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Opinions of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Legally Handling Several Issues on Guardian's Infringement upon the Rights and Interests of Minors [Effective]
最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见 [现行有效]
【法宝引证码】

Opinions of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Legally Handling Several Issues on Guardian's Infringement upon the Rights and Interests of Minors 

最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见

(No. 24 [2014] of the Supreme People's Court) (法发[2014]24号)

The higher people's courts, people's procuratorates, public security departments (bureaus), and civil affairs departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court and the Military Procuratorate of the People's Liberation Army; the Security Section of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army; the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; and the People's Procuratorate, the Public Security Bureau, and the Civil Affairs Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院、人民检察院、公安厅(局)、民政厅(局),解放军军事法院、军事检察院、总政治部保卫部,新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院、新疆生产建设兵团人民检察院、公安局、民政局:
The Opinions on Legally Handling Several Issues on Guardian's Infringement upon the Rights and Interests of Minors, which will take effect on January 1, 2015, are hereby issued to you for your conscientious implementation. Please report the information on the implementation and the problems encountered respectively to the Supreme People's Court (“SPC”), the Supreme People's Procuratorate (“SPP”), the Ministry of Public Security (“MPS”), and the Ministry of Civil Affairs (“MCA”) in a timely manner. 现将《关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见》印发给你们,自2015年1月1日起实施,请认真遵照执行。执行情况及遇到的问题,请分别及时报告最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部。
Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院
Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院
Ministry of Public Security 公安部
Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部
December 18, 2014 2014年12月18日
Opinions on Legally Handling Several Issues on Guardian's Infringement upon the Rights and Interests of Minors 关于依法处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为若干问题的意见
To effectively protect the legal rights and interests of minors, strengthen the administrative and judicial protection for minors, and ensure proper care to minors, these Opinions are hereby formulated for the work relevant to the handling of guardian's act of infringing upon the rights and interests of minors (hereinafter referred to as “guardian's infringement act”) according to the General Principles of the Civil Law, the Civil Procedure Law, the Law on the Protection of Minors, and other laws and regulations. 为切实维护未成年人合法权益,加强未成年人行政保护和司法保护工作,确保未成年人得到妥善监护照料,根据民法通则民事诉讼法未成年人保护法等法律规定,现就处理监护人侵害未成年人权益行为(以下简称监护侵害行为)的有关工作制定本意见。
I. General provisions   一、一般规定
1. For the purpose of these Opinions, guardian's infringement act means the act of parents or other guardians (hereinafter referred to as “guardians”) sexually abusing, selling, abandoning, abusing, and violently hurting minors; instigating and utilizing minors to implement illegal and criminal acts; coercing or luring minors into begging or using them in begging; and seriously harming the physical and mental health of minors by failing to perform guardian's responsibilities. 1.本意见所称监护侵害行为,是指父母或者其他监护人(以下简称监护人)性侵害、出卖、遗弃、虐待、暴力伤害未成年人,教唆、利用未成年人实施违法犯罪行为,胁迫、诱骗、利用未成年人乞讨,以及不履行监护职责严重危害未成年人身心健康等行为。
2. In handling guardian's infringement act, the principle of the best interests of minors shall be followed; the physical and psychological characteristics, and personal dignity of minors shall be fully considered; and special and preferential protection shall be given to minors. 2.处理监护侵害行为,应当遵循未成年人最大利益原则,充分考虑未成年人身心特点和人格尊严,给予未成年人特殊、优先保护。
3. Any organization or individual shall be entitled to dissuade, deter or report the guardian's infringement act. 3.对于监护侵害行为,任何组织和个人都有权劝阻、制止或者举报。
The public security organs shall appropriately take measures to deter the guardian's infringement acts found in work and reported by entities and individuals in a timely manner, and take minors away from their guardians under emergency circumstances. 公安机关应当采取措施,及时制止在工作中发现以及单位、个人举报的监护侵害行为,情况紧急时将未成年人带离监护人。
