>>>welcome visitor, haven't logged in. Login
Subscribe Now Contact us  
Font Size:  A A A Search “Fabao” Window English 中文 = 简体  繁体
  Favorite   DownLoad   Print
 
Pharmaceutical Administration Law of the People's Republic of China (2013 Amendment) [Revised]
中华人民共和国药品管理法(2013修正) [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

 

Pharmaceutical Administration Law of the People's Republic of China

 

中华人民共和国药品管理法

(Adopted at the Seventh Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 20, 1984, revised at the Twentieth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on February 28, 2001 and amended in accordance with the Decision on Amending Seven Laws Including the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China at the Sixth Session of the Standing Committee of the Twentieth National People's Congress on December 28, 2013) (1984年9月20日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过 2001年2月28日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议修订 根据2013年12月28日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法〉等七部法律的决定》修正)

Contents 目录
Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总 则
Chapter II Administration of Pharmaceutical Producing Enterprises 第二章 药品生产企业管理
Chapter III Administration of Pharmaceutical Trading Enterprises 第三章 药品经营企业管理
Chapter IV Administration of Pharmaceuticals at Medical Organizations 第四章 医疗机构的药剂管理
Chapter V Pharmaceutical Administration 第五章 药品管理
Chapter VI Administration of the Packaging of Pharmaceuticals 第六章 药品包装的管理
Chapter VII Administration of the Prices and Advertising of Pharmaceuticals 第七章 药品价格和广告的管理
Chapter VIII Supervision over Pharmaceuticals 第八章 药品监督
Chapter IX Legal Responsibility 第九章 法律责任
Chapter X Supplementary Provisions 第十章 附 则
 

Chapter I General Provisions 第一章 总 则

Article 1 This law is formulated to enhance the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals, ensure their quality, guarantee safety in medication, and safeguard the health and legal rights and interests of the people.   第一条 为加强药品监督管理,保证药品质量,保障人体用药安全,维护人民身体健康和用药的合法权益,特制定本法。
Article 2 The law shall be applicable to any units or individuals engaged in research, production, trade, use, supervision and management of pharmaceuticals within the territory of the People's Republic of China.   第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事药品的研制、生产、经营、使用和监督管理的单位或者个人,必须遵守本法。
Article 3 The State shall develop both modern and traditional medicines encourage their role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and in health care.   第三条 国家发展现代药和传统药,充分发挥其在预防、医疗和保健中的作用。
The State shall protect the resources of wild medicinal resources and encourage the domestic cultivation of Chinese traditional medicinal crops. 国家保护野生药材资源,鼓励培育中药材。
Article 4 The State shall encourage the research and production of new medicine and protect the legal rights and interests of its citizens, natural persons and other organizations in the research and development of new medicine.   第四条 国家鼓励研究和创制新药,保护公民、法人和其他组织研究、开发新药的合法权益。
Article 5 The pharmaceuticals supervisory and administrative departments under the State Council shall be responsible for the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals throughout the country. Other relevant departments under the State Council shall be responsible for the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals related to the scope of their functions.   第五条 国务院药品监督管理部门主管全国药品监督管理工作。国务院有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责与药品有关的监督管理工作。
The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall be responsible for the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals within their administrative regions. Other relevant departments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall be responsible for the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals related to the scope of their functions. 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门负责本行政区域内的药品监督管理工作。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责与药品有关的监督管理工作。
The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments under the State Council shall cooperate with the general administrative department of the economy under the State Council to carry out pharmaceutical development plans and industrial policies formulated by the State. 国务院药品监督管理部门应当配合国务院经济综合主管部门,执行国家制定的药品行业发展规划和产业政策。
Article 6 The pharmaceutical inspection institutions established or approved by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall be charged with the work of pharmaceutical examination and approval, as well as quality inspection, in accordance with laws and regulations.   第六条 药品监督管理部门设置或者确定的药品检验机构,承担依法实施药品审批和药品质量监督检查所需的药品检验工作。
 

