| National Human Rights Action Plan of China | | 国家人权行动计划 |
(2012-2015) | |
（2012－2015年） |
Information Office of the State Council
The People's Republic of China | |
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 |
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二0一二年六月北京 |
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| Contents | | 目 录 |
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| Introduction | | 导 言 |
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| I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | | 一、经济、社会和文化权利 |
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| (1) Right to work | | （一）工作权利 |
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| (2) Right to basic living standards | | （二）基本生活水准权利 |
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| (3) Right to social security | | （三）社会保障权利 |
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| (4) Right to health | | （四）健康权利 |
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| (5) Right to education | | （五）受教育权利 |
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| (6) Cultural rights | | （六）文化权利 |
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| (7) Environmental rights | | （七）环境权利 |
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| II. Civil and Political Rights | | 二、公民权利和政治权利 |
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| (1) Rights of the person | | （一）人身权利 |
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| (2) Rights of detainees | | （二）被羁押人的权利 |
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| (3) Right to a fair trial | | （三）获得公正审判的权利 |
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| (4) Freedom of religious belief | | （四）宗教信仰自由 |
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| (5) Right to be informed | | （五）知情权 |
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| (6) Right to participate | | （六）参与权 |
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| (7) Right to be heard | | （七）表达权 |
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| (8) Right to oversee | | （八）监督权 |
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| III. Rights of Ethnic Minorities, Women, Children, the Elderly and the Disabled | | 三、少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利 |
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| (1) Rights of ethnic minorities | | （一）少数民族权利 |
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| (2) Women's rights | | （二）妇女权利 |
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| (3) Children's rights | | （三）儿童权利 |
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| (4) Senior citizens' rights | | （四）老年人权利 |
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| (5) Rights and interests of the disabled | | （五）残疾人权利 |
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| IV. Human Rights Education | | 四、人权教育 |
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| V. Fulfillment of Obligations to International Human Rights Conventions, and Exchanges and Cooperation in the Field of International Human Rights | | 五、国际人权条约义务的履行和国际人权交流与合作 |
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| (1) Fulfillment of obligations to international human rights conventions | | （一）国际人权条约义务的履行 |
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| (2) Exchanges and cooperation in the field of international human rights | | （二）国际人权领域的交流与合作 |
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| VI. Implementation and Supervision | | 六、实施和监督 |
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| Introduction | | 导 言 |
The formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an important measure taken by the Chinese government to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights. It is of great significance to promoting scientific development and social harmony, and to achieving the great objective of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. | |
制定国家人权行动计划是中国政府落实尊重和保障人权宪法原则的一项重大举措，对推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，努力实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标，具有重要意义。 |
