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Report on the Work of the People's Courts (2013)
人民法院工作年度报告(2013年)
【法宝引证码】

Report on the Work of the People's Courts (2013)

 

人民法院工作年度报告(2013年)

Preface 

前言
The year 2013 was a year of great historic importance. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party adopted important strategic planning for further deepening the reform comprehensively in the new situations, setting forth new task for judicial reform deepening. The Party's planning points out the right direction and path for the people's court's further reform work of judicature, to better serve national socio-economic development and realizing its own scientific development. 2013年是具有重要历史意义的一年。 党的十八届三中全会对新形势下全面深化改革作出重大战略部署,对深化司法体制改革提出新的任务,为人民法院深化司法体制改革,服务国家经济社会发展和实现自身科学发展,指明了方向和道路。
Over the past year, the people's courts at all levels in China, while holding high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the “Three Represents” and the Scientific Outlook on Development, have thoroughly implemented the guiding principles of the Party's 18th National Congress, its Central Committee's Second Session and Third Session, and Resolutions adopted by the First Session of the 12th National People's Congress (NPC). Chinese courts also studied and implemented the spirits of a series of important speeches made by General Secretary Xi Jinping, closely centering around its aims of “letting the ordinary people feel the justice in every judicial case”, sticking to the mainline of justice for the people and justice in judicial work, and faithfully fulfilled their constitutional duty and legal duty, in exercise of their judicial powers in an independent and just manner. The courts made arduous efforts, as well as new achievements, in areas such as serving the overall work of the Party and the State, upholding social equity and justice, respecting and protecting human rights, advancing the rule of law, promoting healthy economic development and social harmony and stability, thereby providing solid judicial safeguards for the causes of a Safe and Secure China, and the Rule of Law for China. 一年来,全国各级人民法院高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜, 以邓小平理论、 “三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导,全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中全会精神以及十二届全国人大一次会议决议,认真学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,紧紧围绕“让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都感受到公平正义”的目标,牢牢坚持司法为民、公正司法主线, 忠实履行宪法和法律赋予的职责,依法独立公正行使审判权,在服务党和国家工作大局、维护社会公平正义、尊重和保障人权、推进法治国家建设、促进经济健康发展和社会和谐稳定等方面进行了艰辛努力,作出了新的成绩,为推进平安中国、法治中国建设提供了有力司法保障。
These achievements were hard made by the people's courts, thanks to the reliable leadership of the Party, rigorous supervision by the NPC, and the forceful support from the government, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), all social sectors and fields, and the general public. These are results coming from cordial care of NPC deputies and CPPCC members, and from the hard and united work of 330000 police officers of the people's courts nationwide. 人民法院取得的成绩来之不易,这是党的坚强领导、人大有力监督和政府、政协、有关部门、社会各界和人民群众大力支持的结果,是全国人大代表、全国政协委员关心爱护的结果,是全国法院 33万名干警团结奋斗、努力拼搏的结果。
To willingly accept the supervision of all sectors of society, and to enhance further judicial transparency, the Supreme People's Court hereby publishes, for the fifth time, Report on the Work of the People's Courts. 为主动接受社会各界监督,进一步推进司法公开,最高人民法院第五次发布《人民法院工作年度报告》。
The Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院
June, 2014 二0一四年六月
Contents 目  录
Law Enforcement and Case Adjudication 执法办案篇
I Adjudication of Criminal Cases (89) 一、刑事审判工作
II Adjudication of Civil and Commercial Cases (98) 二、民商事审判工作
III Adjudication of Administrative Cases (112) 三、行政审判工作
IV Work of State Compensation (115) 四、国家赔偿工作
V Work of Judgment Enforcement (118) 五、执行工作
VI Case Filing and Petitions through Letters and Visits (122) 六、立案信访工作
VII Supervision of Adjudication (125) 七、审判监督工作
Management Innovation 管理创新篇
I Work of Adjudication Management (131) 一、审判管理工作
II Work of Staff Management (132) 二、队伍建设工作
III Work of Clean Courts and Anti-Corruption Supervision (136) 三、廉政监察工作
IV Work of Administrative Management (139) 四、司法行政工作
V Information Technology Application (141) 五、信息化建设
VI Supervision from outside the Courts (142) 六、接受监督情况
VII Outreach and Media Activities (144) 七、新闻宣传工作
VIII Foreign Exchanges (146) 八、对外交流工作
Reform and Development 改革发展篇
I Work of Trial Guidance (151) 一、审判指导工作
II Work of Theoretical Research (155) 二、理论研究工作
III Work of Judicial Reform (159) 三、司法改革工作
Law Enforcement and Case Adjudication 执法办案篇
