理法〉的决定》修正 1998年8月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议修订)

 
Contents 目 录

 
Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总 则

 
Chapter II Land Ownership and Use Right 第二章 土地的所有权和使用权

 
Chapter III Overall Planning for Land Utilization 第三章 土地利用总体规划

 
Chapter IV Cultivated Land Protection 第四章 耕地保护

 
Chapter V Land for Construction 第五章 建设用地

 
Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection 第六章 监督检查

 
Chapter VII Legal Liability 第七章 法律责任

 
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions 第八章 附 则

 
Chapter I General Provisions 

第一章 总则


 
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution with a view to strengthening land administration, safeguarding the socialist public ownership of land, protecting and developing land resources, rationally utilizing the land, earnestly protecting the cultivated land and promoting sustainable socio-economic development.   第一条 为了加强土地管理,维护土地的社会主义公有制,保护、开发土地资源,合理利用土地,切实保护耕地,促进社会经济的可持续发展,根据宪法,制定本法。

 
Article 2 The People's Republic of China practises the socialist public ownership of land, namely ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the laboring masses.   第二条 中华人民共和国实行土地的社会主义公有制,即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

Ownership by the whole people namely the ownership of state-owned land shall be exercised by the State Council on behalf of the state.
 
全民所有,即国家所有土地的所有权由国务院代表国家行使。

No unit or individual shall infringe on and occupy, buy and sell or illegally transfer land in other forms. Land use right may be transferred in accordance with law.
 
任何单位和个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。土地使用权可以依法转让。

The state may, one of necessity of public interest, requisition land collectively owned in accordance with law.
 
国家为公共利益的需要,可以依法对集体所有的土地实行征用。

The state practises the system of paid-for use for state-owned land in accordance with law. However, appropriation of state-owned land use right by the state within the scope prescribed by law is excluded.
 
国家依法实行国有土地有偿使用制度。但是,国家在法律规定的范围内划拨国有土地使用权的除外。

 
Article 3 Most sparing and rational land utilization and earnest protection of cultivated land constitute China's basic state policy. People's governments at all levels should take measures in overall planning, strict administration, protection and development of land resources and curbing illegal acts of occupation of land.   第三条 十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地是我国的基本国策。各级人民政府应当采取措施,全面规划,严格管理,保护、开发土地资源,制止非法占用土地的行为。

 
Article 4 The state practises the system of land use control.   第四条 国家实行土地用途管制制度。

The state compiles overall planning for land utilization, provides for land uses and classifies land as farm land, land for construction and un-utilized land. Strict restriction shall be imposed on turning farm land into land for construction, quantum of land for construction shall be controlled and special protection provided for cultivated land.
 
国家编制土地利用总体规划,规定土地用途,将土地分为农用地、建设用地和未利用地。严格限制农用地转为建设用地,控制建设用地总量,对耕地实行特殊保护。

Farm land referred to in the preceding paragraph means land used directly for agricultural production including cultivated land, forest land, grassland, land for farmland water conservancy and water surface for cultivation and breeding; land for construction means land for building constructions and structures including land for urban and rural residences and public facilities, land for industries and mines, land for communications and water conservancy works, land for tourism and land for military installations; un-utilized land means land other than farm land and land for construction.
 
前款所称农用地是指直接用于农业生产的土地,包括耕地、林地、草地、农田水利用地、养殖水面等;建设用地是指建造建筑物、构筑物的土地,包括城乡住宅和公共设施用地、工矿用地、交通水利设施用地、旅游用地、军事设施用地等;未利用地是指农用地和建设用地以外的土地。

Any unit or individual that uses land must use the land in strict accordance with the uses determined by the overall planning for land utilization.
 
使用土地的单位和个人必须严格按照土地利用总体规划确定的用途使用土地。

 
Article 5 The competent department of land administration under the State Council shall be uniformly responsible for the work of land administration and supervision nationwide.   第五条 国务院土地行政主管部门统一负责全国土地的管理和监督工作。

The establishment of competent departments of land administration of local people's governments at or above the county level and their responsibilities shall be determined by the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State Council.
 
县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门的设置及其职责,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据国务院有关规定确定。

 
Article 6 Any unit or individual has the obligation to abide by the laws and regulations on land administration and has the right to report on or file a charge against any act violating the laws and regulations on land administration.   第六条 任何单位和个人都有遵守土地管理法律、法规的义务,并有权对违反土地管理法律、法规的行为提出检举和控告。

 
Article 7 Units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the protection and development of land resources, rational utilization of land and conduct of related scientific research shall be rewarded by the people's government.   第七条 在保护和开发土地资源、合理利用土地以及进行有关的科学研究等方面成绩显著的单位和个人,由人民政府给予奖励。

 
Chapter II Land Ownership and Use Right 

第二章 土地的所有权和使用权


 
Article 8 Land in urban areas of cities belongs to the state.   第八条 城市市区的土地属于国家所有。

Land in rural areas and suburban areas of cities excluding those belonging to the state prescribed by law belongs to peasants' collective ownership; house sites, land allotted for personal needs and hilly land allotted for private use belongs to peasants' collective ownership.
 
农村和城市郊区的土地,除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外,属于农民集体所有;宅基地和自留地、自留山,属于农民集体所有。

 
Article 9 State-owned land and land collectively owned by peasants may be determined in accordance with law to be used by units or individuals. Units and individuals using the land have the obligation to protect, manage and rationally utilize the land.   第九条 国有土地和农民集体所有的土地,可以依法确定给单位或者个人使用。使用土地的单位和个人,有保护、管理和合理利用土地的义务。

 
Article 10 Peasants' collectively-owned land that belongs to peasants' collective ownership of a village according to law shall be managed and administered by the village collective economic organization or villagers' committee; the land that belongs separately to more than two rural collective economic organizations and owned collectively by peasants shall be managed and administered by the respective rural collective economic organizations or villagers' teams; the land that belongs to village(township) peasants' collective ownership shall be managed and administered by the village(township) rural collective economic organization.   第十条 农民集体所有的土地依法属于村农民集体所有的,由村集体经济组织或者村民委员会经营、管理;已经分别属于村内两个以上农村集体经济组织的农民集体所有的,由村内各该农村集体经济组织或者村民小组经营、管理;已经属于乡(镇)农民集体所有的,由乡(镇)农村集体经济组织经营、管理。

 
Article 11 People's governments at the county level shall enter into registration in a register, issue certificates in confirmation of the ownership for the land collectively owned by peasants.   第十一条 农民集体所有的土地,由县级人民政府登记造册,核发证书,确认所有权。

People's governments at the county level shall enter into registration in a register, issue certificates in confirmation of the land use right for construction for land collectively owned by peasants to be used for non-agricultural construction in accordance with law.
 
农民集体所有的土地依法用于非农业建设的,由县级人民政府登记造册,核发证书,确认建设用地使用权。

People's governments at or above the county level shall enter into registration in a register and issue certificates in confirmation of the right to use for state-owned land used by units and individuals in accordance with law; among which the specific registration and certificate-issuing organ for state-owned land used by the Party and state organs shall be determined by the State Council.
 
单位和个人依法使用的国有土地,由县级以上人民政府登记造册,核发证书,确认使用权;其中,中央国家机关使用的国有土地的具体登记发证机关,由国务院确定。

Confirmation of ownership or the right to use of forest land and grassland, confirmation of the right to use for cultivation and breeding of water surface and beaches and shoals shall be handled pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China,the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China and the Fishery Law of the People's Republic of China.
 
确认林地、草原的所有权或者使用权,确认水面、滩涂的养殖使用权,分别依照《中华人民共和国森林法》、《中华人民共和国草原法》和《中华人民共和国渔业法》的有关规定办理。

 
Article 12 Whoever changes land ownership and use in accordance with law should go through formalities of change in registration of land.   第十二条 依法改变土地权属和用途的,应当办理土地变更登记手续。

 
Article 13 The land the ownership and the right to use of which have been registered in accordance with law is protected by law, upon which no unit and individual shall infringe.   第十三条 依法登记的土地的所有权和使用权受法律保护,任何单位和个人不得侵犯。

 
Article 14 Land collectively owned by peasants shall be contracted for management by members of the respective collective economic organization for cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production. The duration of land contracting and management shall be 30 years. The contract issuing party and the contractor should conclude a contract agreeing on the rights and obligations of both parties. Peasants who contract management of the land have the obligation to protect and utilize the land pursuant to the agreement in the contract. Peasants' right to contract land for management is protected by law.   第十四条 农民集体所有的土地由本集体经济组织的成员承包经营,从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产。土地承包经营期限为三十年。发包方和承包方应当订立承包合同,约定双方的权利和义务。承包经营土地的农民有保护和按照承包合同约定的用途合理利用土地的义务。农民的土地承包经营权受法律保护。

Within the duration of land contracting and management, in the event of appropriate adjustment of land contracted among individual contractors, it must have the consent of over two thirds of the members of the villagers' conference or over two thirds of the villagers' representatives, and be submitted to the competent department of agriculture administration of village(township) people's government and people's government at the county level for approval.
 