Since the promulgation and enforcement of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) in 2009, the Chinese citizens' awareness of human rights has been enhanced significantly; the protection of the citizen's economic, social and cultural rights and interests has been comprehensively strengthened; their civil and political rights have been more effectively safeguarded; the rights of ethnic minorities, women, children, senior citizens and the disabled have been further protected; international exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights have been increasingly deepened; and human rights protection in all aspects has been constantly advanced along the orbit of institutionalization and rule by law. The cause of human rights in China has entered a new stage of development. In addition, the formulation, implementation and completion on schedule of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) have been widely acclaimed by the Chinese public and highly regarded by the international community. | |
自2009年《国家人权行动计划（2009－2010年）》颁布实施以来，中国公民的人权意识明显增强，经济、社会和文化权利保障得到全面加强，公民权利与政治权利保障更加有效，少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利得到进一步保障，国际人权领域交流与合作日益深化，各领域的人权保障在制度化、法治化的轨道上不断推进，中国人权事业的发展进入了一个新的阶段。《国家人权行动计划（2009－2010年）》的制定、实施和如期完成，得到人民群众的普遍欢迎和国际社会的广泛好评。 |
In recent years, the Chinese government has appropriately addressed the heavy toll brought about by the international financial crisis and the severe challenges posed by major natural disasters, vigorously solved the problems in development, perseveringly advanced the cause of human rights by putting people first, and had its human rights conditions increasingly improved. The Chinese government has unswervingly combined safeguarding human rights with promoting scientific development and social harmony, kept improving its institutional arrangements for ensuring and improving its people's livelihood, vigorously boosted employment, speeded up the development of various social undertakings, promoted equal access to basic public services, gradually improved a social security system that covers both urban and rural areas, initially established a basic medical care and health service system benefiting both urban and rural residents, strived to develop cultural and educational undertakings, and effectively guaranteed the rights of all members of society to equal participation and development. The Chinese government has consistently combined protecting human rights with promoting democracy and the rule of law, actively and steadily pushed forward political reform, expanded citizens' orderly participation in political affairs, and carried out democratic election, decision-making, administration and supervision in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee. The Chinese government has integrated the principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights into its legislation, administration and law enforcement and strengthened supervision and restriction over the exercise of power. Consequently, a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been established to provide legal support for all fields of social life and all aspects of human rights protection. | |
近年来，中国政府坚持以人为本，妥善应对国际金融危机的巨大冲击和重大自然灾害的严峻挑战，积极解决发展中存在的矛盾和问题，坚定不移地推进人权事业，人权状况持续改善。坚持将保障人权与推动科学发展、促进社会和谐结合起来，不断完善保障和改善民生的制度安排，大力促进就业，加快发展多项社会事业，推进基本服务均等化，逐步健全覆盖城乡的社会保障体系，初步建立基本医疗卫生服务体系和覆盖全国城乡居民基本医疗卫生制度框架，不断发展文化教育事业，有效保障全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利；坚持将保障人权与加强民主法治建设结合起来，积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，扩大公民有序政治参与，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，有力保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权；坚持将尊重和保障人权的原则贯穿于立法、行政和司法各个环节之中，加强对权力的监督和制约，中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成，社会生活的各个领域和人权保障的各个方面实现了有法可依。 |
It should be remembered that China remains a developing country that is fraught with problems from unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. Due to the influences and limitations of natural, historical and cultural factors, as well as the current level of economic and social development, China still confronts many challenges in the development of its human rights cause and it has a long way to go before it attains the lofty goal of full enjoyment of human rights. | |
应该看到，当今中国仍然是一个发展中国家，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出，受自然、历史、文化、经济社会发展水平的影响和制约，中国人权事业的发展还面临诸多挑战，实现充分享有人权的崇高目标任重道远。 |
