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Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
(No.38) | |
（第三十八号） |
The Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China, as adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986, is hereby issued and shall come into force as of July 1, 1986. | |
《中华人民共和国义务教育法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议于一九八六年四月十二日通过，现予公布，自一九八六年七月一日起施行。 |
President of the People's Republic of China, Li Xiannian | |
中华人民共和国主席 李先念 |
April 12, 1986 | |
一九八六年四月十二日 |
Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China | |
中华人民共和国义务教育法 |
(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986) | |
（一九八六年四月十二日第六届全国人民代表大会第四次会议通过） |
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| Article 1. This Law is formulated, in accordance with the Constitution and the actual conditions in China, for the purpose of promoting elementary education and the building of a socialist society that is advanced culturally and ideologically as well as materially. | | 第一条 为了发展基础教育，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法和我国实际情况，制定本法。 |
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| Article 2. The state shall institute a system of nine-year compulsory education. The authorities of provinces,autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall decide on measures to promote compulsory education, in accordance with the degree of economic and cultural development in their own localities. | | 第二条 国家实行九年制义务教育。省、自治区、直辖市根据本地区的经济、文化发展状况，确定推行义务教育的步骤。 |
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| Article 3. In compulsory education, the state policy on education must be implemented to improve the quality of instruction and enable children and adolescents to achieve all-round development-- morally, intellectually and physically -- so as to lay the foundation for improving the qualities of the entire nation and for cultivating well-educated and self-disciplined builders of socialism with high ideals and moral integrity. | | 第三条 义务教育必须贯彻国家的教育方针，努力提高教育质量，使儿童、少年在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展，为提高全民族的素质，培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义建设人才奠定基础。 |
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| Article 4. The state, the community, schools and families shall, in accordance with the law, safeguard the right to compulsory education of school-age children and adolescents. | | 第四条 国家、社会、学校和家庭依法保障适龄儿童、少年接受义务教育的权利。 |
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| Article 5. All children who have reached the age of six shall enroll in school and receive compulsory education for the prescribed number of years, regardless of sex, nationality or race. In areas where that is not possible, the beginning of schooling may be postponed to the age of seven. | | 第五条 凡年满六周岁的儿童，不分性别、民族、种族，应当入学接受规定年限的义务教育。条件不具备的地区，可以推迟到七周岁入学。 |
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| Article 6. Schools shall promote the use of Putonghua (common speech based on Beijing pronunciation), which is in common use throughout the nation. | | 第六条 学校应当推广使用全国通用的普通话。 |
Schools in which the majority of students are of minority nationalities may use the spoken and written languages of those nationalities in instruction. | |
招收少数民族学生为主的学校，可以用少数民族通用的语言文字教学。 |
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| Article 7. Compulsory education shall be divided into two stages: primary school education and junior middle school education.Once primary education has been made universal, junior middle school education shall follow. The department in charge of education under the State Council shall decide on the duration of each stage. | | 第七条 义务教育可以分为初等教育和初级中等教育两个阶段。在普及初等教育的基础上普及初级中等教育。初等教育和初级中等教育的学制，由国务院教育主管部门制定。 |
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| Article 8. Under the leadership of the State Council, local authorities shall assume responsibility for compulsory education,and it shall be administered at different levels. | | 第八条 义务教育事业，在国务院领导下，实行地方负责，分级管理。 |
The department in charge of education under the State Council shall, in accordance with the needs of the socialist modernization and with the physical and mental development of children and adolescents, decide on the teaching methods, the courses to be offered and their content, and the selection of textbooks for compulsory education. | |
国务院教育主管部门应当根据社会主义现代化建设的需要和儿童、少年身心发展的状况，确定义务教育的教学制度、教学内容、课程设置，审订教科书。 |
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| Article 9. Local people's governments at various levels shall establish primary schools and junior middle schools at such locations that children and adolescents can attend schools near their homes. | | 第九条 地方各级人民政府应当合理设置小学、 初级中等学校， 使儿童、少年就近入学。 |
Local people's governments shall establish special schools (or classes) for children and adolescents who are blind, deaf-mute or retarded. | |
地方各级人民政府为盲、聋哑和弱智的儿童、少年举办特殊教育学校（班）。 |
The state shall encourage enterprises, institutions and other segments of society to establish schools of the types prescribed by this Law, under unified administration by local people's governments and in compliance with the basic requirements of the state. | |
国家鼓励企业、事业单位和其他社会力量，在当地人民政府统一管理下，按照国家规定的基本要求，举办本法规定的各类学校。 |
Appropriate facilities for compulsory education must be included in the plans for construction and development of both urban and rural areas. | |
城市和农村建设发展规划必须包括相应的义务教育设施。 |
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| Article 10. The state shall not charge tuition for students receiving compulsory education. | | 第十条 国家对接受义务教育的学生免收学费。 |
The state shall establish a system of grants-in-aid to support the school attendance of poor students. | |
国家设立助学金，帮助贫困学生就学。 |
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| Article 11. When children have reached school age, their parents or guardians shall send them to school to receive compulsory education for the prescribed number of years. | | 第十一条 父母或者其他监护人必须使适龄的子女或者被监护人按时入学，接受规定年限的义务教育。 |
If, on account of illness or other special circumstances,school-age children or adolescents need to postpone enrollment or be exempted from schooling, their parents or guardians shall submit an application to that effect to the local people's government for approval. | |