在土地承包经营期限内,对个别承包经营者之间承包的土地进行适当调整的,必须经村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意,并报乡(镇)人民政府和县级人民政府农业行政主管部门批准。

 
Article 15 State-owned land may be contracted for management by units or individuals for cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production. Land collectively owned by peasants may be contracted and managed by units or individuals other than those in the collective economic organization for cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production. The contract issuing party and the contractor should conclude a contract agreeing on the rights and obligations of both parties. The duration of land contracting and management shall be agreed on in the contract. The units and individuals that contract the land for management have the obligation to protect and rationally utilize the land pursuant to the use agreed on in the contract.   第十五条 国有土地可以由单位或者个人承包经营,从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产。农民集体所有的土地,可以由本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包经营,从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产。发包方和承包方应当订立承包合同,约定双方的权利和义务。土地承包经营的期限由承包合同约定。承包经营土地的单位和个人,有保护和按照承包合同约定的用途合理利用土地的义务。

For land collectively owned by peasants contracted out for management by units or individuals other than those in the respective collective economic organization, it must have the consent of over two thirds of the members of the peasants' conference or over two thirds of the villagers' representatives and be submitted to the village(township) people's government for approval.
 
农民集体所有的土地由本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包经营的,必须经村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意,并报乡(镇)人民政府批准。

 
Article 16 Disputes over land ownership and the right to use shall be resolved by the parties interested through consultation; it shall be handled by the people's government in the event of failure of consultation.   第十六条 土地所有权和使用权争议,由当事人协商解决;协商不成的,由人民政府处理。

Disputes between units shall be handled by people's governments at or above the county level; disputes between individuals and those between an individual and a unit shall be handled by the village-level people's governments or people's governments at or above the county level.
 
单位之间的争议,由县级以上人民政府处理;个人之间、个人与单位之间的争议,由乡级人民政府或者县级以上人民政府处理。

The party interested that refuses to obey the decision on the handling by the people's government concerned may, within 30 days starting from the date of receipt of the notice on the decision on handling, file a suit at a people's court.
 
当事人对有关人民政府的处理决定不服的,可以自接到处理决定通知之日起三十日内,向人民法院起诉。

Neither party shall alter the status of land utilization prior to the resolution of the dispute over the land ownership and the right to use.
 
在土地所有权和使用权争议解决前,任何一方不得改变土地利用现状。

 
Chapter III Overall Planning for Land Utilization 

第三章 土地利用总体规划


 
Article 17 People's governments at all levels should, pursuant to the planning for national socio-economic development, requirements of territorial treatment and resources and environment protection, land supply ability as well as the demand for land for various construction, organize the compilation of overall planning for land utilization.   第十七条 各级人民政府应当依据国民经济和社会发展规划、国土整治和资源环境保护的要求、土地供给能力以及各项建设对土地的需求,组织编制土地利用总体规划。

The duration of planning for overall planning for land utilization shall be determined by the State Council.
 
土地利用总体规划的规划期限由国务院规定。

 
Article 18 The overall planning for land utilization at the lower level shall be compiled pursuant to the overall planning for land utilization at the next higher level.   第十八条 下级土地利用总体规划应当依据上一级土地利用总体规划编制。

The quantum of land for construction in the overall planning for land utilization compiled by local people's governments at all levels shall not exceed the control targets determined in the overall planning for land utilization at the next higher level, and the quantum of preserved cultivated land shall not be lower than the control targets determined by the overall planning for land utilization at the next higher level.
 
地方各级人民政府编制的土地利用总体规划中的建设用地总量不得超过上一级土地利用总体规划确定的控制指标,耕地保有量不得低于上一级土地利用总体规划确定的控制指标。

The overall planning for land utilization compiled by people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should ensure that there is no reduction in the quantum of cultivated land within their respective administrative areas.
 
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府编制的土地利用总体规划,应当确保本行政区域内耕地总量不减少。

 
Article 19 The overall planning for land utilization shall be compiled in accordance with the following principles:   第十九条 土地利用总体规划按照下列原则编制:

 
(1) strict protection of basic farmland, control of occupation of farmland for non-agricultural construction; (一)严格保护基本农田,控制非农业建设占用农用地;

 
(2) improvement of land use rate; (二)提高土地利用率;

 
(3) overall arrangement for land for various purposes and various areas; (三)统筹安排各类、各区域用地;

 
(4) protection and improvement of the ecological environment, and guarantee of sustainable land use; and (四)保护和改善生态环境,保障土地的可持续利用;

 
(5) balance between occupation of cultivated land and development and reclamation of cultivated land. (五)占用耕地与开发复垦耕地相平衡。

 
Article 20 The overall planning for land utilization at the county level should delimit land use zones and define land uses.   第二十条 县级土地利用总体规划应当划分土地利用区,明确土地用途。

Village(township) overall planning for land utilization should delimit land use zones, determine the use of every plot of land on the basis of the conditions for land use and an announcement to the effect shall be made.
 
乡(镇)土地利用总体规划应当划分土地利用区,根据土地使用条件,确定每一块土地的用途,并予以公告。

 
Article 21 Overall planning for land utilization shall be examined and approved by different levels.   第二十一条 土地利用总体规划实行分级审批。

The overall planning for land utilization of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.
 
省、自治区、直辖市的土地利用总体规划,报国务院批准。

The overall planning for land utilization of municipalities wherein the people's governments of the provinces and autonomous regions are located and municipalities of a population of over one million as the municipalities designated by the State Council shall, upon the examination and consent of the people's governments of the provinces and autonomous regions, be submitted to the State Council for approval.
 
省、自治区人民政府所在地的市、人口在一百万以上的城市以及国务院指定的城市的土地利用总体规划,经省、自治区人民政府审查同意后,报国务院批准。

The overall planning for land utilization other than those prescribed in the Second Paragraph and Third Paragraph of this Article shall be submitted level by level to the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval; among which the village(township) overall planning for land utilization may be approved by the people's governments of municipalities and autonomous prefectures with subordinate districts with authorization by the people's governments at the provincial level.
 
本条第二款、第三款规定以外的土地利用总体规划,逐级上报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准;其中,乡(镇)土地利用总体规划可以由省级人民政府授权的设区的市、自治州人民政府批准。

The overall planning for land utilization once approved must be strictly implemented.
 
土地利用总体规划一经批准,必须严格执行。

 
Article 22 The scale of land used for urban construction should meet the standards set by the state, full use of the existing land for construction should be made, and no farmland or as less as possible farmland should be occupied.   第二十二条 城市建设用地规模应当符合国家规定的标准,充分利用现有建设用地,不占或者尽量少占农用地。

Urban overall planning, village and township planning should be coupled with overall planning for land utilization, the scale of land used for construction in urban overall planning, village and township planning must not exceed the scale of land used for urban, village and township construction determined in the overall planning for land utilization.
 
城市总体规划、村庄和集镇规划,应当与土地利用总体规划相衔接,城市总体规划、村庄和集镇规划中建设用地规模不得超过土地利用总体规划确定的城市和村庄、集镇建设用地规模。

Within urban planning zones, village and township planning zones, land used for urban, village and township construction should accord with urban planning and village and township planning.
 
