| Order of the State Council of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国国务院令 |
(No. 4) | |
（第4号） |
The Provisional Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Private Enterprises, as adopted at the 7th executive meeting of the State Council on June 3, 1988, are hereby promulgated and shall come into force from July 1, 1988. | |
《中华人民共和国私营企业暂行条例》已经1988年6月3日国务院第七次常务会议通过，现予发布，自1988年7月1日起施行。 |
Prime Minister: Li Peng | |
总理 李鹏 |
June 25, 1988 | |
1988年6月25日 |
PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON PRIVATE ENTERPRISES | |
中华人民共和国私营企业暂行条例 |
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| CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLES | | 第一章 总则 |
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| Article 1. These Regulations are formulated to encourage and guide the healthy development of private enterprises, to safeguard their legal rights and interests, to tighten supervision and control and to enhance the prosperity of socialism's planned commodity economy. | | 第一条 为鼓励、引导私营企业健康发展，保障私营企业的合法权益，加强监督管理，繁荣社会主义有计划商品经济，制定本条例。 |
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| Article 2. For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "private enterprise" shall refer to a privately funded economic entity which employs at least eight persons. | | 第二条 本条例所称私营企业是指企业资产属于私人所有、雇工八人以上的营利性的经济组织。 |
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| Article 3. The private economy shall be seen as a complement to the socialist publicly owned economy. The State shall protect the legal rights and interests of private enterprises. | | 第三条 私营经济是社会主义公有制经济的补充。国家保护私营企业的合法权益。 |
A private enterprise shall operate within the scope stipulated by State laws, statutory regulations and policies. | |
私营企业必须在国家法律、法规和政策规定的范围内从事经营活动。 |
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| Article 4. The employees of a private enterprise may organise a trade union in accordance with the law. The legal rights and interests of employees shall receive the protection of State laws. | | 第四条 私营企业职工依法组织工会。职工的合法权益受国家法律保护。 |
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| Article 5. Private enterprises may establish a private enterprise association. | | 第五条 私营企业可以成立私营企业协会。 |
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| CHAPTER II TYPES OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISES | | 第二章 私营企业的种类 |
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| Article 6. A private enterprise may be: | | 第六条 私营企业分为以下三种： |
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| (1) a sole investment enterprise; | | （一）独资企业； |
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| (2) a partnership enterprise; or | | （二）合伙企业； |
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| (3) a limited liability company. | | （三）有限责任公司。 |
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| Article 7. A sole investment enterprise refers to an enterprise which is funded and managed by one person. | | 第七条 独资企业是指一人投资经营的企业。 |
The owner of a sole investment enterprise shall assume unlimited liability for the obligations of the enterprise. | |
独资企业投资者对企业债务负无限责任。 |
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| Article 8. A partnership enterprise refers to an enterprise which is jointly funded and managed by two or more persons who assume joint responsibility for its profit and losses. | | 第八条 合伙企业是指二人以上按照协议投资、共同经营、共负盈亏的企业。 |
A partnership enterprise shall be based on a written agreement. | |
合伙企业应当有书面协议。 |
The partners shall bear several and unlimited liability for the obligations of the enterprise. | |
合伙人对企业债务负连带无限责任。 |
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| Article 9. A limited liability company refers to an enterprise in which an investor is liable for company obligations only to the amount of its investment contribution and the company is liable for company obligations only to the amount of its total assets. | | 第九条 有限责任公司是指投资者以其出资额对公司负责，公司以其全部资产对公司债务承担责任的企业。 |
A limited liability company shall meet the following requirements; | |
有限责任公司应当符合下列规定： |
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| (1) The name of the company shall include the words "limited liability company" or "limited company". | | （一）公司名称标明有限责任公司或者有限公司的字样； |
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| (2) Its articles of association shall comply with the provisions of these Regulations. | | （二）有符合本条例规定的公司章程； |
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| (3) There shall be at least two, but no more than 30 investors. | | （三）投资者为二人以上三十人以下； |
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| (4) It shall obtain a document of verification certifying the amount of its registered capital. | | （四）注册资金取得合法的验资证明； |
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| (5) An investor wishing to transfer his equity contribution shall obtain the consent of the other investors. The consent of at least half the investors is required if there are more than three investors. | | （五）投资者转让出资应当取得其他投资者的同意，投资者为三人以上的，需要取得半数以上的投资者的同意； |
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| (6) The amount of registered capital may not be reduced. | | （六）不得减少注册资金； |
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| (7) Shares in the company may not be sold to the public. | | （七）不得向社会发行股票。 |