The civil affairs departments shall establish the minors relief and protection institutions (including the salvation management stations and the centers for the assistance and protection of minors), assume responsibilities of temporary guardianship for minors entering the institutions due to guardian's infringement, and file applications to the people's courts for the revocation of guardian's qualification when necessary. 民政部门应当设立未成年人救助保护机构(包括救助管理站、未成年人救助保护中心),对因受到监护侵害进入机构的未成年人承担临时监护责任,必要时向人民法院申请撤销监护人资格。
The people's courts shall accept the applications for the ruling of personal safety protection and the cases on the revocation of guardian's qualification, and render judgments. 人民法院应当依法受理人身安全保护裁定申请和撤销监护人资格案件并作出裁判。
The people's procuratorates shall exercise legal supervision over the work of the public security organs and the people's courts in handling guardian's infringement act according to law. 人民检察院对公安机关、人民法院处理监护侵害行为的工作依法实行法律监督。
Where the people's courts, the people's procuratorates, and the public security organs have established special institutions for handling cases of minors, priority shall be given to the special institutions for handling cases of guardian's infringement. 人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关设有办理未成年人案件专门工作机构的,应当优先由专门工作机构办理监护侵害案件。
4. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates, the public security organs, and the civil affairs departments shall fully perform their duties, strengthen guidance and training, and improve the capacity and level of the protection of minors; strengthen communication and cooperation, establish an information sharing mechanism, and realize effective connection between administrative and judicial protection of minors. 4.人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、民政部门应当充分履行职责,加强指导和培训,提高保护未成年人的能力和水平;加强沟通协作,建立信息共享机制,实现未成年人行政保护和司法保护的有效衔接。
5. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates, the public security organs, and the civil affairs departments shall strengthen contact and cooperation with the National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council, the education department, the health department, the Communist Youth League, the women's federations, the China National Committee for the Wellbeing of the Youth Child, the villagers' (residents') committees of the residences of minors, and other institutions; actively guide, encourage and support the legal services institutions, social work and services agencies, public welfare and charitable organizations, volunteers, and other social forces; and jointly and effectively complete the protection of minors subject to guardian's infringement. 5.人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、民政部门应当加强与妇儿工委、教育部门、卫生部门、共青团、妇联、关工委、未成年人住所地村(居)民委员会等的联系和协作,积极引导、鼓励、支持法律服务机构、社会工作服务机构、公益慈善组织和志愿者等社会力量,共同做好受监护侵害的未成年人的保护工作。
II. Report and disposal   二、报告和处置
6. Schools, hospitals, villagers' (residents') committees, social work and services agencies, and other entities and their employees shall report the cases to the public security organs or resort to tip-off, when finding that minors are subject to guardian's infringement. 6.学校、医院、村(居)民委员会、社会工作服务机构等单位及其工作人员,发现未成年人受到监护侵害的,应当及时向公安机关报案或者举报。
Other entities and their employees and individuals, when finding that minors are subject to guardian's infringement, shall also report the cases to the public security organs or resort to tip-off. 其他单位及其工作人员、个人发现未成年人受到监护侵害的,也应当及时向公安机关报案或者举报。
7. The public security organs, upon receipt of the police reports and tip-off involving the act of the guardian's infringement, shall immediately dispatch police force, stop the infringement acts which are taking place, and promptly conduct investigation. Where the conditions for filing criminal cases are satisfied, cases shall be filed immediately. 7.公安机关接到涉及监护侵害行为的报案、举报后,应当立即出警处置,制止正在发生的侵害行为并迅速进行调查。符合刑事立案条件的,应当立即立案侦查。
8. The public security organs, during the process of handling cases of guardian's infringement, shall collect fixed evidences in a timely and comprehensive manner under the legal procedures, to ensure the quality of case handling. 8.公安机关在办理监护侵害案件时,应当依照法定程序,及时、全面收集固定证据,保证办案质量。
The physical and psychological characteristics of minors shall be considered in inquiring about the minors. Gentle ways shall be adopted to prevent causing further damage. 询问未成年人,应当考虑未成年人的身心特点,采取和缓的方式进行,防止造成进一步伤害。