The period 2012-2015 is a crucial period for implementing The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, deepening reform and opening-up and accelerating the transformation of the country's economic development pattern; it is also an important period for enhancing human rights and ensuring rapid development of the human rights cause. Therefore, on the basis of earnestly summing up past experience, the Chinese government has worked out this National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan) to specify its aims and tasks in promoting and protecting human rights in the 2012-2015 period. | |
2012－2015年是贯彻落实《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》，深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期，也是加强人权建设、实现人权事业快速发展的重要时期。为此，在认真总结经验的基础上，中国政府制定《国家人权行动计划（2012－2015年）》（简称《行动计划》），明确2012－2015年促进和保障人权的目标和任务。 |
The Action Plan was formulated in accordance with the following guidelines: Holding high the flag of socialism with Chinese characteristics, taking Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance and thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. In combination with the implementation of The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People' s Republic of China, the Chinese government combines its human rights endeavors with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological construction. To satisfy the aspirations of its people of all ethnic groups for living a better life, it continuously prioritizes people's rights to subsistence and development, vigorously safeguards and improves people's livelihood, spares no efforts to solve the problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people, practically safeguards the citizens' economic, political, social and cultural rights and promotes social equity and harmony, so as to ensure that every member of society live a happier and more dignified life. | |
制定和实施《行动计划》的指导思想是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，结合实施《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》，将人权事业与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设结合起来，顺应各族人民过上更好生活的新期待，继续把保障人民的生存权、发展权放在首位，着力保障和改善民生，着力解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的权利和利益问题，切实保障公民的经济、政治、社会和文化权利，促进社会更加公正、和谐，努力使每一个社会成员生活得更有尊严、更加幸福。 |
The Action Plan was formulated in line with the following basic principles: | |
制定和实施《行动计划》的基本原则是： |
The principle of pushing forward the work according to law. In line with the constitutional principle that "the state respects and preserves human rights" and the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other relevant international conventions on human rights, the Action Plan sets out the goal of improving the laws and regulations and their implementation mechanisms for respecting and safeguarding human rights in legislation, administration and law enforcement, so as to promote the cause of human rights in China according to law. | |
——依法推进原则。根据宪法关于“国家尊重和保障人权”的原则，遵循《世界人权宣言》和有关国际人权公约的基本精神，从立法、行政和司法各个环节完善尊重和保障人权的法律法规和实施机制，依法推进中国人权事业发展。 |
The principle of comprehensive advances. Taking all types of human rights as interdependent and inseparable, the Chinese government determines to promote the coordinated development of economic, social and cultural rights as well as civil and political rights, and the balanced development of individual and collective human rights. | |
——全面推进原则。将各项人权作为相互依存、不可分割的有机整体，促进经济、社会、文化权利与公民权利、政治权利的协调发展，促进个人人权与集体人权的协调发展。 |
The principle of pursuing practicality. The Chinese government respects the principle of universality of human rights, but also upholds proceeding from China's national conditions and new realities to advance the development of its human rights cause on a practical basis. | |
——务实推进原则。既尊重人权的普遍性原则，又坚持从中国的基本国情和新的实际出发，切实推进人权事业发展。 |
The objectives in the implementation of the Action Plan are as follows: | |
实施《行动计划》的目标是： |
Providing comprehensive protection to citizens' economic, social and cultural rights. The Chinese government will take proactive measures to protect more effectively the rights of all members of society to employment, basic living standard, social security, health care, education, culture and environment, striving to ensure that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, and ensuring that all people share the benefits of the nation's development. | |
——全面保障经济、社会和文化权利。采取积极措施，更有效地保障全体社会成员的工作权利、基本生活水准权利、社会保障权利、健康权利、受教育权利、文化权利、环境权利，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居，使发展成果更好地惠及全体人民。 |