The year 2013 saw a steadily increasing caseload handled by the people's courts, case quality was further improved and adjudication and enforcement experienced an overall stability. The Supreme People's Court (referred to as the SPC hereinafter) accepted and heard 11016 cases in total,[]up 3.18% year over year, concluded 9716 cases,[] up 1.58% year over year, and the percentage of cases concluded within the statutory trial period was 95.69%. Local people's courts accepted and heard 14216957 cases, up 7.35% year over year, and concluded 12946633 cases, up 4.44% year over year; the percentage of cases concluded within the time limit of trial was 99.38%, and the total value amount in controversy was Renminbi (RMB)2263125 million Yuan. 2013年,人民法院案件数量持续增长,案件质量进一步提升,审判执行工作总体态势平稳。最高人民法院共受理各类案件11 016件,(注① 受理案件是指当年新收案件与上年结转案件的总和,下同。)同比上升 3.18%;审结9716件,(注② 审结案件含上年结转的案件,下同。)同比上升1.58%;审限内结案率为95.69%。地方各级人民法院共受理各类案件14 216 957件,同比上升7.35%;审执结 12 946 633件,同比上升4.44%;审限内结案率为 99.38%;案件标的金额22 631.25亿元。
Number of Cases Concluded by Local People's Courts (2009-2013) 
Among cases of all types concluded in 2013, criminal cases accounted for 8.19%, civil and commercial cases 63.00%, administrative cases 1.21%, cases of petition and retrial application 0.90%, state compensation cases 0.02%, enforcement cases 20.99%, and cases concerning commutation and parole 5.01%. In terms of cases of first instance,8876733 cases were accepted, up 5.14% year over year, and 8585235 cases concluded, up 3.17% year over year; in terms of cases of second instance,767852 were accepted, up 5.18% year over year, and 749990 concluded, up 3.51% year over year; in terms of cases of retrial,37500 were accepted, down 2.39% year over year, and 36977 concluded, down 2.8% year over year. 从案件构成看,在2013年审执结的各类案件中,刑事案件占8.19%;民商事案件占63.00%;行政案件占1.21%;审查申诉和申请再审案件占 0.90%;国家赔偿案件占0.02%;执行案件占 20.99%;减刑、假释案件占5.07%。其中,新收各类一审案件8 876 733件,同比上升5.14%,审结8 585 235件,同比上升3.17%;新收各类二审案件767 852件,同比上升5.18%,审结749 990件,同比上升3.51%;新收各类再审案件37 500件,同比下降2.39%,审结36 977件,同比下降2.8%。
Breakdown of Cases of Various Types Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
Note:“Others” include the review and oversight of the petition cases for state compensation and enforcement cases. 注:“其他”包括对国家赔偿案件、执行案件的申诉审查与监督等案件。
In terms of sources of cases concluded in 2013, actions taken to and cases applied for enforcement brought to the people's courts by the litigants accounted for 87.53%; cases of public prosecution and cases of protest brought to the people's courts by the procuratorial authorities accounted for 7.40%, and cases concerning commutation and parole brought to the people's courts by the penalty execution authorities accounted for 5.07%. 从案件来源看,在2013年审执结的各类案件中,当事人直接向人民法院起诉、申请执行的案件占87.53%;检察机关向人民法院提起的公诉、抗诉案件占7.40%;刑罚执行机关向人民法院提起的减刑、假释案件占5.07%。
Sources of Cases Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
In terms of the case's positive results, people's courts of various levels in their work of adjudication and enforcement, exerted great efforts to realize an organic unity of the case's positive legal and social impacts. Among first instance cases concluded in 2013, those in which the litigants accepted judgments and legal effects ensued accounted for 91.1% and the rest in which the litigants objected to first instance judgments and appealed to higher-level courts, or the procuratorial authorities lodged a protest against first instance judgments, accounted for 8.9%. Among all the cases that took legal effect, those in which the litigants accepted first or second in stance judgments accounted for 98.6%, and cases of petition and retrial application, accounted for 1.4%. 从案件效果看,各级人民法院在审判执行工作中,努力实现法律效果和社会效果的有机统一。在 2013年审执结的各类一审案件中,当事人服判而直接生效的案件占91.1%,当事人不服一审裁判向上一级人民法院提出上诉或由检察机关提起抗诉的案件占8.9%;在全部生效案件中,一、二审裁判生效后当事人服判的案件占98.6%,申诉和申请再审的案件占1.4%。
Positive Results of Cases Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
In terms of case quality, to demonstrate adjudication quality, the rate of case-filing change, the rate of judgment amendment in appeal cases from first instance, and rate of remand for retrial of appeal cases from first instance, dropped 0.03,0.11 and 0.18 percentage point respectively; to demonstrate adjudication efficiency, the rate of case conclusion within normal time limits, the rate of application of summary procedure in first instance cases, the rate of judgments announced in courts increased 0.2,0.89 and 5.72 percentage points respectively; to demonstrate judicial openness, the rate of juror participation in first instance cases, the rate of open hearing in appeal cases, and the rate of review or hearing in retrial cases increased 10.64,5.11 and 2.99 percentage points respectively; to demonstrate adjudication positive effects, the rate of appeal dropped 1.05 percentage points. 从案件质量看,反映审判质量的立案变更率、一审上诉改判率、一审上诉发回重审率分别下降 0.03、0.11和0.18个百分点;反映审判效率的正常审限内结案率、一审简易程序适用率、当庭裁判率分别上升0.2、0.89和5.72个百分点;反映司法公开的一审陪审率、二审开庭审理率、再审审查询问(听证)率分别上升10.64、5.11和2.99个百分点;反映审判效果的上诉率下降1.05个百分点。
Case Quality Main Indices of People's Courts in 2013 2013年人民法院案件质量主要指标情况
 

I Adjudication of Criminal Cases   一、刑事审判工作
In 2013 the people's courts strictly enforced criminal laws,fully implemented the criminal justice policy of balancing leniency and severity, and paid equal attention to both punishing crimes and protecting human rights, for the purpose of ensuring people's enjoyment of peace and prosperity, promoting social harmony and stability, and maintaining our national long-term order and security. 