Chapter II Administration of Pharmaceutical Producing Enterprises 第二章 药品生产企业管理

Article 7 The establishment of a pharmaceutical producing enterprise must be approved by and issued a Pharmaceutical Production License by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central government in which the enterprise is located.The establishment shall be registered at the industry and commerce administrative department based on the Pharmaceutical Production License, without which no pharmaceuticals shall be produced.   第七条 开办药品生产企业,须经企业所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品生产许可证》,凭《药品生产许可证》到工商行政管理部门办理登记注册。无《药品生产许可证》的,不得生产药品。
The Pharmaceutical Production License shall bear the scope of production and a period of validity, and upon expiration a new license shall be issued after examination for its renewal. 《药品生产许可证》应当标明有效期和生产范围,到期重新审查发证。
The approval of the establishment of pharmaceutical producing enterprises by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall be in conformity with Article 8 of this law, as well as the pharmaceutical development plan and the industrial policies formulated by the State to avoid the instance of a repeat establishment. 药品监督管理部门批准开办药品生产企业,除依据本法第八条规定的条件外,还应当符合国家制定的药品行业发展规划和产业政策,防止重复建设。
Article 8 To establish a pharmaceutical producing enterprise, the following requirements must be met:   第八条 开办药品生产企业,必须具备以下条件:
(1) It shall be staffed with legally certified pharmaceutical technical personnel, engineering technical personnel, as well as corresponding skilled workers. (一)具有依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员、工程技术人员及相应的技术工人;
(2) It shall have factory premises, facilities and a sanitary environment suitable for the medicines produced. (二)具有与其药品生产相适应的厂房、设施和卫生环境;
(3) It shall have a unit or competent personnel capable of inspecting the quality of the medicines produced, as well as necessary instruments and equipment. (三)具有能对所生产药品进行质量管理和质量检验的机构、人员以及必要的仪器设备;
(4) It shall have rules and regulations to ensure the quality of medicines. (四)具有保证药品质量的规章制度。
Article 9 Pharmaceutical producing enterprises must organize production in accordance with the “Standards for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Production” formulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments under the State Council on the basis of this Law. Pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall confirm whether the pharmaceutical producing enterprises have met the requirements of the “Standards,” and shall issue certificates to those qualified ones.   第九条 药品生产企业必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门依据本法制定的《药品生产质量管理规范》组织生产。药品监督管理部门按照规定对药品生产企业是否符合《药品生产质量管理规范》的要求进行认证;对认证合格的,发给认证证书。
The detailed implementation measures and implementation process of the “Standards for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Production” shall be formulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council. 药品生产质量管理规范》的具体实施办法、实施步骤由国务院药品监督管理部门规定。
Article 10 Except in the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines into ready-to-use forms, pharmaceuticals must be produced in accordance with the national pharmaceutical standard and the technological procedures approved by the supervisory and administrative departments of pharmaceuticals under the State Council, and the record of production must be complete and accurate. The changes of technological procedure made by the pharmaceutical producing enterprises which affect the quality of the pharmaceuticals shall be examined and approved by the original approval authorities.   第十条 除中药饮片的炮制外,药品必须按照国家药品标准和国务院药品监督管理部门批准的生产工艺进行生产,生产记录必须完整准确。药品生产企业改变影响药品质量的生产工艺的,必须报原批准部门审核批准。
The process for preparing traditional Chinese medicines into ready-to-use forms must conform to the national pharmaceutical standards, and in the absence of such standards, the process must conform to the processing standards stipulated by the supervisory and administrative departments of pharmaceuticals of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government. The processing standards stipulated by the supervisory and administrative departments of pharmaceuticals of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central governments shall be placed on record at the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council. 中药饮片必须按照国家药品标准炮制;国家药品标准没有规定的,必须按照省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门制定的炮制规范炮制。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门制定的炮制规范应当报国务院药品监督管理部门备案。
Article 11 The raw and supplementary materials used for the production of pharmaceuticals must conform to the requirements for medicinal use.   第十一条 生产药品所需的原料、辅料,必须符合药用要求。
Article 12 The pharmaceutical producing enterprises must conduct quality inspections on the pharmaceuticals they produce; products which do not meet national pharmaceutical standards or are not prepared in conformity with the processing standards stipulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government shall not leave the factory.   第十二条 药品生产企业必须对其生产的药品进行质量检验;不符合国家药品标准或者不按照省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门制定的中药饮片炮制规范炮制的,不得出厂。
Article 13 With the approval of the drug regulatory department of the people's government of a province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, a pharmaceutical producing enterprise may produce pharmaceuticals as authorized by others.   第十三条 经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准,药品生产企业可以接受委托生产药品。
 