在城市规划区内、村庄和集镇规划区内,城市和村庄、集镇建设用地应当符合城市规划、村庄和集镇规划。

 
Article 23 Planning for integrated harnessing, development and exploitation of rivers and lakes should be coupled with overall planning for land utilization. Within the range of administration and protection of rivers, lakes and reservoirs as well as within flood storage areas and flood detention areas, land utilization should accord with the planning for integrated harnessing, development and exploitation of rivers and lakes, accord with the requirements for flood passage, flood storage and discharge of water in river courses and lakes.   第二十三条 江河、湖泊综合治理和开发利用规划,应当与土地利用总体规划相衔接。在江河、湖泊、水库的管理和保护范围以及蓄洪滞洪区内,土地利用应当符合江河、湖泊综合治理和开发利用规划,符合河道、湖泊行洪、蓄洪和输水的要求。

 
Article 24 People's governments at all levels should strengthen administration of land utilization plan and practise quantum control of land used for construction.   第二十四条 各级人民政府应当加强土地利用计划管理,实行建设用地总量控制。

Annual land use plan shall be compiled pursuant to the national socio-economic development plan, state industrial policies, overall planning for land utilization as well as the actual conditions of land used for construction and land utilization. The annual land use plan, the procedures for the compilation, examination and approval of which are identical to those for the compilation, examination and approval of the overall planning for land utilization, once examined, approved and transmitted to the lower levels, must be strictly adhered to.
 
土地利用年度计划,根据国民经济和社会发展计划、国家产业政策、土地利用总体规划以及建设用地和土地利用的实际状况编制。土地利用年度计划的编制审批程序与土地利用总体规划的编制审批程序相同,一经审批下达,必须严格执行。

 
Article 25 People's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should list the state of implementation of the annual land use plan as content of the state of implementation of the national socio-economic development plan and report to the people's congresses at the corresponding level.   第二十五条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当将土地利用年度计划的执行情况列为国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的内容,向同级人民代表大会报告。

 
Article 26 Revision of the approved overall planning for land utilization must be submitted to the original approval organ for approval; no alteration shall be made in land uses determined in the overall planning for land utilization without approval.   第二十六条 经批准的土地利用总体规划的修改,须经原批准机关批准;未经批准,不得改变土地利用总体规划确定的土地用途。

In case of necessity of alteration in overall planning for land utilization for land for construction of big-size energy, transport and water conservancy infrastructure approved by the State Council, revision of the overall planning for land utilization shall be made pursuant to the approval document of the State Council.
 
经国务院批准的大型能源、交通、水利等基础设施建设用地,需要改变土地利用总体规划的,根据国务院的批准文件修改土地利用总体规划。

In case of necessity of alteration in overall planning for land utilization for land for construction of energy, transport and water conservancy infrastructure approved by people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, where it falls within the authority of approval for the overall planning for land utilization of people's governments at the provincial level, revision of the overall planning for land utilization shall be made pursuant to the approval document of the people's governments at the provincial level.
 
经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准的能源、交通、水利等基础设施建设用地,需要改变土地利用总体规划的,属于省级人民政府土地利用总体规划批准权限内的,根据省级人民政府的批准文件修改土地利用总体规划。

 
Article 27 The state establishes the land survey system.   第二十七条 国家建立土地调查制度。

The competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level shall, in conjunction with the departments concerned at the corresponding level, conduct land survey. Land owners or users should cooperate in the survey and provide relevant materials.
 
县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级有关部门进行土地调查。土地所有者或者使用者应当配合调查,并提供有关资料。

 
Article 28 The competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level shall, in conjunction with the departments concerned at the corresponding level and in pursuance of land survey results, planned land uses and uniform standards set by the state, evaluate the grades of land.   第二十八条 县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级有关部门根据土地调查成果、规划土地用途和国家制定的统一标准,评定土地等级。

 
Article 29 The state establishes land statistics system.   第二十九条 国家建立土地统计制度。

The competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level and the statistics departments at the corresponding level jointly formulate statistical survey schemes, carry our land statistics in accordance with law and publish land statistical information at regular intervals. Land owners or users should provide relevant information and must not make false reports, concealments, refuse to report and delay in report.
 
县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门和同级统计部门共同制定统计调查方案,依法进行土地统计,定期发布土地统计资料。土地所有者或者使用者应当提供有关资料,不得虚报、瞒报、拒报、迟报。

The competent departments' of land administration and statistics departments' jointly published land area statistical information constitute the basis of people's governments at all levels for the compilation of overall planning for land utilization.
 
土地行政主管部门和统计部门共同发布的土地面积统计资料是各级人民政府编制土地利用总体规划的依据。

 
Article 30 The state establishes the national land administration information system for dynamic monitoring of the state of land utilization.   第三十条 国家建立全国土地管理信息系统,对土地利用状况进行动态监测。

 
Chapter IV Cultivated Land Protection 

第四章 耕地保护


 
Article 31 The state protects cultivated land and strictly controls turning cultivated land into non-cultivated land.   第三十一条 国家保护耕地,严格控制耕地转为非耕地。

The state practises the system of compensation for the occupation and use of land. For the occupation and use of cultivated land for non-agricultural construction with approval, the unit that occupies and uses cultivated land shall be responsible for the reclamation of cultivated land equivalent to the quantity and quality of cultivated land occupied and used in accordance with the principle of "quantity of reclaimed land being equivalent to that occupied"; where there are no conditions for reclamation or the reclaimed land does not conform to requirements, cultivated land reclamation fee should be paid as prescribed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the special-purpose fund shall be used for the reclamation of new cultivated land.
 
国家实行占用耕地补偿制度。非农业建设经批准占用耕地的,按照“占多少,垦多少”的原则,由占用耕地的单位负责开垦与所占用耕地的数量和质量相当的耕地;没有条件开垦或者开垦的耕地不符合要求的,应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳耕地开垦费,专款用于开垦新的耕地。

People's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should work out cultivated land reclamation plan, supervise units that occupy and use cultivated land in the reclamation of cultivated land in accordance with the plan or in the organization of reclamation of cultivated land in accordance with the plan and carry out acceptance checks.
 
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当制定开垦耕地计划,监督占用耕地的单位按照计划开垦耕地或者按照计划组织开垦耕地,并进行验收。

 
Article 32 Local people's governments at and above the county level may demand the units that occupy and use cultivated land to use the soil of the cultivated layer of cultivated land for soil improvement of newly reclaimed cultivated land, inferior quality land or other cultivated land.   第三十二条 县级以上地方人民政府可以要求占用耕地的单位将所占用耕地耕作层的土壤用于新开垦耕地、劣质地或者其他耕地的土壤改良。

 
Article 33 People's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should strictly implement the overall planning for land utilization and annual land use plan and take measures to ensure that there is no decrease in the quantum of cultivated land within their respective administrative areas; where there is decrease in the quantum of cultivated land, the locality shall be ordered by the State Council to organize reclamation of cultivated land the quantity and quality of which is equivalent to those reduced within the specified time period, and the competent department of land administration under the State Council shall in conjunction with the competent department of agriculture administration conduct acceptance checks. Individual province or municipality directly under the Central Government whose quantum of newly reclaimed cultivated land is not adequate to compensate the quantum of cultivated land occupied and used after land used for newly added construction for paucity of reserve land resources, a report must be submitted to the State Council for approval for the reduction and exemption of the quantity of reclamation of cultivated land within the respective administrative area and reclamation be carried out in another place.   第三十三条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当严格执行土地利用总体规划和土地利用年度计划,采取措施,确保本行政区域内耕地总量不减少;耕地总量减少的,由国务院责令在规定期限内组织开垦与所减少耕地的数量与质量相当的耕地,并由国务院土地行政主管部门会同农业行政主管部门验收。个别省、直辖市确因土地后备资源匮乏,新增建设用地后,新开垦耕地的数量不足以补偿所占用耕地的数量的,必须报经国务院批准减免本行政区域内开垦耕地的数量,进行易地开垦。

 
Article 34 The state practises the system of protection for basic farmland. The following cultivated land shall be included in the basic farmland protection zones in accordance with the overall planning for land utilization and strict administration exercised:   第三十四条 国家实行基本农田保护制度。下列耕地应当根据土地利用总体规划划入基本农田保护区,严格管理:

 
(1) cultivated land within production bases for food grains, cotton and oils determined upon approval by the competent departments concerned under the State Council or local people's governments at and above the county level; (一)经国务院有关主管部门或者县级以上地方人民政府批准确定的粮、棉、油生产基地内的耕地;

 
(2) cultivated land with good water conservancy and water and soil conservation works, medium and low yield farmland the transformation plan of which is being carried out as well as those that may be transformed; (二)有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地,正在实施改造计划以及可以改造的中、低产田;

 
(3) production bases for vegetables; (三)蔬菜生产基地;

 
(4) experimental plots for agricultural scientific research and teaching; and (四)农业科研、教学试验田;

 
(5) other cultivated land that should be included in basic farmland protection zones as prescribed by the State Council. (五)国务院规定应当划入基本农田保护区的其他耕地。

The basic farmland delimited by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should account for over eighty percent of the cultivated land within the respective administrative areas.
 