2013年,人民法院严格执行刑事法律,深入贯彻宽严相济刑事政策,坚持惩罚犯罪与保障人权并重,确保人民安居乐业,促进社会和谐稳定,维护国家长治久安。

 

1. Case Adjudication 1.案件审判情况
In 2013, the people's courts at all levels accepted 1079907 criminal cases of first instance, second instance and retrial, and concluded 1059752 cases, down 2.55% and 3.43% year over year respectively; among these cases,953976 criminal cases of first instance were concluded and 1157784 criminals were convicted, down 3.29% and 1.33% year over year respectively. 2013年,各级人民法院新收一审、二审、再审刑事案件1 079 907件,审结1 059 752件,同比分别下降2.55%和3.43%。其中,审结一审刑事案件953 976件,判处罪犯1 157 784人,同比分别下降3.29%和1.33%。
Criminal Cases of First Instance Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
-Severely punishing crimes endangering state security and public security. The courts heightened their punishment, tried in accordance with law an array of violent terrorist crimes, such as the serious violent terrorist crime case of April 23 in Bachu County, Xinjiang, and the serious violent terrorist attack case of June 26 in Shanshan County, Xinjiang, severely punished criminals endangering state security and public security, enhanced public sense of social safety and security and maintained national security and social stability. --严厉惩处危害国家安全和公共安全犯罪。加大惩处力度,依法审判新疆巴楚“4·23”严重暴力恐怖案、鄯善“6·26”严重暴力恐怖袭击案等一批暴力恐怖犯罪案件,严惩危害国家安全、公共安全犯罪分子,提高人民群众的社会安全感,维护国家安全和社会稳定。
-Punishing in accordance with law crimes seriously endange ring people's lives and property. The courts concluded 249547 cases of serious violence crimes such as murder, robbery, kidnapping, bombing, rape and intentional injury and frequently-occurred offenses against property including theft, robbery and fraud, and convicted 324598 criminals, dropping down 13.94% and 12.81% year over year respectively, protecting people's personal rights, property rights and other rights inviolable under law. --依法惩治严重危害人民群众生命财产安全犯罪。审结故意杀人、抢劫、绑架、爆炸、强奸、故意伤害等严重暴力犯罪案件以及盗窃、抢夺、诈骗等多发性侵财犯罪案件249 547件,判处罪犯 324 598人,同比分别下降13.94%和12.81%,保护人民群众的人身权、财产权等各项权利不受侵犯。
-Punishing in accordance with law crimes of infringing upon woman's and child's rights and interests. The courts concluded 1131 criminal cases of abducting and trafficking in women and children, down 41.03% year over year, and convicted 2018 criminals, down 28.69% year over year.26524 cases were concluded involving rape (including statutory rape against underage girls), acting indecently against or insulting a woman by force, and acting indecently against a child, down 7.06% year over year. Thus, the courts enforced laws to punish crimes of sexually assaulting or abusing minors, and protected legal rights and interests of women and children. --依法严惩侵害妇女、儿童权益犯罪。审结拐卖妇女、儿童刑事案件1131件,判处罪犯2018人,同比分别下降41.03%和28.69%;审结强奸罪(含奸淫幼女罪行)、强制猥亵侮辱妇女罪、猥亵儿童罪案件26 524件,同比下降7.06%。依法惩治性侵害未成年人犯罪,维护妇女、儿童合法权益。
-Severely punishing gang crimes and organized crimes. The people's courts concluded 439 cases of gang crime involving organizing, leading and participating in mafia-style criminal gangs, down 51.11% year over year.2941 criminals were convicted, down 38.45% year over year, among whom 1279 were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of five years or more. The courts exerted great efforts to suppress gang and mafia-style crimes, safeguarding social order. --严厉打击黑恶势力犯罪。审结组织、领导、参加黑社会性质组织犯罪案件439件,判处罪犯2941人,同比分别下降51.11%和38.45%,其中1279人被判处五年以上有期徒刑的刑罚。坚决打黑除恶,维护社会治安。
-Punishing cyber-crimes in accordance with law. The courts concluded 78 cyber-crime cases of hacking computer information systems and vandalizing computer information systems, and convicted 137 criminals, up 9.86% and down 4.86% year over year re spectively, enhancing the protection and information networks security. The courts also punished in accordance with law cyber thefts, telecommunication fraud and other such cyber-crimes against mass random people, and severely crack down on crimes such as intentional disinformation and blackmailing or extortion by using the information network, to cleanse the cyber space and maintain normal cyber order. --依法惩治网络犯罪。审结非法侵入计算机信息系统罪、破坏计算机信息系统罪案件78件,判处罪犯137人,同比分别上升9.86%和下降 4.86%,加大对信息网络安全的保护力度。依法惩处网络盗窃、电信诈骗等涉众型网络犯罪,严厉打击利用信息网络造谣传谣、敲诈勒索等犯罪行为,净化网络环境,维护正常的网络秩序。