A limited liability company with more than 30 investors shall only be permitted to complete registration formalities after the approval of its special application by the administration for industry and commerce. | |
有限责任公司投资者超过三十人的，应当向工商行政管理机关作专项申报，经同意后始得办理登记。 |
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| Article 10. A limited liability company shall obtain the status of a legal person in accordance with the law. | | 第十条 有限责任公司依法取得法人资格。 |
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| CHAPTER III ESTABLISHMENT AND DISSOLUTION OF A PRIVATE ENTERPRISE | | 第三章 私营企业的开办和关闭 |
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| Article 11. The following persons may apply to establish a private enterprise: | | 第十一条 下列人员可以申请开办私营企业： |
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| (1) villagers; | | （一）农村村民； |
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| (2) persons awaiting employment in cities and towns; | | （二）城镇待业人员； |
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| (3) operators of individual industrial and commercial undertakings; | | （三）个体工商户经营者； |
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| (4) persons who have resigned or were dismissed from their posts; | | （四）辞职、退职人员； |
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| (5) retired cadres, retired workers and other persons authorised under State laws, statutory regulations and policies. | | （五）国家法律、法规和政策允许的离休、退休人员和其他人员。 |
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| Article 12. A private enterprise may engage in production and business operations, within the scope prescribed by State laws,, statutory regulations and policies, in such fields as industry, construction, transportation, commerce, catering, the service industry, the repair trade and scientific and technological consultancy. | | 第十二条 私营企业可以在国家法律、法规和政策规定的范围内，从事工业、建筑业、交通运输业、商业、饮食业、服务业、修理业和科技咨询等行业的生产经营。 |
A private enterprise shall not be permitted to engage in production and business operations related to the war industry or finance and shall not be permitted to produce or deal in products prohibited by the State. | |
私营企业不得从事军工、金融业的生产经营，不得生产经营国家禁止经营的产品。 |
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| Article 13. A unit applying to establish a private enterprise shall fulfil the following conditions; | | 第十三条 申请开办私营企业应当具备下列条件： |
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| (1) have funds and personnel of an amount and number which are in proportion with the scale of its production operations and services; | | （一）与生产经营和服务规模相适应的资金和从业人员； |
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| (2) have a fixed place of business and the necessary facilities; | | （二）固定的经营场所和必要的设施； |
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| (3) have a scope of business which complies with the provisions of State laws, statutory regulations and policies. | | （三）符合国家法律、法规和政策规定的经营范围。 |
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| Article 14. The articles of association of a limited liability company shall include the following items; | | 第十四条 有限责任公司章程应当包括下列事项： |
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| (1) name and domicile of the company; | | （一）公司名称和住所； |
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| (2) purpose of the company and scope of business; | | （二）开办公司的宗旨和经营范围； |
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| (3) amount of registered capital and the equity contributions of the various investors; | | （三）注册资金和各个投资者的出资数额； |
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| (4) name, address, rights and obligations of the various investors; | | （四）投资者的姓名、住所及投资者的权利、义务； |
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| (5) organizational structure of the company; | | （五）公司的组织机构； |
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| (6) conditions for dissolution of the company; | | （六）公司的解散条件； |
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| (7) conditions for the transfer of the equity share of an investor; | | （七）投资者转让出资的条件； |
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| (8) profit distribution and loss sharing methods; | | （八）利润分配和亏损分担的办法； |
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| (9) procedures for the amendment of the articles of association; | | （九）公司章程的修改程序； |
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| (10) other items which require provisions. | | （十）需要订明的其他事项。 |
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| Article 15. When establishing a private enterprise, business operations may commence only after the relevant documents are submitted to the local administration for industry and commerce for registration and the issue of a business licence, subject to verification and approval of the application documents. | | 第十五条 申请开办私营企业，必须持有关证件向企业所在地工商行政管理机关办理登记，经核准发给营业执照后，始得营业。 |
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Article 16. Registration of an amendment or re-registration, due to the division, merger, transfer, change of business premises or change of scope of business of an enterprise, shall be conducted with the Administration for Industry and Commerce.
．．．．．． | | 第十六条 私营企业分立、合并、转让、迁移以及改变经营范围等，应当向工商行政管理机关办理变更登记或者重新登记。
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