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| Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Seriously Sabotage the Economy | | 全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定 |
(Adopted at the 22nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress on March 8, 1982) | |
（一九八二年三月八日第五届全国人民代表大会 |
In view of the fact that currently criminal activities in the economic field, such as smuggling, arbitrage and speculation for exorbitant profits, theft of public property, theft and sale of precious cultural relics and extortion and acceptance of bribes are rampant, seriously jeopardizing the cause of the country's socialist construction and the interests of the people, and in order to deal firm blows to such criminal activities and severely punish the criminals and those state functionaries who have participated in, shielded or connived at these criminal activities, it is necessary to appropriately supplement or amend some relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. It is hereby decided as follows: | |
鉴于当前走私、套汇、投机倒把牟取暴利、盗窃公共财物、盗卖珍贵文物和索贿受贿等经济犯罪活动猖獗，对国家社会主义建设事业和人民利益危害严重，为了坚决打击这些犯罪活动，严厉惩处这些犯罪分子和参与、包庇或者纵容这些犯罪活动的国家工作人员，有必要对《中华人民共和国刑法》的一些有关条款作相应的补充和修改。现决定如下： |
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| I. The following supplementations and amendments shall be made with regard to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: | | 一、 对刑法有关条款作下列补充和修改： |
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| (1) With respect to the crimes of smuggling, arbitrage and speculation for exorbitant profits mentioned in Article 118 of the Criminal Law, of theft mentioned in Article 152, of sale of narcotics mentioned in Article 171, and of secretly transporting precious cultural relics for export mentioned in Article 173, penalties are respectively supplemented or revised as follows: When the circumstances are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death, and he may in addition be sentenced to confiscation of property. | | （一）对刑法第一百一十八条走私、套汇、投机倒把牟取暴利罪，第一百五十二条盗窃罪，第一百七十一条贩毒罪，第一百七十三条盗运珍贵文物出口罪，其处刑分别补充或者修改为：情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑，可以并处没收财产。 |
State functionaries who take advantage of their office to commit the crimes listed in the preceding paragraph, when the circumstances are especially serious, shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. State functionaries referred to in this Decision include personnel working in state organs of power at all levels, administrative organs at all levels, judicial organs at all levels, the armed forces, state enterprises and state institutional organizations, and other personnel of all types who are engaged in public service according to law. | |
国家工作人员利用职务犯前款所列罪行，情节特别严重的，按前款规定从重处罚。本决定所称国家工作人员，包括在国家各级权力机关、各级行政机关、各级司法机关、军队、国营企业、国家事业机构中工作的人员，以及其他各种依照法律从事公务的人员。 |
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| (2) With respect to the crime of acceptance of bribes mentioned in Paragraphs 1 and 2, Article 185 of the Criminal Law, the following revisions are made: Any state functionary who extorts or accepts bribes shall be punished as for the crime of embezzlement mentioned in Article 155 of the Criminal Law; when the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death. | | （二）对刑法第一百八十五条第一款和第二款受贿罪修改规定为： 国家工作人员索取、收受贿赂的，比照刑法第一百五十五条贪污罪论处；情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。 |
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| (3) State functionaries, regardless of whether or not they are judicial functionaries, who take advantage of their office to protect or shelter criminals as provided in Items (1) and (2) of this Article, concealing and covering up the facts of their crimes, shall all be punished in accordance with Article 188 of the Criminal Law for malpractices from selfish motives. | | （三）国家工作人员，无论是否司法人员，利用职务包庇、窝藏本条（一）、（二）规定的犯罪分子，隐瞒、掩饰他们的犯罪事实的，都按刑法第一百八十八条徇私舞弊罪的规定处罚； |
Relatives of state functionaries, or state functionaries who have already left office, who commit the above crimes shall be punished in accordance with Paragraph 2, Article 162 of the Criminal Law for the crime of protecting criminals. | |
国家工作人员的亲属或者已离职的国家工作人员，犯上述罪行的，按刑法第一百六十二条第二款包庇罪的规定处罚； |
Whoever destroys criminal evidence or fabricates false evidence in favour of the above-mentioned criminals shall be punished in accordance with Article 148 of the Criminal Law for the crime of giving false evidence. | |
为上述犯罪分子销毁罪证或者制造伪证的， 按刑法第一百四十八条伪证罪的规定处罚； |
Whoever carries on obstructive actions, threats or retaliatory attacks against law enforcement personnel and persons who expose, accuse and give testimony shall be punished in accordance with Article 157 of the Criminal Law for the crime of obstructing the administration of public order or Article 146 for the crime of retaliation or frame-ups. | |
对执法人员和揭发检举作证人员进行阻挠、威胁、打击报复的，按刑法 |
Whoever conspires with the criminals listed in Items (1) and (2) of this Article, before committing the crimes listed in the preceding four paragraphs, shall be punished as for a joint crime. | |
犯前四款罪，事前与本条（一）、（二）所列举的罪犯通谋的，以共同犯罪论处。 |