-Containing drug-related crimes. The people's courts concluded 95216 cases involving drug-related crimes, and convicted 99469 criminals, up 24.82% and 22.76% year over year respectively. Courts intensified their efforts to crack down on drug-related crimes, and effectively contained spreading of such crimes. Besides, courts participated actively in fighting illegal drugs and severely punished drug-making crimes such as smuggling and trafficking of ephedrine compounds, in order to contain those drug-related crimes at the very source. --依法遏制毒品犯罪。审结毒品犯罪案件 95 216件,判处罪犯99 469人,同比分别上升 24.82%和22.76%,加大毒品犯罪的打击力度,有力遏制毒品犯罪蔓延。积极参与禁毒斗争,严惩走私、非法买卖麻黄碱类复方制剂等制造毒品犯罪,从源头遏制毒品犯罪。
-Forcefully punishing in accordance with law crimes undermining people's livelihood. The people's courts concluded 5064 cases of crimes undermining people's livelihood, such as crimes endangering food/medicine safety and crimes of environmental pollution, and convicted 6127 criminals, up 2.10% and 2.34% year over year respectively, thus maintaining high pressure, effectively deterring any other malefactors, and protecting people's life and health. --依法严惩危害民生犯罪。审结危害食品、药品安全犯罪,环境污染犯罪等危害民生犯罪案件 5064件,判处罪犯6127人,同比分别上升2.10%和2.34%,继续保持高压态势,有力震慑不法分子,切实维护人民群众的生命健康安全。
-Punishing in accordance with law crimes disrupting economic order. The people's courts concluded 50410 cases of economic crimes including illegal pyramid sales, smuggling, money laundering, unlawful fund-raising, financial fraud, insider trading and commercial bribery, and convicted 69391 criminals, down 19.61% and 7.44% year over year respectively, in order to maintain the order of the socialist market economy, and safeguard healthy and stable socio-economic growth. --依法惩处危害经济秩序犯罪。审结传销、走私、洗钱、非法集资、金融诈骗、内幕交易、商业贿赂等经济犯罪案件50 410件,判处罪犯69 391人,同比分别下降19.61%和7.44%,维护社会主义市场经济秩序,保障经济社会健康平稳发展。
-Punishing crimes of embezzlement, bribery and dereliction of duty. The people's courts concluded 23941 cases involving embezzlement and bribery and convicted 25799 criminals, down 7.51% and 4.98% year over year respectively. The courts also concluded 5185 cases of dereliction of duty and convicted 5691 criminals, down 4.67% and 4.83% year over year respectively. Among those cases were some major and most serious criminal cases, e. g. Bo Xilai's case of embezzlement, bribery and abuse of power, and Liu Zhijun's case of bribery and abuse of power. Courts efforts forcefully push forward the anti-corruption fight to a new high. --严惩贪污贿赂犯罪和渎职犯罪。审结贪污贿赂犯罪案件23 941件,判处罪犯25 799人,同比分别下降7.51%和4.98%;审结渎职犯罪案件 5185件,判处罪犯5691人,同比分别下降4.67%和4.83%,其中,包括薄熙来受贿、贪污、滥用职权案,刘志军受贿、滥用职权案等一批大案要案,有力推动了反腐败斗争的深入开展。
-Judiciously adjudicating and reviewing death sentences in strict accordance with law. The relevant courts exerted utmost efforts to conduct the review of death sentence, examined closely the legal facts, evidence and law application in every such case, to ensure that death sentence was only applicable to those rare criminals who had committed extremely serious crimes, posed greatest danger to society, was proved by hard and full evidence and deserved to be sent to death in accordance with law. --依法审慎裁判、复核死刑案件。认真做好死刑复核工作,严把案件事实关、证据关、法律关,确保死刑只适用于极少数罪行极其严重、社会危害极大、罪证切实充分、依法应当判处死刑的犯罪分子。
-Handling cases concerning commutation and parole in accordance with law. The people's courts concluded 606970 cases concerning commutation and 48896 cases concerning parole, up 0.63% and 4.05% year over year respectively. The courts established and improved the work procedures of sentence commutation, parole and temporary serving sentence outside prisons, closely examined the substantive factors, and streamlined the work of commutation, parole and temporary serving sentence outside prison for crimes by taking advantage of public duty. --依法办理减刑、假释案件。办理减刑案件 606 970件,假释案件48 896件,同比分别上升 0.63%和4.05%。建立健全减刑、假释和暂予监外执行工作程序,严格把握实体条件,规范职务犯罪减刑、假释和暂予监外执行工作。
2. Institution/Regulation Improvement and Implementation 2.制度建设和落实情况
