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| THE DECISION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA ON MAJOR ISSUES CONCERNING THE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES | | 中共中央关于国有企业改革和发展若干重大问题的决定 |
(Adopted at the Fourth Plenum of the 15th CPC Central Committee on September 22, 1999) | |
（１９９９年９月２２日中国共产党第十五届 |
To achieve the magnificent goal of the trans-century development of the country's reform, opening-up and modernization drive, the 4th Plenum of the 15th CPC Central Committee discussed the major issues related to the reform and development of State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made the following decision. | |
为实现党的十五大提出的我国改革开放和现代化建设跨世纪发展的宏伟目标，中国共产党第十五届中央委员会第四次全体会议讨论了国有企业改革和发展的若干重大问题，并作如下决定。 |
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| I. ADVANCING SOE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT IS AN IMPORTANT AND URGENT TASK | | 一、推进国有企业改革和发展是一项重要而紧迫的任务 |
Since New China was founded 50 years ago, the Chinese people of all nationalities have, under the leadership of the CPC and through unremitting efforts, scored great achievements in socialist construction. China has developed from a poor and backward agrarian country into a socialist country that will soon reach a moderate level of prosperity and is striding toward the goal of industrialization and modernization. This is a great historical leap forward in the developing process of the Chinese nation, and in which the SOEs and the working class have made great and indelible contributions. | |
新中国成立５０年来，我们党领导各族人民不懈奋斗，取得了社会主义建设的巨大成就。我国由一个贫穷落后的农业国，发展成为即将进入小康社会、向工业化和现代化目标大步迈进的社会主义国家。这是中华民族发展进程中一次伟大的历史性跨越。国有企业和工人阶级为此作出了不可磨灭的重大贡献。 |
Since the Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the Party has opened up a new way of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory. To overcome the defects of the traditional planned economy, we have consistently emancipated our minds, sought truth from facts, advanced gradually in due order, and constantly deepened the reforms of SOEs and the whole economic system to push forward the modernization drive. Profound changes have taken place in the SOEs' management system and operational mechanism, and a large number of enterprises have grown strong amid market competition, with their technology and equipment remarkably upgarded. The output of some important products mainly manufactured by SOEs has taken the lead in the world. Under the new situation in which public ownership serves as the main form of ownership and other forms of ownership develop simultaneously, the State-owned economy, with its overall strength further enhanced, continues to play a leading role in the national economy and has always been the main source of financial revenue, providing strong support for the country's reform and construction. After years of effort, SOEs have taken an unprecedented major step toward the reform's goal of building a socialist market economic system. | |
党的十一届三中全会以来，在邓小平理论指导下，我们党开辟了建设有中国特色社会主义的新道路。为克服传统计划经济体制的弊端，我们坚持解放思想，实事求是，积极探索，循序渐进，不断深化国有企业改革和整个经济体制改革，推进现代化建设。国有企业管理体制和经营机制发生了深刻变化，一批企业在市场竞争中成长壮大，技术装备水平明显提高，以国有企业为主生产的一些重要产品的产量跃居世界前列。在公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的新格局下，国有经济的总体实力进一步增强，在国民经济中继续发挥着主导作用，并且一直是财政收入的主要来源，有力地支持了国家的改革和建设。经过多年的努力，国有企业朝着建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标，迈出了前所未有的重大步伐。 |
SOEs reforms are extensive and profound. The transformation of the SOEs' system and their structural readjustments have reached a crucial stage, with some deep-rooted contradictions and problems having emerged. A considerable number of SOEs have not yet adapted to the demands of a market economy due to the long-term influence of the traditional system, the many problems left over from history, the redundant construction over the past years and the drastic changes of market environment. They are not flexible in terms of operations, weak in technical innovation, heavily in debt and social burdens, and have too many surplus workers and difficulties in production and business operations. Their economic returns are dropping and some of their employees have difficulties in their life. It is imperative to take practical and effective measures to solve these problems, which has a vital bearing not only on the success or failure of SOE reform, but also on the success or failure of the overall economic restructuring. The whole Party must fully see the importance and urgency of pushing forward SOE reform and development, and must have a sober understanding of the long and protracted nature of this work, and work tirelessly to make new breakthroughs. | |