Other guardians of minors, if any, shall be notified to be present. Where other guardians are unable to be notified or be present, other adult relatives of minors, the representatives of their schools, the villagers' (residents') committees, the minors protection organizations, and the professional social workers may be notified to be present. 未成年人有其他监护人的,应当通知其他监护人到场。其他监护人无法通知或者未能到场的,可以通知未成年人的其他成年亲属、所在学校、村(居)民委员会、未成年人保护组织的代表以及专业社会工作者等到场。
9. Where the guardian's infringement acts constitute violation of the act of public security administration, the public security organs shall impose public security administration punishment according to law. However, where public security administration punishment is not imposed under extremely lenient circumstances, the guardians shall be criticized and educated, which shall be notified to the local villagers' (residents') committees. Where a crime is constituted, the guardians shall be investigated for criminal liabilities. 9.监护人的监护侵害行为构成违反治安管理行为的,公安机关应当依法给予治安管理处罚,但情节特别轻微不予治安管理处罚的,应当给予批评教育并通报当地村(居)民委员会;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
10. Where guardians suspected of suffering from mental disorders have committed acts of harming the safety of minors or jeopardizing the safety of minors, their close relatives, entities, and local public security organs shall immediately adopt measures to stop them and send them to medical institutions for mental disorder diagnosis. 10.对于疑似患有精神障碍的监护人,已实施危害未成年人安全的行为或者有危害未成年人安全危险的,其近亲属、所在单位、当地公安机关应当立即采取措施予以制止,并将其送往医疗机构进行精神障碍诊断。
11. When finding that minors are bodily harmed seriously, subject to serious threats to personal safety, or under the hazardous situation of being unattended during the process of dispatching police force, the public security organs shall take them away from the guardians committing the guardian's infringement acts, send them to nearby guardians, relatives, villagers' (residents') committees, or minors relief and protection institutions, and undergo the written handover formalities. Where minors have ability to express, their opinions on the escort site shall be solicited. 11.公安机关在出警过程中,发现未成年人身体受到严重伤害、面临严重人身安全威胁或者处于无人照料等危险状态的,应当将其带离实施监护侵害行为的监护人,就近护送至其他监护人、亲属、村(居)民委员会或者未成年人救助保护机构,并办理书面交接手续。未成年人有表达能力的,应当就护送地点征求未成年人意见。
The entities and persons responsible for receiving minors (hereinafter referred to as the “temporary caregivers”) shall offer minors temporary emergency shelters and short-term life care, and protect the personal safety of minors, but shall not infringe upon the legal rights and interests of minors. 负责接收未成年人的单位和人员(以下简称临时照料人)应当对未成年人予以临时紧急庇护和短期生活照料,保护未成年人的人身安全,不得侵害未成年人合法权益。
The public security organs shall notify the temporary caregivers in writing of being entitled to apply for ruling on personal safety protection and revocation of guardians' qualification with the people's courts. 公安机关应当书面告知临时照料人有权依法向人民法院申请人身安全保护裁定和撤销监护人资格。
12. For minors who are subject to serious bodily harm and need medical care, the public security organs shall send them to hospitals for treatment in advance, and inform other relatives with guardian's qualification of taking care of them, or informing the local minors relief and protection institutions of carrying out follow-up relief work. 12.对身体受到严重伤害需要医疗的未成年人,公安机关应当先行送医救治,同时通知其他有监护资格的亲属照料,或者通知当地未成年人救助保护机构开展后续救助工作。
Their guardians shall assume the costs of medical treatment in accordance with law. Other relatives, the minors relief and protection institutions, and other institutions which pay medical rescue expenses in advance shall be entitled to claim compensation from the guardians. 监护人应当依法承担医疗救治费用。其他亲属和未成年人救助保护机构等垫付医疗救治费用的,有权向监护人追偿。
13. The public security organs which escort minors subject to guardian's infringement to the minors relief and protection institutions shall provide explanations on the investigation and punishment of the cases within five working days. 13.公安机关将受监护侵害的未成年人护送至未成年人救助保护机构的,应当在五个工作日内提供案件侦办查处情况说明。
14. Where the guardian's infringement acts may constitute the crime of abuse, the public security organs shall inform minors or their close relatives of being entitled to complain or complain on their behalf, and notify the local people's procuratorates at the same level. 14.监护侵害行为可能构成虐待罪的,公安机关应当告知未成年人及其近亲属有权告诉或者代为告诉,并通报所在地同级人民检察院。
Where minors and their close relatives fail to complain, the people's procuratorates shall initiate prosecution. 未成年人及其近亲属没有告诉的,由人民检察院起诉。
III. Ruling on temporary placement and personal safety protection
......
   三、临时安置和人身安全保护裁定
......

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