-Fully implementing the amended Criminal Procedure Law. The courts was required to exercise their adjudication power in an independent and just manner, give full play to the function of the court hearing, and highlight the central role of court hearing, to ensure judicial justice. They are also required to adjudicate case based on evidence, exclude illegally obtained evidence in accordance with law, implement the rules of enabling conditions for the attendance of witness and expert witness in court hearing, and safeguard the defense lawyer's legal rights in criminal procedures. The work mechanism of mutual cooperation, mutual restriction and control and timely coordination among the courts police and procuratorial authorities is strictly put into practice, in order to prevent any possible unjust, false or erroneous case. --全面实施修改后的刑事诉讼法。坚持依法独立公正行使审判权,充分发挥庭审功能,突出庭审中心地位,确保司法公正。坚持证据裁判,依法排除非法证据,落实证人、鉴定人出庭保障制度,依法保障辩护律师的诉讼权利。严格落实与公安、检察机关互相配合、互相制约、及时沟通的工作机制,最大限度避免冤假错案。
-Timely promulgating judicial interpretations and normative documents. The SPC promulgated the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Hearing Criminal Cases of Refusing to Pay Labor Remuneration, in order to severely punish crimes of refusing to pay labor remuneration. The Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Theft, the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Blackmailing and Extortion, and the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Forcible Seizure were released, clarifying the standards of conviction and sentence in cases involving common crimes against property. The Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Endangering Food Safety and the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution were issued, for the purpose of strengthening the criminal justice safeguards of people's livelihood. To maintain a good cyber environment, the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Handling Criminal Cases of Slander and Libel by Using Information Networks was promulgated by SPC. Besides, the Opinion on Punishing in Accordance with Law the Offenses of Sexual Abuse Against Minors was issued, with a view to forcefully protecting the minor's legal rights and interests. --及时出台司法解释和规范性指导文件。发布《关于审理拒不支付劳动报酬刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,严惩拒不支付劳动报酬犯罪。发布《关于办理盗窃刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》、《关于办理敲诈勒索刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》、《关于办理抢夺刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,明确多发侵财犯罪的定罪量刑标准。发布《关于办理危害食品安全刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释、《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,强化对民生的刑事司法保障力度。发布《关于办理利用信息网络实施诽谤等刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,维护良好的网络环境。发布《关于依法惩治性侵害未成年人犯罪的意见》,有力维护未成年人的合法权益。
Judicial Interpretations by the SPC on Criminal Matters in 2013 2013年最高人民法院发布的刑事司法解释
-Properly resolving social conflicts. The courts strengthened the mediation work in civil actions supplementary to criminal case and in criminal private prosecutions, to realize the principle of resolving the conflicts throughout the whole process of criminal procedures. The relief system for victims in criminal cases was improved, in order to safeguard the victim's legal rights and interests, to give full play of positive role to the relief system in resolving conflicts and securing social stability. Various ways were adopted by courts to participate in national comprehensive governance of social management, and courts supported the building of prevention and control system of social order, and the order and security strengthening at grass-root level, to construct a social environment of harmony and stability in a united way. 

--妥善化解社会矛盾。加强刑事附带民事诉讼和刑事自诉案件的调解工作,坚持把化解矛盾贯穿刑事审判全过程。完善刑事被害人救助制度,保障被害人合法权益,充分发挥救助工作在化解矛盾、维护稳定方面的积极作用。采取多种方式参与社会管理综合治理,支持社会治安防控体系建设和基层平安创建活动,共同营造和谐稳定的社会环境。

-Keeping strengthening the reform of standardized sentencing. The courts effectively push forward the related experiment, did a good preparatory work in all aspects to enable the full implementation of standardized sentencing, amended and improved sentencing guiding opinions and implementation rules, and standardized and improved sentencing methods, sentencing benchmarks, sentencing mechanisms, and sentencing procedures, to further strengthen a scientific and practicable standardized sentencing, ensuring the justice and balancing in sentencing. 