国有企业改革是一场广泛而深刻的变革。当前，国有企业的体制转换和结构调整进入攻坚阶段，一些深层次矛盾和问题集中暴露出来。由于传统体制的长期影响、历史形成的诸多问题、多年以来的重复建设以及市场环境的急剧变化，相当一部分国有企业还不适应市场经济的要求，经营机制不活，技术创新能力不强，债务和社会负担沉重，富余人员过多，生产经营艰难，经济效益下降，一些职工生活困难。必须采取切实有效的措施解决这些问题。这不仅关系到国有企业改革的成败，也关系到整个经济体制改革的成败。全党既要充分认识推进国有企业改革和发展的重要性和紧迫性，又要清醒地看到这项工作的艰巨性和长期性，锲而不舍地努力，不断取得新的突破。 |
At the turn of the century, peace and development are still the themes of the times, but hegemony and power politics have also appeared in a new form. Comprehensive national strength has become an increasingly leading factor to determine the future and fate of a country. To enhance China's economic strength, defense capability and national cohesive force, we must constantly promote the development and growth of the State-owned economy. The public-ownership economy, which includes the State-owned economy, is the economic base of China's socialist system. It is a basic force the State uses to lead, advance and regulate economic and social development, and an important guarantee for realizing the fundamental interests and common prosperity of the people. We must firmly implement the guidelines of the 15th CPC National Congress, push forward SOE reforms and development, and enhance the vitality of the SOEs and the control of the State-owned economy in an overall way, and this is of great significance to the establishment of a socialist market economic structure, to the Promotion of the sustained, fast and healthy development of the economy, to the improvement of the people's living standards, to maintaining a good political situation of stability and unity, and to consolidating the socialist system. | |
世纪之交，和平和发展依然是时代的主题，但霸权主义和强权政治有新的发展。综合国力越来越成为决定一个国家前途命运的主导因素。我们要增强国家的经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力，就必须不断促进国有经济的发展壮大。包括国有经济在内的公有制经济，是我国社会主义制度的经济基础，是国家引导、推动、调控经济和社会发展的基本力量，是实现广大人民群众根本利益和共同富裕的重要保证。坚定不移地贯彻十五大精神，推进国有企业的改革和发展，从总体上增强国有企业的活力和国有经济的控制力，对于建立社会主义市场经济体制，促进经济持续快速健康发展，提高人民生活水平，保持安定团结的政治局面，巩固社会主义制度，都具有十分重要的意义。 |
The SOEs are a pillar of China's national economy. China must always rely on and bring into full play the important role of the SOEs to develop the productive forces of the socialist society and realize the country's industrialization and modernization. Under the situation in which economic globalization and the scientific and technological progress are accelerated, SOEs are facing increasingly fierce market competition. Development is of overwhelming importance. Therefore it is vital to keenly grasp the development trend of the domestic and world economy, take concrete measures to change the mode of economic growth, and expand the space for development to create new advantages for SOEs as soon as possible. | |
国有企业是我国国民经济的支柱。发展社会主义社会的生产力，实现国家的工业化和现代化，始终要依靠和发挥国有企业的重要作用。在经济全球化和科技进步不断加快的形势下，国有企业面临着日趋激烈的市场竞争。发展是硬道理。必须敏锐地把握国内外经济发展趋势，切实转变经济增长方式，拓展发展空间，尽快形成国有企业的新优势。 |
The SOE reform constitutes the central link of the entire economic restructuring. In establishing and improving a socialist market economic structure and effecting a good combination of public ownership and market economy, the most important thing is to enable the SOEs to form a management system and an operational mechanism that suit the demands of the market economy. It is imperative to continue to emancipate minds and seek truth from facts for the sake of developing the productive forces of the socialist society, enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the socialist country, and improving people's living standards. We should boldly make use of every operational method and organizational form that reflect the law of modern socialized production, and strive to explore various forms of public ownership that will greatly promote the development of productive forces and make new headway in deepening the SOE reform. | |
国有企业改革是整个经济体制改革的中心环节。建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，实现公有制与市场经济的有效结合，最重要的是使国有企业形成适应市场经济要求的管理体制和经营机制。必须继续解放思想，实事求是，以有利于发展社会主义社会的生产力、有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力、有利于提高人民的生活水平为根本标准，大胆利用一切反映现代社会化生产规律的经营方式和组织形式，努力探索能够极大促进生产力发展的公有制多种实现形式，在深化国有企业的改革上迈出新步伐。 |
To succeed with SOE reform and development is the important basis for the country to realize lasting peace and order and maintain social stability. It is imperative to correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and the intensity and pace of reform should conform with national strength and social bearing capacity, and strive to create a new situation in which reform, development and stability will promote each other. | |