 Chapter III Administration of Pharmaceutical Trading Enterprises 第三章 药品经营企业管理

Article 14 The establishment of pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises must be sanctioned by the competent local authorities of the production and trade of pharmaceuticals of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government, which will issue a Pharmaceutical Trade License. The establishment of pharmaceutical retail enterprises must be sanctioned by local authorities for the supervision and control of pharmaceuticals at or above the county level, which will issue a Pharmaceutical Trade License, on the basis of which registration at the industry and commerce administrative departments shall be conducted. Without the Pharmaceutical Trade License, any enterprises shall not engage in the trade of pharmaceuticals.   第十四条 开办药品批发企业,须经企业所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品经营许可证》;开办药品零售企业,须经企业所在地县级以上地方药品监督管理部门批准并发给《药品经营许可证》,凭《药品经营许可证》到工商行政管理部门办理登记注册。无《药品经营许可证》的,不得经营药品。
A Pharmaceutical Trade License shall bear a scope of trade and a period of validity, and upon expiration a new license shall be issued after examination for its renewal. 《药品经营许可证》应当标明有效期和经营范围,到期重新审查发证。
The approval of the establishment of pharmaceutical trading enterprises by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall adhere to the principle of reasonable positioning and convenience for buying of pharmaceuticals, and in addition must conform to Article 15 of this Law. 药品监督管理部门批准开办药品经营企业,除依据本法第十五条规定的条件外,还应当遵循合理布局和方便群众购药的原则。
Article 15 To establish a pharmaceutical trading enterprise, the following requirements must be met   第十五条 开办药品经营企业必须具备以下条件:
1. It shall be staffed with legally certified pharmaceutical technical personnel. (一)具有依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员;
2. It shall have business premises, equipment, storage facilities and a sanitary environment suitable for the pharmaceuticals in which it trades. (二)具有与所经营药品相适应的营业场所、设备、仓储设施、卫生环境;
3. It shall have a quality control organ or personnel suitable for the pharmaceuticals in which it trades. (三)具有与所经营药品相适应的质量管理机构或者人员;
4. It shall have rules and regulations to ensure the quality of the pharmaceuticals in which it trades. (四)具有保证所经营药品质量的规章制度。
Article 16 Pharmaceutical producing enterprises must trade in pharmaceuticals in accordance with the “Standards for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Trading” stipulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments under the State Council on the basis of this Law. Pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments shall certify whether pharmaceutical trading enterprises meet the requirements of the “Standards for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Trading” in accordance with relevant regulations, and issue certifications to qualified enterprises.   第十六条 药品经营企业必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门依据本法制定的《药品经营质量管理规范》经营药品。药品监督管理部门按照规定对药品经营企业是否符合《药品经营质量管理规范》的要求进行认证;对认证合格的,发给认证证书。
Detailed implementation measures and procedures for the “Standards for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Trading” shall be stipulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments under the State Council. 药品经营质量管理规范》的具体实施办法、实施步骤由国务院药品监督管理部门规定。
Article 17 Pharmaceutical trading enterprises must formulate and implement check and approval rules for the purchase of pharmaceuticals, and check pharmaceutical certifications and other marks while purchasing pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals that do not meet the required standards must not be purchased.   第十七条 药品经营企业购进药品,必须建立并执行进货检查验收制度,验明药品合格证明和其他标识;不符合规定要求的,不得购进。
Article 18 Pharmaceutical trading enterprises shall keep accurate and complete records of purchased pharmaceuticals. Purchasing records must bear information on the pharmaceutical product's generic names, types, specifications, batches, valid periods, producing enterprises, purchasing (selling) units, purchasing (selling) quantity, purchasing and selling price, purchasing (selling) date and other contents required by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council.   第十八条 药品经营企业购销药品,必须有真实完整的购销记录。购销记录必须注明药品的通用名称、剂型、规格、批号、有效期、生产厂商、购(销)货单位、购(销)货数量、购销价格、购(销)货日期及国务院药品监督管理部门规定的其他内容。
Article 19 It is imperative for pharmaceutical trading enterprises, in the sale of pharmaceuticals, to be accurate and free of mistakes, and to provide correct directions for use, dosage and precautions. Prescriptions being dispensed must be checked. Pharmaceutical products listed in the prescription must not be presumptuously changed or substituted. Prescriptions containing incompatible substances or excessive dosages shall be rejected by the dispensary. If necessary, such prescriptions can be dispensed after they have been corrected or re-signed by the doctors who wrote them.   第十九条 药品经营企业销售药品必须准确无误,并正确说明用法、用量和注意事项;调配处方必须经过核对,对处方所列药品不得擅自更改或者代用。对有配伍禁忌或者超剂量的处方,应当拒绝调配;必要时,经处方医师更正或者重新签字,方可调配。
When traditional Chinese medicinal materials are offered for sale by pharmaceutical trading enterprises, their origin must be indicated. 药品经营企业销售中药材,必须标明产地。
Article 20 Rules for storage of pharmaceuticals shall be formulated and implemented by pharmaceutical trading enterprises, which must adopt necessary measures to facilitate cold storage and protection against freezing, moisture, insects and rodents to ensure pharmaceutical quality.   第二十条 药品经营企业必须制定和执行药品保管制度,采取必要的冷藏、防冻、防潮、防虫、防鼠等措施,保证药品质量。
An inspection system shall be carried out for pharmaceuticals entering or leaving a warehouse. 药品入库和出库必须执行检查制度。
Article 21 Unless otherwise stipulated by the State, traditional Chinese medicinal materials may be marketed at urban or rural fairs.   第二十一条 城乡集市贸易市场可以出售中药材,国务院另有规定的除外。
Pharmaceuticals other than traditional Chinese medicinal materials may not be sold at urban or rural fairs, but those retail enterprises which have the Pharmaceutical Trade License may set up stalls at urban or rural fairs to sell pharmaceuticals other than traditional Chinese medicinal materials within prescribed areas. Detailed measures shall be stipulated by the State Council. 城乡集市贸易市场不得出售中药材以外的药品,但持有《药品经营许可证》的药品零售企业在规定的范围内可以在城乡集市贸易市场设点出售中药材以外的药品。具体办法由国务院规定。
 