--继续深化量刑规范化改革。有效推进试行工作,认真做好全面实施量刑规范化的各项准备工作,修订完善量刑指导意见及实施细则,规范和完善量刑方法、量刑基准、量刑机制、量刑程序,增强规范化量刑的科学性和可操作性,确保量刑公正、均衡。
-Standardizing the work of commutation and parole. The handling procedure of commutation and parole cases, centered around court adjudication, was established, and court hearing and transparency measures prior to adjudication were strengthened. Courts practiced report and record keeping for major sensitive cases, controlled the appropriate timing of sentence commutation, and set in accordance with law the beginning and end of serving time for commutation, interval between succeeding commutations and extent of each commutation. For criminals of special or sensitive cases, such as offenses taking advantage of public duty, mafia-style gang crimes, or financial crimes, the courts strictly standardized the commutation and parole work in steps of adjudication process, in order to ensure the positive effects of penalty enforcement. The courts of Henan Province actively promoted the practice of making commutation and parole cases available for public review before final decision. Courts in Yunnan Province put greater emphasis on the open court hearing concerning commutation and parole cases. And courts in Guangdong Province issued seven measures to improve the quality and effectiveness of commutation and parole work. --规范减刑、假释工作。建立以审判为中心的减刑、假释案件办理流程,加强开庭审理、裁前公示工作,实行重大敏感案件报告备案制度,准确把握减刑节奏,依法确定减刑的起止时间、间隔时间和减刑幅度,从审判环节严格规范职务犯罪、涉黑犯罪、金融犯罪等特殊敏感案件罪犯的减刑假释工作,确保刑罚执行的良好效果。河南法院积极推行减刑、假释案件裁前公示,云南法院强化减刑、假释案件公开审理,广东法院推出七项措施提升减刑、假释工作质效。
II Adjudication of Civil and Commercial Cases   二、民商事审判工作
In 2013, the people's courts nationwide accepted and heard 8442450 civil and commercial cases of first instance, second instance and retrial, and concluded 8155912 cases, up 6.33% and 4.24% year over year respectively. Among the civil and commercial cases concluded,?510584 were of first instance, up 4.22% year over year, and the total involved amount in controversy was RMB 1363267 million, up 7.37% year over year. 2013年,各级人民法院新收一审、二审、再审民商事案件8 442 450件,审结8 155 912件,同比分别上升6.33%和4.24%。其中,审结一审民商事案件7 510 584件,同比上升4.22%,案件标的金额13 632.67亿元,同比上升7.37%。
(I) Adjudication of Civil Cases (一)民事审判工作
In 2013, the people's courts acted on the principle of judicial justice and justice for all people, adjudicated in accordance with law those cases concerning safeguarding and improving people's livelihood, and upheld according to law people's legal rights and interests. 2013年,人民法院坚持公正司法,司法为民,依法审理各类保障和改善民生案件,依法维护人民合法权益。
1. Case Adjudication 1.案件审判情况
-Properly handling cases concerning marriage, family and inheritance disputes. The courts concluded 1611903 cases concerning marriage, family and inheritance disputes, down 2.16% year over year. These included 1283427 cases of divorce related disputes, up 3.18% year over year,72091 cases concerning support for elderly, child support and spousal support disputes, up 3.49% year over year, and 111285 cases concerning inheritance disputes down 24.11% year over year. Courts strengthened their protection for elderly left behind in countryside, women, children and disabled persons, so as to enhance family harmony and maintain social stability. --妥善审理婚姻家庭和继承纠纷案件。审结婚姻家庭和继承纠纷案件1 611 903件,同比下降 2.16%。其中,离婚纠纷案件1 283 427件,同比上升3.18%;赡养、抚养和扶养纠纷案件72 091件,同比上升3.49%;继承纠纷案件111 285件,同比下降24.11%。加大农村留守老人、妇女、儿童、残疾人的保护力度,促进家庭和睦,维护社会稳定。
First Instance Cases Involving Marriage, Family and Inheritance Rights Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
-Handling in accordance with law cases involving labor disputes. The people's courts concluded 354725 cases involving labor disputes, up 2.77% year over year. The courts continued to uphold the principle of balanced protection for labor rights and interests and the survival and development of enterprises, supported the legal rights and interests of labor, strengthened worker's job security, promoted the sound development of enterprises and maintained harmonious and stable labor relations. --依法审理劳动争议案件。审结劳动争议案件354 725件,同比上升2.77%。继续坚持劳动者权益保护与企业生存发展平衡保护原则,维护劳动者合法权益,加强就业保障,促进企业健康发展,维护劳动关系和谐稳定。
-Handling in accordance with law agriculture-related cases. The people's courts concluded 202644 agriculture-related cases, down 2.43% year over year, including 22853 cases involving rural land contract disputes, down 16.77% year over year and 2201 cases of rural residential land disputes, down 24.07% year over year. The courts endeavored to protect farmer's legal rights and interests, contribute to rural construction, and advance agricultural development. --依法审理涉农案件。审结涉农案件 202 644件,同比下降2.43%。其中,农村承包合同纠纷案件22 853件,同比下降16.77%;宅基地纠纷案件2201件,同比下降24.07%。维护农民合法权益,推进农村建设,促进农业发展。
-Handling in accordance with law cases of infringement upon rights. The people's courts concluded 1521844 cases of tort disputes, down 4.22% year over year, including 760806 cases of road accident compensation, down 3.94% year over year,107711 cases of compensation for property damage, down 6.84% year over year,36963 cases involving property ownership disputes, down 12.04% year over year,17530 cases of medical injury compensation, up 3.12% year over year,6223 cases of product liability, down 19.08% year over year, and 1906 cases of damage compensation for environment pollution, down 17.35% year over year. The courts punished in accordance with law the crimes of infringement upon rights, and protected the public's rights to health and property. --依法审理侵权案件。审结权属侵权类纠纷案件1 521 844件,同比下降4.22%。其中,道路交通事故赔偿案件760 806件,同比下降3.94%;财产损害赔偿案件107 711件,同比下降6.84%;财产权属纠纷案件36 963件,同比下降12.04%;医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件17 530件, 同比上升 3.12%;产品责任案件6223件, 同比下降 19.08%;环境污染损害赔偿案件1906件,同比下降17.35%。依法制裁侵权行为,保障人民群众生命健康权和财产权。