搞好国有企业的改革和发展，是实现国家长治久安和保持社会稳定的重要基础。必须正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系，改革的力度、发展的速度要同国力和社会承受能力相适应，努力开创改革、发展、稳定相互促进的新局面。 |
Our Party and the working class of the country have always been courageous in facing varions difficulties and obstacles and good at overcoming them. With the guidance of Marxism, Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the basic line of the Party, a stronger comprehensive national strength, experience gained from the years of practice, and the active participation of the broad masses of workers, we can surely score new successes in the SOE reform and development, as long as all the Party members have confidence and fight together to achieve their goals. | |
我们党和我国工人阶级历来勇于面对并善于战胜任何艰难险阻。我们有马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和党的基本路线的指导，有比过去更加雄厚的综合国力，有多年积累的实践经验，有广大职工的积极参与，只要全党坚定信心，团结奋斗，就一定能够夺取国有企业改革和发展的新胜利。 |
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| II. MAJOR OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF SOE REFORM AND DEVELOPMENT | | 二、国有企业改革和发展的主要目标与指导方针 |
The 15th CPC National Congress and the First Plenum of the 15th CPC Central Committee proposed that in about three years, the majority of money-losing large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises get out of their difficulties, and that a modern corporate system be set up in the majority of backbone large and medium-sized SOEs by the end of the century. In pushing forward the restructuring and development of SOEs, major efforts should first be directed to the realization of this target. Priority should be given to key sectors and enterprises, and old industrial centers in accordance with the realities of different sectors and areas and the process of uneven development. Solutions to current major problems should be combined with long-term development so as to create favorable conditions for the cross-century development of SOEs. | |
党的十五大和十五届一中全会提出，用三年左右的时间，使大多数国有大中型亏损企业摆脱困境，力争到本世纪末大多数国有大中型骨干企业初步建立现代企业制度。推进国有企业改革和发展，首先要尽最大努力实现这一目标。要从不同行业和地区的实际出发，根据不平衡发展的客观进程，着力抓好重点行业、重点企业和老工业基地，把解决当前的突出问题与长远发展结合起来，为国有企业跨世纪发展创造有利条件。 |
The objective for SOE reform and development by the year 2010 is basically completing strategic readjustment and restructuring, creating a more rational layout and structure for the State-owned economy, establishing a fairly complete modern corporate system, markedly improving economic performance, significantly strengthening the capability of scientific and technological development, market competition and risk resistant, and effectively playing the leading role of the State sector in the national economy, in accordance with the requirements for the fundamental transformation of the economic structure and economic growth mode, and with the needs of opening up further to the outside. | |
到２０１０年，国有企业改革和发展的目标是：适应经济体制与经济增长方式两个根本性转变和扩大对外开放的要求，基本完成战略性调整和改组，形成比较合理的国有经济布局和结构，建立比较完善的现代企业制度，经济效益明显提高，科技开发能力、市场竞争能力和抗御风险能力明显增强，使国有经济在国民经济中更好地发挥主导作用。 |
These guiding principles must be followed in the promotion of SOE reform and development: | |
推进国有企业改革和发展，必须坚持以下指导方针： |
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| (1) Developing diverse forms of ownership side-by-side with public ownership dominant. The ownership structure must be readjusted and perfected. Multiple forms for materializing public ownership must be actively explored. The ability of the State sector to control the national economy should be enhanced. And fair competition and joint development of economies of all forms of ownership must be promoted. | | （一）以公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展。调整和完善所有制结构，积极探索公有制多种实现形式，增强国有经济在国民经济中的控制力，促进各种所有制经济公平竞争和共同发展。 |
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| (2) Strategically readjusting the layout of the State sector and restructuring SOEs. Efforts should be focused on managing well the whole State sector, pushing forward the rational flow and reoganization of State-owned assets, readjusting the lay-out and structure of the State economy, vigorously developing large enterprises and enterprise groups, and relaxing the control over and invigorating small and medium-sized SOEs. | | （二）从战略上调整国有经济布局和改组国有企业。着眼于搞好整个国有经济，推进国有资产合理流动和重组，调整国有经济布局和结构，积极发展大型企业和企业集团，放开搞活中小企业。 |