Chapter IV Administration of Pharmaceuticals at Medical Organizations 第四章 医疗机构的药剂管理

Article 22 Medical organizations must be staffed with legally certified pharmaceutical technical personnel. Non-pharmaceutical technical personnel may not be directly engaged in the technical work of the pharmacy.   第二十二条 医疗机构必须配备依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员。非药学技术人员不得直接从事药剂技术工作。
Article 23 To make medicinal preparations, a medical organization must be examined and approved by the administrative departments of health of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government where the organization is located , and approved and issued a Dispensing Permit for Medical Organizations by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government. No medicinal preparations shall be made without a Dispensing Permit for Medical Organizations.   第二十三条 医疗机构配制制剂,须经所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门审核同意,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准,发给《医疗机构制剂许可证》。无《医疗机构制剂许可证》的,不得配制制剂。
The Dispensing Permit for Medical Organizations shall bear a period of validity, and upon expiration a new license shall be issued after examination for its renewal. 《医疗机构制剂许可证》应当标明有效期,到期重新审查发证。
Article 24 Medical organizations that make medicinal preparations must have facilities, a managerial system, inspection instruments, and a sanitary environment to ensure quality.   第二十四条 医疗机构配制制剂,必须具有能够保证制剂质量的设施、管理制度、检验仪器和卫生条件。
Article 25 The medicinal preparations made by medical organizations shall be of the kinds that supply the clinical needs of the units themselves but have not been supplied on the market, and must not be made until the approval of the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government where the units are located. The quality of the medicinal preparations made by medical organizations must be inspected in accordance with relevant regulations. Those preparations conforming to standard can be used as the doctor prescribes. Under special circumstances, with approval from the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments of the central government or of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the medicinal preparations made by medical organizations can be shared among appointed medical organizations.   第二十五条 医疗机构配制的制剂,应当是本单位临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种,并须经所在地省、自治区、直辖市人民政府药品监督管理部门批准后方可配制。配制的制剂必须按照规定进行质量检验;合格的,凭医师处方在本医疗机构使用。特殊情况下,经国务院或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府的药品监督管理部门批准,医疗机构配制的制剂可以在指定的医疗机构之间调剂使用。
Medicinal preparations made by medical organizations may not be sold on the market. 医疗机构配制的制剂,不得在市场销售。
Article 26 When purchasing pharmaceuticals, medical organizations must formulate and implement a system of quality inspection and check the certificates and other marks of pharmaceuticals. Those pharmaceuticals that do not meet the requirements of relevant regulations shall not be purchased and used.   第二十六条 医疗机构购进药品,必须建立并执行进货检查验收制度,验明药品合格证明和其他标识;不符合规定要求的,不得购进和使用。
Article 27 Prescriptions being dispensed by the dispensers of medical organizations must be checked. Pharmaceuticals listed in prescriptions must not be presumptuously changed or substituted. Prescriptions containing incompatible substances or excessive dosages shall be rejected by the dispensary. If necessary, such prescriptions can be dispensed after they have been corrected or re-signed by the doctors who wrote them.   第二十七条 医疗机构的药剂人员调配处方,必须经过核对,对处方所列药品不得擅自更改或者代用。对有配伍禁忌或者超剂量的处方,应当拒绝调配;必要时,经处方医师更正或者重新签字,方可调配。
Article 28 Rules for storage of pharmaceuticals shall be formulated and implemented by medical organizations, which must adopt necessary measures to facilitate cold storage and protection against cold, moisture, insects and rodents to ensure the quality of pharmaceuticals.   第二十八条 医疗机构必须制定和执行药品保管制度,采取必要的冷藏、防冻、防潮、防虫、防鼠等措施,保证药品质量。
 