各省、自治区、直辖市划定的基本农田应当占本行政区域内耕地的百分之八十以上。

A basic farmland protection zone shall be delimited and demarcated with a village(township) as a unit, the delimitation of a zone and demarcation of the boundary shall be organized and carried out by the competent department of people's government at the county level in conjunction with the competent department of agriculture administration at the same level.
 
基本农田保护区以乡(镇)为单位进行划区定界,由县级人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级农业行政主管部门组织实施。

 
Article 35 People's governments at all levels should take measures to maintain irrigation and drainage works, improve soil and soil fertility, prevent land desertification, salinization, water and soil erosion and land pollution.   第三十五条 各级人民政府应当采取措施,维护排灌工程设施,改良土壤,提高地力,防止土地荒漠化、盐渍化、水土流失和污染土地。

 
Article 36 Economy in land use must be practised for non-agricultural construction, no cultivated land shall be occupied and used where barren land can be used; no good land shall be occupied and used where inferior land can be used.   第三十六条 非农业建设必须节约使用土地,可以利用荒地的,不得占用耕地;可以利用劣地的,不得占用好地。

Occupation and use of cultivated land for setting up kilns, building tombs or building of houses, sand digging, quarrying, mining and earth gathering on cultivated land without authorization shall be prohibited.
 
禁止占用耕地建窑、建坟或者擅自在耕地上建房、挖砂、采石、采矿、取土等。

Occupation and use of basic farmland for the development of forestry and fruit industry and digging of ponds for fish breeding shall be prohibited.
 
禁止占用基本农田发展林果业和挖塘养鱼。

 
Article 37 All units and individuals shall be prohibited to let cultivated land lie idle or make it barren. The cultivated land occupied and used for non-agricultural construction the formalities of examination and approval of which have been completed which has been left unused within a year but may be cultivated and harvested should be recultivated by the collective or individuals that previously cultivated the said plot of cultivated land, and cultivation may be organized by the land use unit; where construction has not been started for over a year, idle fee should be paid in accordance with the provisions of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; where the land has not been used for two consecutive years, the people's government at the county level shall, subject to the approval of the original approval organ, withdraws the land use right of the land use unit without compensation; the said plot of land previously collectively owned by peasants should be handed back to the original rural collective economic organization for resumption of cultivation.   第三十七条 禁止任何单位和个人闲置、荒芜耕地。已经办理审批手续的非农业建设占用耕地,一年内不用而又可以耕种并收获的,应当由原耕种该幅耕地的集体或者个人恢复耕种,也可以由用地单位组织耕种;一年以上未动工建设的,应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费;连续二年未使用的,经原批准机关批准,由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权;该幅土地原为农民集体所有的,应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种。

Idle land the land use right of which has been obtained in the form of transfer for real estate development within the range of an urban planning zone shall be handled in pursuance of the relevant provisions of the ((Urban Real Estate Administration Law of the People's Republic of China)).
 
在城市规划区范围内,以出让方式取得土地使用权进行房地产开发的闲置土地,依照《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》的有关规定办理。

For a unit or an individual contracting the management of cultivated land that let the land uncultivated and lie barren, the original contract issuing unit should terminate the contract and withdraw the cultivated land contracted.
 
承包经营耕地的单位或者个人连续二年弃耕抛荒的,原发包单位应当终止承包合同,收回发包的耕地。

 
Article 38 The state encourages units and individuals in the development of unexploited land in accordance with the overall planning for land utilization and under the prerequisite of protection and improvement of the ecological environment, prevention of water and soil erosion and land desertification; the land suitable to be developed into agricultural land should be developed into agricultural land on a priority basis.   第三十八条 国家鼓励单位和个人按照土地利用总体规划,在保护和改善生态环境、防止水土流失和土地荒漠化的前提下,开发未利用的土地;适宜开发为农用地的,应当优先开发成农用地。

The state protects the legitimate rights and interests of developers in accordance with law.
 
国家依法保护开发者的合法权益。

 
Article 39 Reclamation of unexploited land must undergo scientific authentication and evaluation and it must be carried out within the reclaimable areas delimited in the overall planning for land utilization upon approval in accordance with law. Reclamation of cultivated land through destruction of forests and prairie shall be prohibited, reclaiming farmland from lakes and infringement on shoals of rivers shall be prohibited.   第三十九条 开垦未利用的土地,必须经过科学论证和评估,在土地利用总体规划划定的可开垦的区域内,经依法批准后进行。禁止毁坏森林、草原开垦耕地,禁止围湖造田和侵占江河滩地。

The land reclaimed and land reclaimed from lakes with the destruction of the ecological environment shall, in accordance with the overall planning for land utilization, be returned to forests, grazing and lakes in a planned way and step by step.
 
根据土地利用总体规划,对破坏生态环境开垦、围垦的土地,有计划有步骤地退耕还林、还牧、还湖。

 
Article 40 Development of state-owned barren hills, barren land and barren shoals the right to use of which is undetermined for cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production may, subject to approval by people's government at or above the county level, be determined and given to development units or individuals for long-term use.   第四十条 开发未确定使用权的国有荒山、荒地、荒滩从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产的,经县级以上人民政府依法批准,可以确定给开发单位或者个人长期使用。

 
Article 41 The state encourages land arrangement. County, village(township) people's governments should organize rural collective economic organizations in integrated treatment of farmland, water, roads, woods and villages in accordance with the overall planning for land utilization to improve the quality of cultivated land, increase the area of effective cultivated land and improve conditions for agricultural production and the ecological environment.   第四十一条 国家鼓励土地整理。县、乡(镇)人民政府应当组织农村集体经济组织,按照土地利用总体规划,对田、水、路、林、村综合整治,提高耕地质量,增加有效耕地面积,改善农业生产条件和生态环境。

Local people's governments at all levels should take measures to transform the medium and low yield plots, treat idle and scattered plots and abandoned plots.
 
地方各级人民政府应当采取措施,改造中、低产田,整治闲散地和废弃地。

 
Article 42 For destruction of land caused by damage due to digging, caving in and pressurized occupation, the land use unit and individual should, in accordance with relevant state provisions, be responsible for the reclamation; where there are no conditions for reclamation or reclamation does not conform to requirements, land reclamation fee should be paid to be used specifically for land reclamation. The reclaimed land should be used for agriculture on a priority basis.   第四十二条 因挖损、塌陷、压占等造成土地破坏,用地单位和个人应当按照国家有关规定负责复垦;没有条件复垦或者复垦不符合要求的,应当缴纳土地复垦费,专项用于土地复垦。复垦的土地应当优先用于农业。

 
Chapter V Land for Construction 

第五章 建设用地


 
Article 43 Any unit or individual that needs to use land for construction must apply for the use of state-owned land in accordance with law; however, use of land collectively owned by peasants by the respective collective economic organization approved in accordance with law for the establishment of rural and township enterprises and construction of residences by villagers, or use of land collectively owned by peasants approved in accordance with law for the construction of village(township)public facilities and non-profit undertakings is excluded.   第四十三条 任何单位和个人进行建设,需要使用土地的,必须依法申请使用国有土地;但是,兴办乡镇企业和村民建设住宅经依法批准使用本集体经济组织农民集体所有的土地的,或者乡(镇)村公共设施和公益事业建设经依法批准使用农民集体所有的土地的除外。

Application for the use of state-owned land in accordance with law referred to in the preceding paragraph includes the state-owned land and the land that originally belonged to collective ownership by peasants and has been requisitioned by the state.
 
前款所称依法申请使用的国有土地包括国家所有的土地和国家征用的原属于农民集体所有的土地。

 
Article 44 For occupation and use of land for construction involving turning agricultural land into land for construction, formalities of examination and approval for turning agricultural land into other uses should be completed.   第四十四条 建设占用土地,涉及农用地转为建设用地的,应当办理农用地转用审批手续。

Occupation and use of land involving turning agricultural land into land for construction for construction projects of roads, pipelines, cables and big-size infrastructure approved by people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and construction projects approved by the State Council shall be subject to the approval of the State Council.
 