Providing effective protection to the citizens' civil and political rights according to law. Efforts will be made to improve relevant laws and regulations to protect the citizens' basic rights; work will be done to strengthen judicial protection of human rights to promote judicial justice; and endeavors will be made to develop socialist democratic politics to expand citizens' orderly participation in political affairs, and to ensure people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee. | |
——依法有效保障公民权利和政治权利。完善相关的法律法规，维护公民的基本权利；加强人权的司法保障，促进司法公正；发展社会主义民主政治，扩大公民有序政治参与，保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。 |
Providing full protection to the lawful rights of ethnic minorities, women, children, senior citizens and the disabled. Further efforts will be made to ensure ethnic minorities enjoy equal economic, political, social and cultural rights; efforts will be made to promote gender equality and eliminate gender discrimination; practical work will be done to safeguard children's rights to subsistence and development, to be protected and to participate; the social security system for elderly people will be improved to speed up the building of an old-age service system; and efforts will be made to develop the cause of the disabled to promote their equal participation in social life. | |
——充分保障少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的合法权益。进一步保障少数民族享有经济、政治、社会、文化等方面的平等权益；努力促进性别平等，消除性别歧视；切实保障儿童的生存、发展、受保护和参与权利；完善老年人社会保障制度，加快推进老年人服务体系建设；发展残疾人事业，促进残疾人平等参与社会生活。 |
Conducting extensive education in human rights. Education in human rights will be consistently carried out among civil servants; human rights education in various forms will be held in all types of schools and at all levels; and human rights knowledge will be publicized throughout the society to enhance the citizens' awareness in this respect. | |
——广泛开展人权教育。继续开展对公务人员的人权培训；在各级各类学校开展多种形式的人权教育；在全社会普及人权知识，不断提高公民的人权意识。 |
Actively participating in international exchanges and cooperation on human rights. China will conscientiously fulfill its obligations to international human rights conventions, take an active part in the work of the United Nations human rights mechanisms, and continuously conduct human rights dialogue, cooperation and exchanges with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual respect. | |
——积极开展国际人权交流与合作。认真履行国际人权条约义务，深入参与联合国人权机制工作，继续在平等和相互尊重的基础上与各国开展人权对话、合作和交流。 |
Approved and authorized by the State Council, the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015) is hereby promulgated. | |
经国务院批准并授权，现将《国家人权行动计划（2012－2015年）》予以公布。 |
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| I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights | | 一、经济、社会和文化权利 |
The Chinese government will continue to give priority to the protection of the people's rights to subsistence and development. It will take proactive measures to ensure and improve the people's livelihood, spare no efforts to solve the problems of immediate concern to the people, and improve the level of protection of economic, social and cultural rights, so as to ensure that the benefits of development are shared by all members of society. | |
继续把保障人民的生存权和发展权放在首位。采取积极措施，切实保障和改善民生，着力解决关系群众切身利益的问题，提高经济、社会和文化权利保障水平，努力使发展成果惠及全体人民。 |
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| (1) Right to work | | （一）工作权利 |
Efforts will be made to implement a more active employment policy, improve the wage system, fully carry out the labor contract system, improve working conditions, strengthen labor safety and protect the people's right to work. | |
实施更加积极的就业政策，完善工资制度，全面推行劳动合同制度，改善劳动条件，强化劳动安全，保障劳动者的工作权利。 |
- Implementing the "employment priority" strategy. From 2012 to 2015, the urban workforce will be increased by nine million on annual average, and the registered urban unemployment rate will be kept under 5%. Efforts will be made to ensure equal employment opportunities for urban and rural residents, and promote the orderly outflow of rural labor force and local transfer and employment of rural labor force. | |
——落实就业优先战略。2012－2015年，年均城镇新增就业900万人，城镇登记失业率控制在5％以内。促进城乡劳动者平等就业，促进农村劳动力有序外出就业和就地就近转移就业。 |