适龄儿童、少年因疾病或者特殊情况，需要延缓入学或者免予入学的，由儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人提出申请，经当地人民政府批准。 |
No organization or individual shall employ school-age children or adolescents who should receive compulsory education. | |
禁止任何组织或者个人招用应该接受义务教育的适龄儿童、少年就业。 |
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| Article 12. The State Council and the local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for raising funds for the operating expenses and capital construction investment needed for the implementation of compulsory education, and the funds must be fully guaranteed. | | 第十二条 实施义务教育所需事业费和基本建设投资，由国务院和地方各级人民政府负责筹措，予以保证。 |
State appropriations for compulsory education shall increase at a faster rate than regular state revenues, and the average expenditure on education per student shall also increase steadily. | |
国家用于义务教育的财政拨款的增长比例，应当高于财政经常性收入的增长比例，并使按在校学生人数平均的教育费用逐步增长。 |
In accordance with the provisions of the State Council, the local people's governments at various levels shall levy a surtax for education, which shall be used mainly for compulsory education. | |
地方各级人民政府按照国务院的规定，在城乡征收教育事业费附加，主要用于实施义务教育。 |
The state shall subsidize those areas that are unable to introduce compulsory education because of financial difficulties. | |
国家对经济困难地区实施义务教育的经费，予以补助。 |
The state shall encourage individuals and all segments of society to make donations to help develop education. | |
国家鼓励各种社会力量以及个人自愿捐资助学。 |
The state shall assist areas inhabited by minority nationalities to implement compulsory education by providing them with teachers and funds. | |
国家在师资、财政等方面，帮助少数民族地区实施义务教育。 |
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| Article 13. The state shall take measures to strengthen and develop normal schools and colleges in order to accelerate the training of teachers, so as to ensure, in a planned way, that all primary school teachers have received at least secondary normal school education and that all junior middle school teachers have received at least higher normal school education. | | 第十三条 国家采取措施加强和发展师范教育，加速培养、培训师资，有计划地实现小学教师具有中等师范学校毕业以上水平，初级中等学校的教师具有高等师范专科学校毕业以上水平。 |
The state shall establish a system to test the qualifications of teachers and shall issue qualification certificates to those who pass the test. | |
国家建立教师资格考核制度，对合格教师颁发资格证书。 |
All graduates of normal schools and colleges must engage in educational work, as required by the relevant regulations. The state shall encourage teachers to make education their long-term career. | |
师范院校毕业生必须按照规定从事教育工作。国家鼓励教师长期从事教育事业。 |
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| Article 14. Teachers should be respected by the public. The state shall safeguard the teachers' lawful rights and interests, and take measures to raise their social status and improve their material benefits. It shall reward outstanding educational workers. | | 第十四条 全社会应当尊重教师。国家保障教师的合法权益，采取措施提高教师的社会地位，改善教师的物质待遇，对优秀的教育工作者给予奖励。 |
Teachers should be committed to the cause of socialist education,endeavour to raise their own ideological and cultural levels as well as professional competence, show concern for their students and be devoted to their duties. | |
教师应当热爱社会主义教育事业，努力提高自己的思想、文化、业务水平，爱护学生，忠于职责。 |
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| Article 15. The local people's governments at various levels must create conditions for all school-age children and adolescents to enrol in schools and receive compulsory education.In cases where school-age children or adolescents do not enroll school and receive compulsory education, with the exception of those who, on account of illness or other special circumstances, are allowed by the local people's governments not to go to school, the local people's governments shall admonish and criticize the parents or guardians of those children or adolescents, and adopt effective measures to order them to send the children or wards to school. | | 第十五条 地方各级人民政府必须创造条件，使适龄儿童、少年入学接受义务教育。除因疾病或者特殊情况，经当地人民政府批准的以外，适龄儿童、少年不入学接受义务教育的，由当地人民政府对他的父母或者其他监护人批评教育，并采取有效措施责令送子女或者被监护人入学。 |
In cases where organizations or individuals employ school-age children or adolescents for work, the local people's governments shall admonish and criticize them and shall order them to stop such employment. In serious cases, the offenders may be fined,ordered to suspend their business operations or have their business licenses revoked. | |
对招用适龄儿童、少年就业的组织或者个人，由当地人民政府给予批评教育，责令停止招用；情节严重的，可以并处罚款、责令停止营业或者吊销营业执照。 |
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| Article 16. No organization or individual may appropriate,withhold or misuse funds earmarked for compulsory education, disrupt order in education, or occupy or damage school buildings, grounds or facilities. | | 第十六条 任何组织或者个人不得侵占、克扣、挪用义务教育经费，不得扰乱教学秩序，不得侵占、破坏学校的场地、房屋和设备。 |
It shall be forbidden to insult or assault teachers. It shall be forbidden to inflict physical punishment on students. | |
禁止侮辱、殴打教师，禁止体罚学生。 |
No one may make use of religion to engage in activities which interfere with the implementation of compulsory education. | |
不得利用宗教进行妨碍义务教育实施的活动。 |
Persons who violate the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall be subject to administrative sanctions or penalties depending on the circumstances. In case damages are caused, the offender shall be ordered to make compensation.If the circumstances are serious and a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law. | |
对违反第一款、第二款规定的，根据不同情况，分别给予行政处分，行政处罚；造成损失的，责令赔偿损失；情节严重构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 |
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| Article 17. The department in charge of education under the State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall come into force after being submitted to and approved by the State Council, | | 第十七条 国务院教育主管部门根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准后施行。 |
The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces,autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate specific measures for implementation in accordance with this Law and their local conditions. | |
省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法，结合本地区的实际，制定具体实施办法。 |
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Article 18. This law shall go into effect as of July 1, 1986. | | 第十八条 本法自一九八六年七月一日起施行。 |
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