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准的道路、管线工程和大型基础设施建设项目、国务院批准的建设项目占用土地,涉及农用地转为建设用地的,由国务院批准。

Turning agricultural land into land for construction for the implementation of the said planning within the scale of land for construction for municipalities and villages and townships determined by the overall planning for land utilization shall be subject to the approval of the organ that originally approved the overall planning for land utilization in batches in accordance with the annual land use plan. Within the scope of agricultural land turning into other uses already approved, land for specific construction projects can be approved by municipal and county people's governments.
 
在土地利用总体规划确定的城市和村庄、集镇建设用地规模范围内,为实施该规划而将农用地转为建设用地的,按土地利用年度计划分批次由原批准土地利用总体规划的机关批准。在已批准的农用地转用范围内,具体建设项目用地可以由市、县人民政府批准。

Occupation and use of land involving turning agricultural land into land for construction for construction projects other than those prescribed in the Second Paragraph and Third Paragraph of this Article shall be subject to the approval of people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
 
本条第二款、第三款规定以外的建设项目占用土地,涉及农用地转为建设用地的,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准。

 
Article 45 Requisition of the following land shall be subject to the approval of the State Council:   第四十五条 征用下列土地的,由国务院批准:

 
(1) basic farmland; (一)基本农田;

 
(2) cultivated land other than the basic farmland exceeding 35 hectares; and (二)基本农田以外的耕地超过三十五公顷的;

 
(3) other land exceeding 70 hectares. (三)其他土地超过七十公顷的。

Requisition of land other than those prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the approval of people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and submitted to the State Council for the record.
 
征用前款规定以外的土地的,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准,并报国务院备案。

For the requisition of agricultural land, formalities of examination and approval for turning agricultural land into other uses should be completed beforehand in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of this Law. Among which, for agricultural land turned into other use approved by the State Council, formalities for examination and approval for land requisition shall be processed simultaneously, and no separate formalities of examination and approval shall be gone through; for agricultural land turned into other uses approved by people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government within the limits of authority for the approval of land requisition, formalities for examination and approval of land requisition shall be processed simultaneously, and no separate formalities of examination and approval for land requisition shall be gone through, where it is beyond the limits of authority for the approval of land requisition, separate formalities of examination and approval of land requisition should be completed pursuant to the provisions of the First Paragraph of this Article.
 
征用农用地的,应当依照本法第四十四条的规定先行办理农用地转用审批。其中,经国务院批准农用地转用的,同时办理征地审批手续,不再另行办理征地审批;经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府在征地批准权限内批准农用地转用的,同时办理征地审批手续,不再另行办理征地审批,超过征地批准权限的,应当依照本条第一款的规定另行办理征地审批。

 
Article 46 For land requisitioned by the state, local people's governments at or above the county level shall, upon approval pursuant to legal procedures, make an announcement and and organize its implementation. Owners and persons of the right to use of the requisitioned land should, within the specified time period of the announcement, bring the ownership certificates to the competent departments of the local people's governments to enter into registration for compensation for land requisition.   第四十六条 国家征用土地的,依照法定程序批准后,由县级以上地方人民政府予以公告并组织实施。

 
被征用土地的所有权人、使用权人应当在公告规定期限内,持土地权属证书到当地人民政府土地行政主管部门办理征地补偿登记。

 
Article 47 For requisition of land, compensation shall be given in accordance with the original use of the requisitioned land.   第四十七条 征用土地的,按照被征用土地的原用途给予补偿。

Compensation fee for the cultivated land requisitioned include land compensation fee, subsidy for resettlement as well as compensation fee for ground appendixes and young crops. Land compensation fee for the cultivated land requisitioned shall be six to ten times of the average annual output value in the three years prior to requisition. Subsidy for resettlement for the cultivated land requisitioned shall be calculated on the basis of the agricultural population that requires resettlement. The agricultural population that requires resettlement shall be calculated on the basis of the amount of cultivated land requisitioned divided by the average per capita occupancy of cultivated land of the unit requisitioned. The rate of subsidy for resettlement per head of the agricultural population that requires resettlement shall be four to six times of the average annual output value in the three years prior to requisition of the said cultivated land. However, the maximum subsidy for resettlement for cultivated land requisitioned per hectare shall not exceed fifteen times of the average annual output value in the three years prior to the requisition.
 
征用耕地的补偿费用包括土地补偿费、安置补助费以及地上附着物和青苗的补偿费。征用耕地的土地补偿费,为该耕地被征用前三年平均年产值的六至十倍。征用耕地的安置补助费,按照需要安置的农业人口数计算。需要安置的农业人口数,按照被征用的耕地数量除以征地前被征用单位平均每人占有耕地的数量计算。每一个需要安置的农业人口的安置补助费标准,为该耕地被征用前三年平均年产值的四至六倍。但是,每公顷被征用耕地的安置补助费,最高不得超过被征用前三年平均年产值的十五倍。

The rate of land compensation fee and subsidy for resettlement for the requisition of other lands shall be fixed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, taking the rate of land compensation fee and subsidy for resettlement for the requisition of cultivated land as reference.
 
征用其他土地的土地补偿费和安置补助费标准,由省、自治区、直辖市参照征用耕地的土地补偿费和安置补助费的标准规定。

Rate of compensation for ground appendixes and young crops on the requisitioned land shall be fixed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
 
被征用土地上的附着物和青苗的补偿标准,由省、自治区、直辖市规定。

For requisition of suburban vegetable plots of municipalities, the land use unit should, pursuant to relevant state provisions, pay to the new vegetable plot development and construction fund.
 
征用城市郊区的菜地,用地单位应当按照国家有关规定缴纳新菜地开发建设基金。

Additional subsidy for resettlement may be provided for those peasants who require resettlement and cannot maintain their original living standards on the basis of land compensation fee and subsidy for resettlement the payment of which is effected pursuant to the provisions of the Second Paragraph of this Article subject to the approval of people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. However, the total of land compensation fee and subsidy for resettlement shall not exceed thirty times of the average annual output value in the three years prior to requisition of the land.
 
依照本条第二款的规定支付土地补偿费和安置补助费,尚不能使需要安置的农民保持原有生活水平的,经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准,可以增加安置补助费。但是,土地补偿费和安置补助费的总和不得超过土地被征用前三年平均年产值的三十倍。

The State Council may, in accordance with the level of socio-economic level, increase the rate of land compensation fee and subsidy for resettlement under extraordinary circumstances.
 
国务院根据社会、经济发展水平,在特殊情况下,可以提高征用耕地的土地补偿费和安置补助费的标准。

 
Article 48 Upon determination of the scheme for compensation and resettlement for land requisition, the local people's government concerned should make an announcement and seek the views of the rural collective economic organization and peasants of the requisitioned land.   第四十八条 征地补偿安置方案确定后,有关地方人民政府应当公告,并听取被征地的农村集体经济组织和农民的意见。

 
Article 49 The rural collective economic organization of the requisitioned land should publish the revenue and expenditure of the compensation fee of the requisitioned land for the members of the respective collective economic organization and accept supervision.   第四十九条 被征地的农村集体经济组织应当将征用土地的补偿费用的收支状况向本集体经济组织的成员公布,接受监督。

It is forbidden to embezzle or divert the land compensation fees and other related expenses.
 