- Improving the wage system. A normal wage increase mechanism will be set up and the minimum wage level will be raised steadily. The minimum wage will increase by over 13% annually, and the minimum wage level in most regions will reach over 40% of the average wage of local urban employees. Efforts will be made to establish and improve the collective wage consultation mechanism and wage payment security mechanism in enterprises, and to ensure that migrant workers and urban employees receive equal pay for equal work. | |
——完善工资制度。建立工资正常增长机制，稳步提高最低工资标准，最低工资标准年均增长13％以上，绝大多数地区最低工资标准达到当地城镇从业人员平均工资的40％以上。建立健全企业工资集体协商机制和企业工资支付保障制度。促进农民工与城镇就业人员同工同酬。 |
- Amending the Labor Contract Law and comprehensively introducing the labor contract system. By 2015, the labor contract signing rate of enterprises will reach 90%. | |
——修改劳动合同法。全面推行劳动合同制度。到2015年，企业劳动合同签订率达到90％。 |
- Improving working conditions. Efforts will be made to accelerate the construction of the system of labor standards, define management according to standard labor quotas and implement the paid vacation system. | |
——改善劳动条件。加快劳动标准体系建设，规范劳动定额标准管理。落实带薪休假制度。 |
- Implementing a safety production strategy, strengthening monitoring for workplace safety and preventing major accidents. By 2015, the completion rate of construction of enterprise emergency platforms at national, provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and city levels and for enterprises of high-risk industries will be 100%; and that in the major counties, 80%. By 2013, Grade III safety standards or above will be applied for non-coal mines and factories producing dangerous chemicals and fireworks as well as enterprises above a certain scale in the eight industrial and commercial trades of metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, building materials, machine-building, light industry, textiles, tobacco and commerce. By 2015, enterprises below a certain scale in the eight trades, including the metallurgical industry, as well as transportation and communications, construction and other industries, will reach the required safety standards. The death toll caused by various types of industrial accidents and the number of major accidents will fall markedly. Safety production information will be publicized, and complaints mailboxes and "12350" safe production report hotlines set up and standardized. | |
——实施安全生产战略。加强安全生产监管，防止重特大事故发生。到2015年，国家和省（自治区、直辖市）、市以及高危行业中央企业应急平台建设完成率达到100％，重点县达到80％以上。到2013年，非煤矿山、危险化学品、烟花爆竹以及冶金、有色、建材、机械、轻工、纺织、烟草和商贸8个工贸行业规模以上企业均达到安全标准化三级以上；到2015年，交通运输、建筑施工等行业领域以及冶金等8个工贸行业规模以下企业均实现安全标准化达标。各类安全生产事故死亡人数以及较大、重大和特别重大事故起数均明显下降。公开安全生产信息。设立举报信箱，统一和规范“12350”安全生产举报投诉电话。 |
- Implementing the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. The occupational health indicators prescribed in the National Occupational Disease Control Program (2009-2015) will be continuously implemented. | |
——实施职业病防治法。继续落实《国家职业病防治规划（2009－2015年）》设定的职业安全健康指标。 |
- Launching multiform vocational training to rural and urban workers. Efforts will be made to guarantee every new employee access to corresponding vocational training opportunities, ensuring that technical workers can take part in at least one skill-upgrading training program. The localities are encouraged to establish practical training bases. By 2015, the total number of skilled workers will reach 125 million, of which 34 million will be highly-skilled workers. | |
——面向城乡劳动者开展多种形式的职业培训。力争使新进入人力资源市场的劳动者都有机会接受相应的职业培训，使企业技能岗位的职工得到至少一次技能提升培训。推动各地建立职业技能实训基地。到2015年，全国技能劳动者总量达到1．25亿人，其中高技能人才达到3400万人，占技能劳动者的比例达到27％左右。 |
- Improving the labor security supervision and law-enforcing system and the labor dispute settlement mechanism. China will strengthen supervision over and law-enforcement for labor security. It will give full play to the role of labor dispute mediation and arbitration, and the closing rate of labor dispute arbitration will reach 90%. | |
——完善劳动保障监察执法体系和劳动人事争议处理机制。强化劳动保障监察执法。充分发挥劳动人事争议调解仲裁的作用，劳动人事争议仲裁结案率达到90％。 |
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| (2) Right to basic living standards | | （二）基本生活水准权利 |
China will maintain steady and rapid economic development, adjust the income distribution pattern, implement poverty alleviation projects, improve the basic housing security system, protect farmers' rights and interests related to land according to law and improve the level of citizens' basic rights of life. | |
保持经济平稳较快发展，调整收入分配格局，实施扶贫开发攻坚工程，完善基本住房保障制度，依法保障农民的土地权益，提高公民基本生活权利的保障水平。 |