Chapter V Pharmaceutical Administration 第五章 药 品 管 理

Article 29 When producing a new medicine, it is necessary to submit information about the methods of production, quality indices, pharmacological and toxicological testing results, and other related materials and sales as required by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the State Council, only after whose approval can clinical tests be carried out. Certifying measures for clinical test units shall be jointly formulated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council and the administrative department of health under the State Council.   第二十九条 研制新药,必须按照国务院药品监督管理部门的规定如实报送研制方法、质量指标、药理及毒理试验结果等有关资料和样品,经国务院药品监督管理部门批准后,方可进行临床试验。药物临床试验机构资格的认定办法,由国务院药品监督管理部门、国务院卫生行政部门共同制定。
A new medicine which has completed its clinical tests and been approved after appraisal shall be issued a certificate of new medicine by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council. 完成临床试验并通过审批的新药,由国务院药品监督管理部门批准,发给新药证书。
Article 30 The pharmaceutical non-clinical safety appraisal and research units and the clinical test units must respectively carry out the quality control standard for pharmaceutical non-clinical research and the quality control standard for pharmaceutical clinical test.   第三十条 药物的非临床安全性评价研究机构和临床试验机构必须分别执行药物非临床研究质量管理规范药物临床试验质量管理规范
The quality control standard for pharmaceutical non-clinical research and the quality control standard for pharmaceutical clinical test shall be formulated by the department appointed by the State Council. 药物非临床研究质量管理规范药物临床试验质量管理规范由国务院确定的部门制定。
Article 31 A new medicine or medicine standardized by the State can be put into production only after the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council has approved it and issued a registered document of approval. However, this does not apply to the production of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and traditional Chinese medicine prepared in ready-to-use forms that are not controlled under a registered document of approval. For those traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and traditional Chinese medicines prepared in ready-to-use forms that are controlled with registered document of approval, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council and the administrative department of traditional Chinese medicines under the State Council shall jointly formulate their type catalogue.   第三十一条 生产新药或者已有国家标准的药品的,须经国务院药品监督管理部门批准,并发给药品批准文号;但是,生产没有实施批准文号管理的中药材和中药饮片除外。实施批准文号管理的中药材、中药饮片品种目录由国务院药品监督管理部门会同国务院中医药管理部门制定。
Pharmaceutical producing enterprises can produce medicine only after obtaining the registered document of approval. 药品生产企业在取得药品批准文号后,方可生产该药品。
Article 32 Pharmaceuticals must meet the pharmaceutical standards of the State. Article 10 (2) of this Law shall be applied to traditional Chinese medicines prepared in ready-to-use forms.   第三十二条 药品必须符合国家药品标准。中药饮片依照本法第十条第二款的规定执行。
The “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China” and the pharmaceutical standards promulgated by the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department under the State Council shall be the State pharmaceutical standards.
......
 国务院药品监督管理部门颁布的《中华人民共和国药典》和药品标准为国家药品标准。


......


Dear visitor, as a premium member of this database, you will get complete access to all content.Please go premium and get more.

1. To become a premium member, please call 400-810-8266 Ext. 171.

2. Binding to the account with access to this database.

3. Apply for a trial account.

4. To get instant access to a document, you can Pay Amount 【¥1300.00】 for your single purchase.
 
您好:您现在要进入的是北大法宝英文库会员专区。
如您是我们英文用户可直接 登录,进入会员专区查询您所需要的信息;如您还不是我们 的英文用户;您可通过网上支付进行单篇购买,支付成功后即可立即查看本篇内容。
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail:info@chinalawinfo.com
     
     
Scan QR Code and Read on Mobile
【法宝引证码】        北大法宝en.pkulaw.cn
Message: Please kindly comment on the present translation.
 
Confirmation Code:
Click image to reset code
 
  Translations are by lawinfochina.com, and we retain exclusive copyright over content found on our website except for content we publish as authorized by respective copyright owners or content that is publicly available from government sources.

Due to differences in language, legal systems, and culture, English translations of Chinese law are for reference purposes only. Please use the official Chinese-language versions as the final authority. Lawinfochina.com and its staff will not be directly or indirectly liable for use of materials found on this website.

We welcome your comments and suggestions, which assist us in continuing to improve the quality of our materials as we dynamically expand content.
 
Home | About us | Disclaimer | Chinese