禁止侵占、挪用被征用土地单位的征地补偿费用和其他有关费用。

 
Article 50 Local people's governments at all levels should provide support for rural collective economic organizations and peasants of the requisitioned land for development and management and establishment of enterprises.   第五十条 地方各级人民政府应当支持被征地的农村集体经济组织和农民从事开发经营,兴办企业。

 
Article 51 Rate of compensation for land requisitioned for construction of big- and medium-size water conservancy works and hydropower projects shall be fixed and measures for emigrant resettlement formulated separately by the State Council.   第五十一条 大中型水利、水电工程建设征用土地的补偿费标准和移民安置办法,由国务院另行规定。

 
Article 52 The competent department of land administration may, during the feasibility study and authentication of a construction project, examine the matters related to the land for construction and put forth suggestions in accordance with the overall planning for land utilization, the annual land use plan and standards for land for construction.   第五十二条 建设项目可行性研究论证时,土地行政主管部门可以根据土地利用总体规划、土地利用年度计划和建设用地标准,对建设用地有关事项进行审查,并提出意见。

 
Article 53 For an approved construction project that needs to use state-owned land for construction, the construction unit should bring the relevant documents prescribed by laws and regulations and file an application at the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level that has the authority of approval which shall be submitted to the people's government at the corresponding level for approval upon examination by the competent department of land administration.   第五十三条 经批准的建设项目需要使用国有建设用地的,建设单位应当持法律、行政法规规定的有关文件,向有批准权的县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门提出建设用地申请,经土地行政主管部门审查,报本级人民政府批准。

 
Article 54 Use of state-owned land for a construction project should be obtained in the form of paid-for use such as transfer; however, the following use of land for construction may be obtained in the form of appropriation subject to the approval of the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with law:   第五十四条 建设单位使用国有土地,应当以出让等有偿使用方式取得;但是,下列建设用地,经县级以上人民政府依法批准,可以以划拨方式取得:

 
(1) land use by state organs and land use for military purposes; (一)国家机关用地和军事用地;

 
(2) land use for urban infrastructure and land use for non-profit undertakings; (二)城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地;

 
(3) land use for such infrastructure as energy, communications and water conservancy to which the state renders key support; and (三)国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等基础设施用地;

 
(4) other land uses prescribed by laws and administrative regulations. (四)法律、行政法规规定的其他用地。

 
Article 55 A construction unit with the obtainment of land use right of state-owned land in the form of paid-for use such as transfer may use the land only upon the payment of fee for paid-for land use and other fees such as land use right transfer fund in accordance with the standards and measures prescribed by the State Council.   第五十五条 以出让等有偿使用方式取得国有土地使用权的建设单位,按照国务院规定的标准和办法,缴纳土地使用权出让金等土地有偿使用费和其他费用后,方可使用土地。

As of the date of coming into effect of this Law, of the paid-for land use fee of newly-added land for construction, 30% shall be handed over to the central finance and 70% shall be retained by the local people's government concerned, and both shall be used specifically for the development of cultivated land.
 
自本法施行之日起,新增建设用地的土地有偿使用费,百分之三十上缴中央财政,百分之七十留给有关地方人民政府,都专项用于耕地开发。

 
Article 56 A construction unit that uses state-owned land should use the land in accordance with the agreement in the contract for paid-for use for the transfer of land use right or the provisions of the approval document on the appropriation of land use right; where change in the use for construction of the said plot of land is necessitated, it should be subjected to the consent of the competent department of the people's government concerned and submitted to the people's government that originally approved the land use for approval. Among them, for change in the use of land within an urban planning zone, consent of the competent department of urban planning should be sought first prior to submission for approval.   第五十六条 建设单位使用国有土地的,应当按照土地使用权出让等有偿使用合同的约定或者土地使用权划拨批准文件的规定使用土地;确需改变该幅土地建设用途的,应当经有关人民政府土地行政主管部门同意,报原批准用地的人民政府批准。其中,在城市规划区内改变土地用途的,在报批前,应当先经有关城市规划行政主管部门同意。

 
Article 57 Construction of a construction project and geological survey that need to temporarily use state-owned land or land collectively owned by peasants, it shall be subject to the approval of the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level. Among which, for temporary use of land within an urban planning zone, consent of the competent department of urban planning should be sought first prior to submission for approval. The land user should conclude a contract for the temporary use of the land with the competent department of land administration concerned or the rural collective economic organization and villagers' committee in accordance with the ownership of the land, and effect the payment of compensation fee for the temporary use of the land.   第五十七条 建设项目施工和地质勘查需要临时使用国有土地或者农民集体所有的土地的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门批准。其中,在城市规划区内的临时用地,在报批前,应当先经有关城市规划行政主管部门同意。土地使用者应当根据土地权属,与有关土地行政主管部门或者农村集体经济组织、村民委员会签订临时使用土地合同,并按照合同的约定支付临时使用土地补偿费。

User of temporary use of the land should use the land according to the use agreed on in the contract for the temporary use of the land and shall not construct permanent constructions thereon.
 
临时使用土地的使用者应当按照临时使用土地合同约定的用途使用土地,并不得修建永久性建筑物。

The duration of temporary use of land shall generally not exceed two years.
 
临时使用土地期限一般不超过二年。

 
Article 58 The right to use of state-owned land may, subject to the approval of the people's government that originally approved the use of land or the people's government with authority of approval upon submission by the competent department of land administration of the people's government concerned, be withdrawn for any of the following circumstances:   第五十八条 有下列情形之一的,由有关人民政府土地行政主管部门报经原批准用地的人民政府或者有批准权的人民政府批准,可以收回国有土地使用权:

 
(1) land use required for public interest; (一)为公共利益需要使用土地的;

 
(2) adjustment in land use necessitated by reconstruction of old urban districts in implementing urban planning; (二)为实施城市规划进行旧城区改建,需要调整使用土地的;

 
(3) failure of the land user to apply for extension or failure of obtaining approval for the application for extension on expiry of the duration of use agreed on in the contract for paid-for use in land transfer; (三)土地出让等有偿使用合同约定的使用期限届满,土地使用者未申请续期或者申请续期未获批准的;

 
(4) stoppage of the use of state-owned land previously appropriated as a result of disbandment or moving of the unit; and (四)因单位撤销、迁移等原因,停止使用原划拨的国有土地的;

 
(5) highways, railways, airports and mines phased out upon verification and approval. (五)公路、铁路、机场、矿场等经核准报废的。

For withdrawal of the right to use of state-owned land pursuant to the First Section and Second Section of the preceding paragraph, appropriate compensation should be given to the land use right holder.
 
依照前款第(一)项、第(二)项的规定收回国有土地使用权的,对土地使用权人应当给予适当补偿。

 
Article 59 Rural(township) construction such as rural and township enterprises, rural(township) public facilities, non-profit undertakings, and villagers' residences should, in accordance with village and township planning, have a rational layout, integrated development and matching construction; land for construction should conform to the rural(township)overall planning for land utilization and annual land use plan and formalities of examination and approval should be completed pursuant to the provisions of Articles 44, 60, 61, and 62 of this Law.   第五十九条 乡镇企业、乡(镇)村公共设施、公益事业、农村村民住宅等乡(镇)村建设,应当按照村庄和集镇规划,合理布局,综合开发,配套建设;建设用地,应当符合乡(镇)土地利用总体规划和土地利用年度计划,并依照本法第四十四条、第六十条、第六十一条、第六十二条的规定办理审批手续。

 
Article 60 For the establishment of an enterprise using the land for construction determined by the overall planning for rural(township) land utilization by a rural collective economic organization or joint establishment of an enterprise with other units and individuals in the form of equity participation of land use right and joint operations, an application should be filed at the competent department of land administration of the local people's government at or above the county level with the approval document which shall be subject to the approval of local people's government at or above the county level pursuant to the limits of authority of approval prescribed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; among them, for cases involving occupation and use of agricultural land, formalities of examination and approval shall be completed pursuant to the provisions of Article 44 of this Law.   第六十条 农村集体经济组织使用乡(镇)土地利用总体规划确定的建设用地兴办企业或者与其他单位、个人以土地使用权入股、联营等形式共同举办企业的,应当持有关批准文件,向县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门提出申请,按照省、自治区、直辖市规定的批准权限,由县级以上地方人民政府批准;其中,涉及占用农用地的,依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批手续。

Land for construction for the establishment of enterprises pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph must be strictly controlled. The provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with the different trades and management scale of rural and township enterprises, provide respectively for the standards for land use.
 
按照前款规定兴办企业的建设用地,必须严格控制。省、自治区、直辖市可以按照乡镇企业的不同行业和经营规模,分别规定用地标准。

 
Article 61 For land use required for the construction of rural(township)public facilities and non-profit undertakings, an application shall be filed at the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level upon examination and verification by the village(township) people's government and subject to the approval of the local people's government at or above the county level pursuant to the limits of authority of approval prescribed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; among them, for cases involving use of agricultural land, formalities of examination and approval shall be completed pursuant to the provisions of Article 44 of this Law.   第六十一条 乡(镇)村公共设施、公益事业建设,需要使用土地的,经乡(镇)人民政府审核,向县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门提出申请,按照省、自治区、直辖市规定的批准权限,由县级以上地方人民政府批准;其中,涉及占用农用地的,依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批手续。

 
Article 62 One household of villagers in a rural area can only possess one house site the area of which shall not exceed the standards prescribed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.   第六十二条 农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地,其宅基地的面积不得超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准。

Construction of villagers' residences in the rural areas should conform to the overall planning for rural(township) land utilization, and the best possible use of original house sites and idle land in the villages should be made.
 