- The increase of rural and urban residents' income will keep pace with economic growth. From 2011 to 2015, the average annual growth rate of China's GDP is expected to be 7%, and the annual growth rate of the per-capita disposal income of urban residents and per-capita net income of rural residents will be over 7%. The income distribution pattern will be adjusted, the share of personal income in the distribution of national income will be increased, so will that of work remuneration in primary distribution; the proportion of middle-income earners will be expanded and the income of middle- and low-income earners will be increased. | |
——保持城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长同步。2011－2015年，国内生产总值年均增长7％，城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别年均增长7％以上。调整收入分配格局。提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，扩大中等收入者比重，增加中低收入者收入。 |
- Implementing the Outline of Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China' s Rural Areas (2011-2020). The state will gradually raise the standards for poverty alleviation. Key poverty reduction projects will be launched for 24,000 villages, where most of the villagers are hit hard by poverty. The government will also conduct training programs in practical skills for the impoverished laborers in rural areas. It will organize migration for people in areas with harsh living conditions on condition that they can do it out of their free will. It will continue to carry out poverty reduction pilot projects in border, endemic-disease-stricken and post-disaster reconstruction areas, and other poverty-stricken areas. It will continue to support such areas with science and technology, and send technicians there to help local people start businesses for the purpose of poverty reduction. Great efforts will be made to develop forestry in poor mountain areas, striving to increase the forest coverage by 1.5 percentage points over that at the end of 2010 and ensure that each impoverished household starts one income-generating project. | |
——落实《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011－2020年）》。逐步提高扶贫标准。实施集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚工程，对2．4万个村整村推进。开展农村贫困劳动力实用技术培训。坚持自愿原则，对生存条件恶劣地区扶贫对象实行异地扶贫搬迁。继续在边境地区、地方病严重地区、灾后恢复重建地区以及其他特困区域开展扶贫开发试点。继续开展科技扶贫，推进科技特派员农村科技创业行动。大力发展贫困山区林业，2015年贫困地区森林覆盖率比2010年底增加1．5个百分点，力争实现贫困农户一户一项增收项目。 |
- Formulating basic housing security regulations, and improving the construction, distribution, management and exit system of indemnificatory housing. Efforts will be made to speed up the construction of low-rent housing, public rental housing, affordable housing and other types of indemnificatory house, and promote the rebuilding of shanty areas in cities. In so doing, China aims to basically solve the housing problem of low- and lower-middle-income urban families, lessen the housing difficulties of new employees and improve the living conditions of migrant workers. By 2015, the coverage of indemnificatory housing across the country will reach 20%. China will speed up the transformation of shanty areas in forest, reclamation and coal-mining regions. It will renovate dilapidated housing for 815,300 families in forest areas during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. | |
——制定基本住房保障条例。完善保障性住房建设、分配、管理、退出等制度。加快廉租住房、公共租赁住房、经济适用房等保障性住房建设，推进城镇棚户区改造，力争使城镇中等偏下和低收入家庭住房困难问题得到基本解决，新就业职工住房困难得到缓解，外来务工人员居住条件得到明显改善。到2015年，全国保障性住房覆盖面达到20％左右。加快林区、垦区、煤矿等棚户区改造。“十二五”期间改造林业棚户区（危旧房）81．53万户。 |
- Helping impoverished farmer households solve housing safety problems. Efforts will be made to bring into play the guiding role of government financial subsidies in establishing a long-term mechanism for rural dilapidated house transformation. The government plans to help five million impoverished farmer households upgrade their dilapidated houses from 2012 to 2015. | |
——帮助贫困农户解决基本住房安全问题。继续发挥政府补助资金的引导作用，建立农村危房改造长效机制。2012－2015年，累计帮助500万贫困农户的危房改造。 |
- Implementing the Regulations on the Expropriation of and Compensation for Buildings on State-owned Land, enacting and improving policies and regulations related to housing expropriation to effectively protect the legitimate rights of the owners. | |
——落实《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》。建立健全房屋征收法规政策体系，切实维护被征收房屋所有权人的合法权益。 |
- Doing a good job in land right confirmation, registration and certification so as to effectively protect the farmers' rights to operate their contracted land, to use homesteads and to get income from distribution of collective gains. The state will formulate regulations concerning compensation from the expropriation of rural collective land. | |