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| (3) Combining reform with restructuring, transformation and intensified management. To meet the demands of the market economy, efforts should be made to transform the operational mechanism of enterprises, enhance their overall quality, and construct a micro-base for industrial structure optimizing and high efficient economic operation. | | （三）改革同改组、改造、加强管理相结合。适应市场经济的要求，着力转换企业经营机制，提高企业整体素质，构造产业结构优化和经济高效运行的微观基础。 |
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| (4) Establishing a modern corporate system. Efforts must be made to achieve clearly established ownership, well-defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management, to perfect systems of decision-making, implementation and supervision, and to make enterprises corporate and market entities that enjoy full management authority and assume full responsibility for their own profits and losses. | | （四）建立现代企业制度。实现产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学，健全决策、执行和监督体系，使企业成为自主经营、自负盈亏的法人实体和市场主体。 |
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| (5) Pushing forward scientific and technological advancement of enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen enterprise scientific development and technical transformation, attach importance to talented scientific and technical personnel, promote the combination of enterprises, universities and research institutes, form a technological innovation systems, and follow the path of intensive and sustainable development. | | （五）推动企业科技进步。加强企业的科研开发和技术改造，重视科技人才，促进产学研结合，形成技术创新机制，走集约型和可持续发展道路。 |
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| (6) Comprehensively enhancing enterprise management. It is imperative to pursue scientific management, intensify basic work, improve operations, enhance efficiency, carry out diverse distribution forms with "to each according to his work" as the main form, and establish effective incentive and restraint mechanisms. | | （六）全面加强企业管理。推行科学管理，强化基础工作，改善经营，提高效益，实行以按劳分配为主体的多种分配方式，形成有效的激励和约束机制。 |
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| (7) Establishing a competitive mechanism of survival of the fittest. We should encourage enterprise mergers, standardize bankruptcy procedures, divert laid-off workers, increase efficiency by downsizing staff and encourage re-employment projects. We should rely on all forces of society to expand employment and guarantee the basic livelihood of SOEs' laid-off workers. | | （七）建立企业优胜劣汰的竞争机制。实行鼓励兼并、规范破产、下岗分流、减员增效和再就业工程。依靠各方面力量，扩大就业门路，确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活。 |
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| (8) Coordinating various supplementary reforms. Efforts shoud be made to transform government functions, establish well-defined State assets management, supervision and operation power and responsibility systems and ensure that the State assets' value be preserved and increased. It is necessary to strengthen the rule of law, maintain market economic order, complete the social security system, and help enterprises to increase capital, lower debts and burdens. | | （八）协调推进各项配套改革。转变政府职能，建立权责明确的国有资产管理、监督和营运体系，保证国有资产保值增值。加强法制建设，维护市场经济秩序。健全社会保障体系。帮助企业增资减债、减轻负担。 |
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| (9) Relying on the working class whole-heartedly and giving full play to the role of Party organizations as the political nucleus within enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen the constructing of enterprises' Party organizations and their ideological and political work, upgrade the qualities of managers and administrators, uphold and improve enterprises' democratic management system with the workers congress as the basic form, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers in real earnest. | | （九）全心全意依靠工人阶级，发挥企业党组织的政治核心作用。加强企业党组织建设和思想政治工作，提高企业经营管理者队伍素质，坚持和完善以职工代表大会为基本形式的企业民主管理，切实维护职工合法权益。 |
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| (10) Promoting enterprises' ethical and cultural progress. Enterprises should intensify ideological, and moral education and technical training, comprehensively enhance the quality of workers and staff members, cultivate progressive enterprise culture, and promote the coordinated development of material civilization and socialist culture and ethics. | | （十）推进企业精神文明建设。加强思想道德教育和技术业务培训，全面提高职工队伍素质，培育积极向上的企业文化，推动物质文明和精神文明建设协调发展。 |
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| III. STRATEGIC READJUSTMENT OF THE LAY-OUT OF STATE ECONOMY | | 三、从战略上调整国有经济布局 |