-Handling in accordance with law real estate cases. The people's courts concluded 158243 cases involving contract disputes in real estate development and business, up 14.48% year over year,110859 cases involving commercial residential building pre-sale contract disputes, up 18.82% year over year,91940 cases involving construction project contract disputes, up 10.18% year over year,15583 cases involving housing demolition and reallocation disputes, down 8.83% year over year,887 cases of disputes over contracts concerning grant of land use right, basically equal to last year number, and 1515 cases involving disputes over contracts of transfer of land use right, down 8.84% year over year . The courts endeavored to safeguard the public's rights to residence, promote the steady progress of urbanization, and effectively implemented the national policy of real estate industry macro-regulation. --依法审理房地产案件。审结房地产开发经营合同纠纷案件158 243件,同比上升14.48%;商品房预售合同纠纷案件110 859件, 同比上升 18.82%;建设工程合同纠纷案件91 940件,同比上升10.18%;房屋拆迁合同纠纷案件15 583件,同比下降8.83%;土地使用权出让合同纠纷案件 887件,与上年基本持平;土地使用权转让合同纠纷案件1515件,同比下降8.84%。保障人民群众的居住权益,促进城镇化建设稳步推进,有效落实国家房地产宏观调控政策。
-Handling cases of private lending disputes in accordance with law. The people's courts concluded 854700 cases involving private lending disputes, up 17.27% year over year. The courts exerted efforts to put into good order private financing and lending activities, guide the reasonable flow of private credit, promote healthy development of the real economy and maintain the stability of financial order. --依法审理民间借贷纠纷案件。审结民间借贷纠纷案件854 700件,同比上升17.27%,规范民间借贷行为,引导民间资本合理流动,促进实体经济健康发展,维护金融秩序稳定。
Infringement of Rights (Tort) and Other Civil Cases of First Instance Concluded by the People's Courts in 2013 
2. Institution/Regulation Improvement and Implementation 2.制度建设和落实情况
-Timely formulation of judicial interpretations and normative documents. The SPC promulgated the Fourth Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Hearing Labor Disputes Cases, with the view to forcefully protecting labor's legal rights and interests while paying equal attention to promoting the survival and development of employing units. The SPC also promulgated Provisions on Several Issues Concerning Law Application in Hearing Cases of Food and Medicine Related Disputes, clarifying the joint and several liabilities of individuals endorsing false advertising, to protect in accordance with law people's food safety. --及时制定司法解释和规范性文件。发布《关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释 (四)》,坚持保护劳动者合法权益与促进用人单位生存发展并重。发布《关于审理食品药品纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》,明确个人代言虚假广告应依法承担连带责任,依法保证人民群众的食品安全。
-Enhancing guidance and supervision over civil trials. The National Work Conference of People's Mediation was convened, to strengthen the guidance and support to the work of people's mediation, and guide and guarantee the improvement and development of diversified dispute settlement mechanism. The SPC issued guidance to the handling of major or complicated cases including the compensation case of Baotou Airplane Crash of 21 November, in order to ensure organic unity of its legal and social effects. --加大对民事审判工作的指导监督力度。召开全国人民调解工作会议,加强对人民调解工作的指导和支持,引导保障多元纠纷解决机制的完善和发展。对“11·21”包头空难赔偿案等重大疑难案件进行指导,确保法律效果和社会效果的有机统一。
(II) Commercial Adjudication (二)商事审判工作
In 2013, the people's courts strengthened their guiding principles in adjudicating commercial cases, heard in accordance with law various cases in economic area, and advanced the sustainable and healthy development of economy. 2013年,人民法院深化商事审判理念,依法审理经济领域各类案件,促进经济持续健康发展。
1. Case Adjudication 1.案件审判情况
-Handling cases of contract disputes in accordance with law. The people's courts concluded 3957002 cases of contract dispute, up 6.37% year over year, including 595807 cases of sales contract dispute, up 6.46%,1419959 cases of loans contract dispute, up 13.41%,78725 cases of insurance contract dispute, up 3.32% year over year, and 3360 cases of bank deposit contract dispute, up 7.18% year over year. The courts attached great importance on hearing of commercial cases concerning people's basic livelihood, properly handled major and complicated cases coming out from economic restructuring, and accordingly achieved positive legal and social effects. --依法审理合同纠纷案件。审结合同纠纷案件3 957 002件,同比上升6.37%。其中,买卖合同纠纷案件595 807件,同比上升6.46%;借款合同纠纷案件1 419 959件,同比上升13.41%;保险合同纠纷案件78 725件,同比上升3.32%;储蓄存款合同纠纷案件3360件,同比上升7.18%。高度重视涉及基本民生商事案件的审理,妥善处理受经济结构调整影响而产生的重大复杂案件,取得了良好的法律效果和社会效果。
Noticeable Growth or Decline of Certain Categories of Contract Dispute Cases in 2013 2013年增幅或降幅较大的合同纠纷案件情况
-Handling cases of equity or shareholders rights and stock disputes in accordance with law. The people's courts concluded 17938 cases of shareholders right, such as shares transfer and equity confirmation, down 18.43% year over year, and 355 cases of securities dispute, down 24.15%. The court's work contributed to the orderly development of capital market and smooth running of the securities transactions. 