农村村民建住宅,应当符合乡(镇)土地利用总体规划,并尽量使用原有的宅基地和村内空闲地。

Land use for villagers' residences in the rural areas shall be subject to the approval of the people's government at the county level upon examination and verification by the village(township) people's government; among them, for cases involving occupation and use of agricultural land, formalities of examination and approval shall be completed pursuant to the provisions of Article 44 of this Law.
 
农村村民住宅用地,经乡(镇)人民政府审核,由县级人民政府批准;其中,涉及占用农用地的,依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批手续。

Reapplication for a house site by a villager in a rural area who has sold or rented out his/her house shall not be approved.
 
农村村民出卖、出租住房后,再申请宅基地的,不予批准。

 
Article 63 The right to use of land collectively owned by peasants shall not be transferred, retransferred or rented out for non-agricultural construction; however, enterprises that obtained land for construction in accordance with law and conforming to the overall planning for land utilization where occurrences of transfer of land use right have been brought about by such circumstances as bankruptcy and merger are excluded.   第六十三条 农民集体所有的土地的使用权不得出让、转让或者出租用于非农业建设;但是,符合土地利用总体规划并依法取得建设用地的企业,因破产、兼并等情形致使土地使用权依法发生转移的除外。

 
Article 64 Constructions and structures completed prior to the formulation of the overall planning for land utilization that fail to conform to the uses determined by the overall planning for land utilization shall not be reconstructed and expanded.   第六十四条 在土地利用总体规划制定前已建的不符合土地利用总体规划确定的用途的建筑物、构筑物,不得重建、扩建。

 
Article 65 A rural collective economic organization may, subject to the approval of the people's government that previously approved the land use, withdraw the land use right for any of the following circumstances:   第六十五条 有下列情形之一的,农村集体经济组织报经原批准用地的人民政府批准,可以收回土地使用权:

 
(1) land use required for the construction of rural(township) public facilities and non-profit undertakings; (一)为乡(镇)村公共设施和公益事业建设,需要使用土地的;

 
(2) use of land not in accordance with the use approved; and (二)不按照批准的用途使用土地的;

 
(3) stoppage of the use of the land due to reasons such as disbandment and moving. (三)因撤销、迁移等原因而停止使用土地的。

For withdrawal of land collectively owned by peasants pursuant to the provisions of the First Section of the preceding paragraph, appropriate compensation shall be given to the land use right holder.
 
依照前款第(一)项规定收回农民集体所有的土地的,对土地使用权人应当给予适当补偿。

 
Chapter VI Supervision and Inspection 

第六章 监督检查


 
Article 66 Competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level shall conduct supervision and inspection over acts in violation of the laws and regulations on land administration.   第六十六条 县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门对违反土地管理法律、法规的行为进行监督检查。

Functionaries of supervision and inspection of land administration should be conversant with land administration laws and regulation, faithful in the discharge of duties and impartial in law enforcement.
 
土地管理监督检查人员应当熟悉土地管理法律、法规,忠于职守、秉公执法。

 
Article 67 Competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level have, in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities of supervision and inspection, the power to take the following measures:   第六十七条 县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门履行监督检查职责时,有权采取下列措施:

 
(1) to demand the unit or individual under inspection to provide documents and materials concerning land right for reading or copying; (一)要求被检查的单位或者个人提供有关土地权利的文件和资料,进行查阅或者予以复制;

 
(2) to demand the unit or individual under inspection to make explanations concerning questions relating to land right; (二)要求被检查的单位或者个人就有关土地权利的问题作出说明;

 
(3) to enter the site illegally occupied and used by the unit or individual under inspection for a survey; and (三)进入被检查单位或者个人非法占用的土地现场进行勘测;

 
(4) to order the unit or individual illegally occupying and using the land to stop acts in violation of land administration laws and regulations. (四)责令非法占用土地的单位或者个人停止违反土地管理法律、法规的行为。

 
Article 68 Functionaries of land administration supervision and inspection should, in fulfilling duties and responsibilities, deem it necessary to enter a site for survey, demand the unit or individual concerned to provide documents and materials and make explanations, produce identification papers for land administration supervision and inspection.   第六十八条 土地管理监督检查人员履行职责,需要进入现场进行勘测、要求有关单位或者个人提供文件、资料和作出说明的,应当出示土地管理监督检查证件。

 
Article 69 Units and individuals concerned should support, cooperate with and facilitate the supervision and inspection conducted by competent departments of land administration of the people's governments at or above the county level on illegal acts related to land and must not refuse and obstruct functionaries of land administration supervision and inspection in the discharge of duties according to law.   第六十九条 有关单位和个人对县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门就土地违法行为进行的监督检查应当支持与配合,并提供工作方便,不得拒绝与阻碍土地管理监督检查人员依法执行职务。

 
Article 70 Competent departments of land administration of the people's governments at and above the county level should, upon uncovering of illegal acts by state functionaries in the work of supervision and inspection who should be imposed administrative sanctions, handle the case(s) according to law; when the department has no power to handle the case(s), a proposal for administrative sanctions shall be submitted to the administrative oversight organ of the people's government at the corresponding level or at the next higher level, and the administrative oversight organ concerned should handle the case(s) according to law.   第七十条 县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门在监督检查工作中发现国家工作人员的违法行为,依法应当给予行政处分的,应当依法予以处理;自己无权处理的,应当向同级或者上级人民政府的行政监察机关提出行政处分建议书,有关行政监察机关应当依法予以处理。

 
Article 71 Competent departments of land administration of people's governments at and above the county level should, on uncovering of illegal acts related to land that constitute a crime in the work of supervision and inspection, transfer the case(s) to the organ concerned for investigation of criminal liability according to law; where a crime has not been constituted, administrative penalty should be imposed according to law.   第七十一条 县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门在监督检查工作中发现土地违法行为构成犯罪的,应当将案件移送有关机关,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,应当依法给予行政处罚。

 
Article 72 Where an administrative penalty should be imposed pursuant to the provisions of this Law and the competent department of land administration has failed to impose the administrative penalty, the competent department of land administration of the people's government at the next higher level has the power to order the competent department of land administration to take a decision on the administrative penalty or directly impose the administrative penalty, and impose administrative sanctions on the person in charge of the competent department of land administration concerned.   第七十二条 依照本法规定应当给予行政处罚,而有关土地行政主管部门不给予行政处罚的,上级人民政府土地行政主管部门有权责令有关土地行政主管部门作出行政处罚决定或者直接给予行政处罚,并给予有关土地行政主管部门的负责人行政处分。

 
Chapter VII Legal Liability 

第七章 法律责任


 
Article 73 Whoever illegally transfers land by buying and selling or in other forms shall be confiscated of the illegal gains by the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level; whoever turns agricultural land into land for construction without authorization in violation of the overall planning for land utilization shall be given a specified time period to dismantle the newly-built constructions and other facilities on the illegally transferred land and restore the original state of the land, where it conforms to the overall planning for land utilization, the newly-built constructions and other facilities on the illegally transferred land shall be confiscated; and may concurrently be imposed a fine; the person-in-charge directly responsible and other personnel directly responsible shall be imposed administrative sanctions according to law; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.   第七十三条 买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门没收违法所得;对违反土地利用总体规划擅自将农用地改为建设用地的,限期拆除在非法转让的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施,恢复土地原状,对符合土地利用总体规划的,没收在非法转让的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施;可以并处罚款;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 74 Whoever occupies and uses cultivated land for building kiln(s) and tomb(s) or building house(s), digging sand, quarrying, mining and gathering earth on cultivated land without authorization, destroying conditions for cultivation or resulting in desertification and salinization of the land due to land development in violation of the provisions of this Law, shall be ordered by the competent department of the people's government at or above the county level to make a rectification or effect treatment within the specified time period, and may concurrently be imposed a fine; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.   第七十四条 违反本法规定,占用耕地建窑、建坟或者擅自在耕地上建房、挖砂、采石、采矿、取土等,破坏种植条件的,或者因开发土地造成土地荒漠化、盐渍化的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令限期改正或者治理,可以并处罚款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