Under a socialist market economy, the leading role of the State-owned economy in the national economy mainly relies on its capability to control. (1) The role of State-owned economy should be materialized by solely State-owned enterprises, and by energetic development of the shareholding system through the establishment of State holding and joint-stock enterprises. (2) The State economy enjoys a dominant status in key industries and crucial fields related to the lifeline of the national economy, supports, guides and promotes socio-economic development as a whole and plays a key role in materializing the goals of the State's macro-economic control. (3) The State economy should maintain an appropriate quantity, with its layout further optimized and its quality further improved. In different stages of economic development, the proportion of the State economy in different industries and areas could vary, while the layout should be adjusted accordingly. | |
在社会主义市场经济条件下，国有经济在国民经济中的主导作用主要体现在控制力上。（一）国有经济的作用既要通过国有独资企业来实现，更要大力发展股份制，探索通过国有控股和参股企业来实现。（二）国有经济在关系国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域占支配地位，支撑、引导和带动整个社会经济的发展，在实现国家宏观调控目标中发挥重要作用。（三）国有经济应保持必要的数量，更要有分布的优化和质的提高；在经济发展的不同阶段，国有经济在不同产业和地区的比重可以有所差别，其布局要相应调整。 |
The strategic readjustment of the layout of the State economy should be combined with the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures and the readjustment and improvement of the structure of ownership, while adhering to the principles of developing what should be developed, withdrawing what should be withdrawn, doing what should be done while leaving others alone. Currently, the State economy is over-distributed, with its overall quality remaining low, and the distribution of resources is not reasonable enough, a situation which must be tackled with great effort. Industries and sectors that need to be controlled by the national economy include: industries that are related to national security; industries that are naturally monopolized; industries that supply major products and services for the public; and pillar industries and backbone enterprises in high and new technology sectors. In other industries and fields, the entire quality of the State economy could be improved through assets regrouping and structure readjustment to concentrate their forces and strengthen the key SOEs. While maintaining State and collective economies as the main body, the development of non- public ownership, such as self-employed individuals and private businesses, will be encouraged and guided. Along with the continued development of the national economy, the development of the State economy has vast potential, with its size increasing, overall quality improving, and layout being rationalized, though the proportion it holds in the entire national economy may be somewhat decreased. The decrease will not affect the socialist nature of the country, so long as the public ownership remains as the main body, the State controls the lifeline of the national economy, and the controlling capability and competitiveness of the State economy are strengthened. | |
从战略上调整国有经济布局，要同产业结构的优化升级和所有制结构的调整完善结合起来，坚持有进有退，有所为有所不为。目前，国有经济分布过宽，整体素质不高，资源配置不尽合理，必须着力加以解决。国有经济需要控制的行业和领域主要包括：涉及国家安全的行业，自然垄断的行业，提供重要公共产品和服务的行业，以及支柱产业和高新技术产业中的重要骨干企业。其他行业和领域，可以通过资产重组和结构调整，集中力量，加强重点，提高国有经济的整体素质。在坚持国有、集体等公有制经济为主体的前提下，鼓励和引导个体、私营等非公有制经济的发展。随着国民经济的不断发展，国有经济有着广阔的发展空间，总量将会继续增加，整体素质进一步提高，分布更加合理，但在整个国民经济中的比重还会有所减少。只要坚持公有制为主体，国家控制国民经济命脉，国有经济的控制力和竞争力得到增强，这种减少不会影响我国的社会主义性质。 |
Various means of realizing public ownership should be actively explored. State-owned capital could attract more social capital through the shareholding system in order to increase the functions of State-owned capital and strengthen the State economy's capability of control, influence and promotion. Large and medium-sized SOEs, especially superior ones and those suited to the shareholding system, should be turned into shareholding enterprises, in the forms of standardized listing, Sino-foreign joint ventures and inter-enterprise equity participation. A mixed ownership economy should be developed, while the State controls the main stake in key enterprises. | |
积极探索公有制的多种有效实现形式。国有资本通过股份制可以吸引和组织更多的社会资本，放大国有资本的功能，提高国有经济的控制力、影响力和带动力。国有大中型企业尤其是优势企业，宜于实行股份制的，要通过规范上市、中外合资和企业互相参股等形式，改为股份制企业，发展混合所有制经济，重要的企业由国家控股。 |