┌─────────────┬───────┬──────────┐│ 案件类型        │结案(件)  │  同比增减变化  │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 经营合同        │41867   │  17.61%    │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 劳务合同        │105878   │  15.52%    │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 房地产开发经营合同   │158243   │  14.48%    │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 担保合同        │27615   │  13.85%    │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 借款合同        │1419959  │  13.41%    │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 借用合同        │2279    │  -12.24%   │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 农村承包合同      │22853   │  -16.77%   │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 电信合同        │122361   │  -18.05%   │├─────────────┼───────┼──────────┤│ 供用电、水、气、热力合同│ 61170   │  -18.81%   │└─────────────┴───────┴──────────┘

--依法审理股东权和证券纠纷案件。审结股份转让、股权确认等股东权纠纷案件17 938件,同比下降18.43%;证券纠纷案件355件,同比下降 24.15%,促进资本市场的有序发展和证券交易的顺利进行。
--妥善解决企业破产纠纷。审结企业破产案件1998件,同比下降4.86%。正确适用破产清算程序,促使一批不符合产业政策、没有发展前景的企业规范有序退出市场,为产业升级、经济结构调整提供司法保障。全程指导南方证券股份有限公司破产清算案件,及时有力维护债权人的合法权益。
-Properly handling the disputes in enterprises bankruptcy cases. The people's courts concluded 1998 cases of enterprise bankruptcy disputes, down 4.86%. By properly applying the legal procedures of bankruptcy and liquidations, the courts contributed to the regulated and orderly exit from market of those enterprises discouraged by industrial policy and without any growth prospect, thus providing a judicial safeguard for industry upgrade and economic restructuring. The bankruptcy and liquidation case of China Southern Securities was guided by court during the whole process, and the legal rights and interests of creditors were secured forcefully and in due time. 2.制度建设和落实情况
--及时制定司法解释和规范性文件。发布《关于适用<中华人民共和国保险法>若干问题的解释(二)》,规范保险公司的展业行为和理赔行为。发布《关于适用<中华人民共和国企业破产法>若干问题的规定(二)》,保障债权人的公平受偿和破产程序的规范运行。发布《关于审理出口信用保险合同纠纷案件适用相关法律问题的批复》,防范出口信用风险。
--加强商事审判业务指导。召开全国法院商事审判工作座谈会,系统总结我国商事审判工作理念、目标和规律。审理涉及权益拆分并公开发行交易纠纷、交易场所股东直接参与买卖纠纷、管理人员侵吞客户资金纠纷等案件,依法促进合理交易秩序的建立。在26个省区市的部分地区开展保险纠纷诉调对接机制试点工作,及时总结和推广有关经验。
 (三)知识产权审判工作
2013年,人民法院加强知识产权审判力度,不断提升知识产权司法公信力和国际影响力,为建设创新型国家、社会主义文化强国和全面建成小康社会提供有力保障。
2. Institution/Regulation Improvement and Implementation 1.案件审判情况
--依法保护知识产权民事权益。审结知识产权民事一审案件88 286件,同比上升5.29%。其中,专利权案件9174件,同比上升0.01%;商标权案件22 358件,同比上升17.19%;著作权案件 52 254件,同比上升0.89%;技术合同案件908件,同比上升27.89%;不正当竞争纠纷案件1195件,同比上升9.43%;其他知识产权案件2397件,同比上升19.73%。加大制止知识产权侵权力度,维护公平竞争的市场环境,司法作为解决知识产权民事纠纷主导途径的地位和作用更加明显。
--严厉打击知识产权刑事犯罪。审结涉知识产权侵权的刑事一审案件9212件,同比下降 28.00%;判决发生法律效力13 424人,同比下降 13.49%。积极参与打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品专项行动,有效惩治和震慑侵犯知识产权犯罪行为。
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