 
Article 75 Whoever refuses to fulfil the obligation of land reclamation in violation of the provisions of this Law shall be ordered by the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level to make a rectification within the specified time period; whoever fails to make a rectification on expiry of the specified time period shall be ordered to pay the reclamation fee to be used specifically for land reclamation, and may be imposed a fine.   第七十五条 违反本法规定,拒不履行土地复垦义务的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,责令缴纳复垦费,专项用于土地复垦,可以处以罚款。

 
Article 76 Whoever illegally occupies and uses land without approval or obtains approval by deceitful means shall be ordered by the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level to return the illegally occupied and used land, whoever turns agricultural land into land for construction without authorization in violation of the overall planning for land utilization shall be given a specified time period to dismantle the newly-built constructions and other facilities on the illegally occupied and used land and restore the original state of the land, where it conforms to the overall planning for land utilization, the newly-built constructions and other facilities on the illegally occupied and used land shall be confiscated and may concurrently be imposed a fine; administrative sanctions shall be imposed according to law on the person-in-charge directly responsible and other personnel directly responsible of the unit that illegally occupies and uses the land; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.   第七十六条 未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准,非法占用土地的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令退还非法占用的土地,对违反土地利用总体规划擅自将农用地改为建设用地的,限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施,恢复土地原状,对符合土地利用总体规划的,没收在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施,可以并处罚款;对非法占用土地单位的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

For occupation and use of land exceeding the approved amount, the land thus occupied shall be construed and handled as illegally occupied and used land.
 
超过批准的数量占用土地,多占的土地以非法占用土地论处。

 
Article 77 Villagers in rural areas who illegally occupy and use land for building residences without approval or obtain approval by deceitful means shall be ordered by the competent departments of people's governments at or above the county level to return the illegally occupied and used land, and dismantle the newly-built houses on the illegally occupied and used land within the specified time period.   第七十七条 农村村民未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准,非法占用土地建住宅的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令退还非法占用的土地,限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的房屋。

The land occupied exceeding the standards set by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be construed and handled as illegally occupied and used land.
 
超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准,多占的土地以非法占用土地论处。

 
Article 78 Units or individuals without power to approve requisition and use of land that illegally approve occupation and use of land, those that illegally approve occupation and use of land exceeding the limits of authority of approval, those that approve land use not in conformity with the uses determined by the overall planning for land utilization, or those that approve occupation and requisition of land in contravention of the legal procedures, their approval documents shall be null and void, the persons-in-charge directly responsible and other personnel directly responsible who illegally approve requisition and use of land shall be imposed administrative sanctions according to law; where a crime has been constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law. The illegally approved and used land should be taken back, the party interested that refuses to return the land shall be construed and handled as illegal occupation and use of land.   第七十八条 无权批准征用、使用土地的单位或者个人非法批准占用土地的,超越批准权限非法批准占用土地的,不按照土地利用总体规划确定的用途批准用地的,或者违反法律规定的程序批准占用、征用土地的,其批准文件无效,对非法批准征用、使用土地的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。非法批准、使用的土地应当收回,有关当事人拒不归还的,以非法占用土地论处。

Whoever illegally approves requisition and use of land causing losses to the party interested shall bear liability of compensation according to law.
 
非法批准征用、使用土地,对当事人造成损失的,依法应当承担赔偿责任。

 
Article 79 Whoever infringes on and uses the compensation fee and other related fees for land requisition of the requisitioned unit for other purposes constituting a crime shall be investigated of criminal liability according to law; where a crime has not been constituted, administrative sanctions shall be imposed according to law.   第七十九条 侵占、挪用被征用土地单位的征地补偿费用和其他有关费用,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,依法给予行政处分。

 
Article 80 The party interested that refuses to hand over the land for withdrawal of the right to use of state-owned land according to law, the party interested that refuses to return the land on expiry of temporary use of land, or the party interested that uses state-owned land not in accordance with the approved use shall be ordered by the competent departments of land administration of people's governments at or above the county level to return the land and a fine imposed.   第八十条 依法收回国有土地使用权当事人拒不交出土地的,临时使用土地期满拒不归还的,或者不按照批准的用途使用国有土地的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令交还土地,处以罚款。

 
Article 81 Whoever transfers, retransfers or rents out the right to use of the land collectively owned by peasants for non-agricultural construction without authorization shall be ordered by the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level to make a rectification within the specified time period, confiscated of the illegal gains and concurrently imposed a fine.   第八十一条 擅自将农民集体所有的土地的使用权出让、转让或者出租用于非农业建设的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令限期改正,没收违法所得,并处罚款。

 
Article 82 Whoever fails to go through change in registration of land pursuant to the provisions of this Law shall be ordered by the competent department of land administration of the people's government at or above the county level to complete the formalities within the specified time period.   第八十二条 不依照本法规定办理土地变更登记的,由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令其限期办理。

 
Article 83 Construction units or individuals that have been ordered to dismantle the newly-built constructions and other facilities on the illegally occupied and used land within the specified time period pursuant to the provisions of this Law must stop construction forthwith and dismantle them themselves; organs that make the penalty decision's have the power to stop those that continue construction. Construction units or individuals that refuse to obey the decisions of administrative penalty on dismantling within the specified time period may, within 15 days starting from the date of receipt of the decision of ordering the dismantling within the specified time period, file a suit at a people's court; the unit or individual that neither takes legal action nor dismantles itself/himself/herself on expiry, the organ that has taken the decision on penalty shall apply to a people's court for compulsory enforcement, and the expenses shall be borne by the violator of law.   第八十三条 依照本法规定,责令限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施的,建设单位或者个人必须立即停止施工,自行拆除;对继续施工的,作出处罚决定的机关有权制止。建设单位或者个人对责令限期拆除的行政处罚决定不服的,可以在接到责令限期拆除决定之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉;期满不起诉又不自行拆除的,由作出处罚决定的机关依法申请人民法院强制执行,费用由违法者承担。

 
Article 84 Functionaries of competent departments of land administration that neglect their duties, abuse their power and indulge in malpractices for selfish gains constituting a crime shall be investigated of criminal liability according to law; where a crime has not been constituted, administrative sanctions shall be imposed according to law.   第八十四条 土地行政主管部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任;尚不构成犯罪的,依法给予行政处分。

 
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions 

第八章 附则


 
Article 85 This Law shall be applicable to the use of land by Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative ventures and enterprises owned by foreign capital; where laws have separate provisions, those provisions shall prevail.   第八十五条 中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业使用土地的,适用本法;法律另有规定的,从其规定。

 
Article 86 This Law shall enter into effect as of January 1, 1999.   第八十六条 本法自1999年1月1日起施行。

 
Attachment: Relevant Articles of the Criminal Law 

附:         《刑法》有关条文


 
Article 228 Whoever illegally transfers and sells land use right with profit-making as the purpose in violation of land administration regulations when the circumstances are serious shall be sentenced to imprisonment under three years or hard labor in detention, and concurrently imposed a fine of more than 5% less than 20% of the amount of the illegally transferred and sold land use right price; where the circumstances are extremely serious, a sentence of more than three years less than seven years shall be passed, and a fine of more than 5% less than e amount of the illegally transferred and sold land use right price concurrently imposed. 第二百二十八条 以牟利为目的,违反土地管理法规,非法转让、倒卖土地使用权,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处非法转让、倒卖土地使用权价额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处非法转让、倒卖土地使用权价额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金。

 
Article 342 Whoever illegally occupies and uses cultivated land and turns it into other uses in a big amount resulting in great destruction of cultivated land in violation of land administration regulations shall be sentenced to imprisonment under five years or hard labor in detention, and concurrently or separately imposed a fine. 第三百四十二条 违反土地管理法规,非法占用耕地改作他用,数量较大,造成耕地大量毁坏的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金。

 
Article 410 Functionaries of state organs who indulge in malpractices for selfish gains, abuse power in illegally approving requisition and occupation of land or illegally transfer the right to use of state-owned land at a low price in violation of land administration regulations where the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to imprisonment under three years or hard labor in detention; whoever causes extremely great losses to state or collective interests shall be sentenced to more than three years less than seven years of imprisonment.

 第四百一十条 国家机关工作人员徇私舞弊,违反土地管理法规,滥用职权,非法批准征用、占用土地,或者非法低价出让国有土地使用权,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役;致使国家或者集体利益遭受特别重大损失的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
 
     
     
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