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| (4) In cases where state functionaries with the responsibility for investigation do not handle criminals listed in Items (1), (2) and (3) of this Article according to law; or if they do not perform the investigatory obligations stipulated by law because they are thwarted; and in cases where personnel directly in charge who know the circumstances of criminals and of the facts of crimes, or the personnel with sole knowledge of these circumstances, do not report the cases according to law and do not give testimony truthfully, they shall be punished respectively according to the crimes of dereliction of duty specified in Articles 187, 188 and 190 of the Criminal Law. | | （四）对于本条（一）、（二）、（三）所列的犯罪人员，有追究责任的国家工作人员不依法处理，或者因受阻挠而不履行法律所规定的追究职责的；对犯罪人员和犯罪事实知情的直接主管人员或者仅有的知情的工作人员不依法报案和不如实作证的，分别比照刑法第一百八十七条、第一百八十八条、第一百九十条所规定的渎职罪处罚。 |
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| II. This Decision shall be implemented as of April 1, 1982. | | 二、 本决定自一九八二年四月一日起施行。 |
In cases of crimes committed before the date of implementation of this Decision, if the offender voluntarily surrenders before May 1, 1982 or, if having already been arrested, he truthfully confesses all his crimes before May 1, 1982, and in addition brings truthful accusations with respect to the facts of crimes of other criminals, he shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of law before the implementation of this Decision. In cases where the offender, before May 1, 1982, continues to conceal the crimes he has committed, refusing to surrender voluntarily, or refuses to confess all his crimes, and also does not bring accusations with respect to the crimes of other criminals, he shall be taken as continuing to commit crimes and shall be dealt with in accordance with this Decision. | |
凡在本决定施行之日以前犯罪，而在一九八二年五月一日以前投案自首，或者已被逮捕而如实地坦白承认全部罪行，并如实地检举其他犯罪人员的犯罪事实的，一律按本决定施行以前的有关法律规定处理。凡在一九八二年五月一日以前对所犯的罪行继续隐瞒拒不投案自首，或者拒不坦白承认本人的全部罪行，亦不检举其他犯罪人员的犯罪事实的，作为继续犯罪，一律按本决定处理。 |
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| III. This Decision has a major bearing on the interests of the state and the entire people. From the date of promulgation of this Decision, all state organs, the armed forces, enterprises, institutional organizations, rural people's communes and production brigades, Party organizations, people's organizations, schools, newspapers, broadcasting stations and other mass media units shall have the duty to adopt every effective method to publicize and explain it repeatedly in a way understandable to the entire force of working personnel, army officers and men, staff and workers, students and urban and rural residents, so as to make this Decision known to everyone. | | 三、 本决定对国家和全体人民利益关系重大， 所有国家机关、军队、企业、事业机构、农村社队、政党组织、人民团体、学校、报纸、电台和其他宣传单位，自本决定公布之日起，都有义务采取一切有效方法，对全体工作人员、指战员、职工、 学生和城乡居民，反复进行通俗的宣传解释，做到家喻户晓，人人皆知。 |
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| APPENDIX: RELEVANT ARTICLES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW | | 附：刑法有关条文 |
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| Article 118. Whoever makes a regular business of smuggling or speculation, smuggles or speculates in huge amounts or is the ringleader of a group that smuggles or speculates shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property. | | 第一百一十八条 以走私、投机倒把为常业的，走私、 投机倒把数额巨大的或者走私、投机倒把集团的首要分子，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。 |
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| Article 152. A habitual thief or habitual swindler or anyone who steals, swindles or forcibly seizes a huge amount of public or private property, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property. | | 第一百五十二条 惯窃、惯骗或者盗窃、诈骗、抢夺公私财物数额巨大的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。 |
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| Article 171. Whoever manufactures, sells or transports opium, heroin, morphine or other narcotic drugs shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine. | | 第一百七十一条 制造、贩卖、运输鸦片、海洛因、吗啡或者其他毒品的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，可以并处罚金。 |
Whoever manufactures, sells or transports the narcotic drugs mentioned in the preceding paragraph continually or in large quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property. | |
一贯或者大量制造、贩卖、运输前款毒品的，处五年以上有期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。 |
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| Article 173. Whoever, in violation of the laws and regulations on protection of cultural relics, secretly transports precious cultural relics for export shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and may concurrently be sentenced to confiscation of property. | | 第一百七十三条 违反保护文物法规，盗运珍贵文物出口的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑， 可以并处罚金； 情节严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。 |
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| Article 185. Any state functionary who takes advantage of his office to accept bribes shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention. The funds or articles that he received as bribes shall be confiscated, and public funds or articles shall be recovered. | | 第一百八十五条 国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，收受贿赂的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。赃款、赃物没收，公款、公物追还。 |
Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and causes the interests of the state or citizens to suffer serious losses shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. | |
犯前款罪，致使国家或者公民利益遭受严重损失的，处五年以上有期徒刑。 |
Whoever offers or introduces a bribe to a state functionary shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention. | |
向国家工作人员行贿或者介绍贿赂的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。 |
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| Article 155. Any state functionary who takes advantage of his office to embezzle public property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the amount involved is huge and the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or death. | | 第一百五十五条 国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，贪污公共财物的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；数额巨大、情节严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑或者死刑。 |
For the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the offender shall be sentenced concurrently to confiscation of property or ordered to make restitution or compensation. | |
犯前款罪的，并处没收财产，或者判令退赔。 |
If any person entrusted by state organs, enterprises, institutions or people's organizations to perform public duties commits the crime mentioned in the first paragraph of this Article, he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the two preceding paragraphs. | |
受国家机关、企业、事业单位、人民团体委托从事公务的人员犯第一款罪的，依照前两款的规定处罚。 |
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| Article 188. Any judicial functionary who engages in malpractices for the benefit of his friends and subjects to prosecution a person he clearly knows to be innocent and intentionally protects from prosecution a person he clearly knows to be guilty, or intentionally twists the law, confounding right and wrong, when rendering judgments or orders, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are particularly serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. | | 第一百八十八条 司法工作人员徇私舞弊，对明知是无罪的人而使他受追诉、对明知是有罪的人而故意包庇不使他受追诉，或者故意颠倒黑白做枉法裁判的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者剥夺政治权利；情节特别严重的，处五年以上有期徒刑。 |
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| Article 162. Whoever harbours counterrevolutionaries or gives false evidence to protect them shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. | | 第一百六十二条 窝藏或者作假证明包庇反革命分子的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。 |
Whoever harbours other criminals or gives false evidence to protect them shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years. | |
窝藏或者作假证明包庇其他犯罪分子的，处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。 |
Conspirators to a crime mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs shall be punished as for a joint crime. | |
犯前两款罪，事前通谋的，以共同犯罪论处。 |
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| Article 148. If, during an investigation or trial, any witness, expert witness, recorder or interpreter intentionally gives false evidence or makes a false expert evaluation, record or translation concerning circumstances that bear an important relation to a case, in order to frame another person or conceal criminal evidence, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years. | | 第一百四十八条 在侦查、审判中，证人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人对与案件有重要关系的情节，故意作虚假证明、鉴定、记录、翻译，意图陷害他人或者隐匿罪证的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。 |
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| Article 157. Whoever by means of force or threat obstructs a state functionary from carrying out his functions according to law or refuses to carry out legally effective judgments or orders of people's courts shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, a fine or deprivation of political rights. | | 第一百五十七条 以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家工作人员依法执行职务的，或者拒不执行人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定的，处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役、罚金或者剥夺政治权利。 |
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| Article 146. Any state functionary who abuses his power, using his public office for private gain, in order to retaliate against or frame complainants, petitioners or critics shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years. | | 第一百四十六条 国家工作人员滥用职权、假公济私，对控告人、申诉人、批评人实行报复陷害的，处二年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。 |
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| Article 187. Any state functionary who, because of neglect of duty, causes public property or the interests of the state and the people to suffer heavy losses shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention. | | 第一百八十七条 国家工作人员由于玩忽职守，致使公共财产、国家和人民利益遭受重大损失的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。 |
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| Article 190. Any judicial functionary who releases a criminal without authorization shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years. | | 第一百九十条 司法工作人员私放罪犯的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑。 |
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