Comprehensive plans should be made and effective policies should be adopted to speed up the layout readjustment of old industrial bases and the State economy in central and west China. For old industrial bases that are in greater difficulty, the State will increase its support in the fields of technological renovation, property regrouping, structural readjustment, as well as re-employment of laid-off employees from SOEs, and arrangement of social security funds. The State will assist in the development of central and western regions and ethnic minority areas by giving priority to infrastructure construction and increasing transfer payments from the exchequer. The central and western areas should develop comparatively superior industries and technologically advanced enterprises in line with their own conditions, in order to optimize and upgrade local industrial structures. While accelerating reform and development, the eastern areas should assist the economic development in central and western areas, under the principles of mutual benefit, mutual supplement and achieving joint development, by way of relocating industries, technology transfer, one-to-one assistance, and joint exploration. | |
统筹规划，采取有效的政策措施，加快老工业基地和中西部地区国有经济布局的调整。对困难较大的老工业基地，国家要在技术改造、资产重组、结构调整以及国有企业下岗职工安置和社会保障资金等方面，加大支持力度。国家要通过优先安排基础设施建设、增加财政转移支付等措施，支持中西部地区和少数民族地区加快发展。国家要实施西部大开发战略。中西部地区要从自身条件出发，发展有比较优势的产业和技术先进的企业，促进产业结构的优化升级。东部地区要在加快改革和发展的同时，本着互惠互利、优势互补、共同发展的原则，通过产业转移、技术转让、对口支援、联合开发等方式，支持和促进中西部地区的经济发展。 |
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| IV. PUSHING FORWARD STRATEGIC RESTRUCTURE OF SOEs | | 四、推进国有企业战略性改组 |
Since the reform and opening-up drive started, the organizational structure of SOEs has seen positive changes, but is still irrational so far. This is due to serious overlapping in construction, and all enterprises, large or small, have an all-inclusive organizational structure, but have failed to establish specialized production and socialized coordination systems and an economy of scale, and lack market competitiveness. The strategic restructure of SOEs should be continued in accordance with their varying conditions. The State will give necessary support to a few enterprises that must be monopolized by the State, as they make efforts to meet the demands of a market economy, in order to let them play their due role better. Enterprises that have a certain strength in competitive fields should accelerate their development by attracting investment from different sectors. Enterprises that have a market for their products but are suffering from excessive burdens and management difficulties should regroup their assets and readjust their structure, through mergers and coalitions, to tap the idle assets. Bankruptcy and closing are the only options for enterprises that cannot find any market for their products, entail long-term losses but are not expected to turn round, and suffer from the drying up of resources. Small coal mines, refineries, cement works and glass factories and small thermal power plants that have been wasting resources, or are technologically backward, are manufacturing poor- quality products, and have caused severe pollution should also be forced to bankruptcy or closedown. | |
改革开放以来，国有企业组织结构发生了积极的变化，但目前仍不合理。主要是重复建设严重，企业大而全、小而全，没有形成专业化生产、社会化协作体系和规模经济，缺乏市场竞争能力。要区别不同情况，继续对国有企业实施战略性改组。极少数必须由国家垄断经营的企业，在努力适应市场经济要求的同时，国家给予必要支持，使其更好地发挥应有的功能；竞争性领域中具有一定实力的企业，要吸引多方投资加快发展；对产品有市场但负担过重、经营困难的企业，通过兼并、联合等形式进行资产重组和结构调整，盘活存量资产；产品没有市场、长期亏损、扭亏无望和资源枯竭的企业，以及浪费资源、技术落后、质量低劣、污染严重的小煤矿、小炼油、小水泥、小玻璃、小火电等，要实行破产、关闭。 |
The principle of "managing successfully large enterprises while invigorating small ones" should be adhered to. Powerful and competitive large enterprises and enterprise groups should be fostered, as some of them could be turned into trans-regional, transindustrial, trans- ownership and transnational large enterprise groups. Their superiority in capital operation, technological renovation and market-exploration should be brought to the forefront, so as to turn them into pillars of the national economy and the main force in international competition. The development of enterprise groups should abide by the law governing the economy, and enterprises should be regarded as the main body and capital as the link. Enterprise groups must be formed by the market and should not be produced by administrative means. There should not be a blind chase to make them as large and all-inclusive as possible. Efforts should be made to emphasize their main business and increase their superiority in competition.
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坚持“抓大放小”。要着力培育实力雄厚、竞争力强的大型企业和企业集团，有的可以成为跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制和跨国经营的大企业集团。要发挥这些企业在资本营运、技术创新、市场开拓等方面的优势，使之成为国民经济的支柱和参与国际竞争的主要力量。发展企业集团，要遵循客观经济规律，以企业为主体，以资本为纽带，通过市场来形成，不能靠行政手段勉强撮合，不能盲目求大求全。要在突出主业、增强竞争优势上下功夫。
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