——做好土地确权登记颁证。切实保护农民的土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权和集体收益分配权。制定农村集体土地征收补偿条例。 |
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| (3) Right to social security | | （三）社会保障权利 |
China will improve the various forms of social insurance, and promote the equal coverage of the social relief system in both rural and urban areas to improve the social security level. | |
完善各类社会保险制度，促进社会救助制度城乡均等覆盖，提高社会保障水平。 |
- Enacting and amending the supporting rules and regulations of the Social Insurance Law. The state will revise the Regulations on Unemployment Insurance, enact regulations on basic medical insurance and regulations on national security fund, and regulations on maternity insurance and rules regarding the registration, application and payment of social insurance, etc. | |
——制定和修改社会保险法的配套法规和规章。修改失业保险条例，制定基本医疗保险条例、全国社会保障基金条例，制定生育保险以及社会保险登记、申报、缴纳等方面的规章。 |
- Improving the pension system. By 2015, the number of urban workers and residents underwriting the basic old-age insurance policies will reach 357 million, and the eventual aim is to achieve full coverage of the new rural old-age insurance system and urban employees' pension insurance system. Migrant workers who have established stable labor relations with enterprises will be covered in the basic old-age and medical insurance schemes for urban employees. The state will guarantee the transfer of basic pension accounts for urban workers, and gradually promote the effectual bridging of the rural and urban old-age insurance systems. Efforts will be made to comprehensively implement unified planning in old-age insurance for urban employees and achieve national unified planning for basic old-age pensions. China will endeavor to improve the normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions to steadily raise the basic pensions for enterprise retirees. | |
——完善养老保险制度。到2015年，城镇职工和居民参加基本养老保险人数达到3．57亿人，实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。将与企业建立稳定劳动关系的农民工纳入城镇职工基本养老和医疗保险。做好城镇职工基本养老保险关系的转移接续，逐步推进城乡养老保险制度有效衔接。全面落实城镇职工基本养老保险省级统筹，实现基础养老金全国统筹。完善基本养老金正常调整机制，稳步提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。 |
- Improving the basic medical insurance system to make medical insurance basically cover both rural and urban residents in 2015. The total number of people subscribing policies of medical insurance for urban employees, medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance will be increased by 60 million as compared with 2010, and the number of people subscribing urban and rural basic medical insurance policies will reach 1.32 billion. Financial grants to those taking policies of urban residents' basic medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance will be raised. The medical treatment cost of inpatients covered by urban employees' medical insurance, urban residents' medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance will all be around 75%. Urban residents' medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance will cover all areas where unified planning in this regard is made, and their coverage of the outpatient expenses will be raised to over 50%. By 2015, the government grant to each person subscribing urban residents' medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical insurance each year will be raised to over 360 yuan, while the coverage of the new rural cooperative medical insurance will be stabilized above 95%. | |
——完善基本医疗保险制度。到2015年，医疗保险基本覆盖城乡居民。职工医疗保险、城镇居民医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗（以下简称“新农合”）参保（合）人数较2010年新增6000万人以上。城乡基本医疗保险参保（合）人数达到13．2亿人。提高对城镇居民基本医疗保险和新农合财政补助标准。职工医保、城镇居民医保和新农合在政策范围内住院医疗费用支付比例均达到75％左右。城镇居民医保和新农合门诊统筹覆盖所有统筹地区，支付比例提高到50％以上。到2015年，城镇居民医保和新农合政府补助标准提高到每人每年360元以上，新农合参合率稳定在95％以上。 |
- Amending regulations and supporting rules on unemployment insurance and further improving the unemployment insurance system. The level of unified planning for unemployment insurance funds will be elevated. By 2015, the number of subscribers to unemployment insurance will reach 160 million. | |
——修改失业保险条例及其配套规定。进一步健全失业保险制度，提高失业保险统筹层次。到2015年，失业保险参保人数达到1．6亿人。 |
-- Improving the work-related injury insurance system covering prevention, compensation and rehabilitation. Work-related injury insurance will be put first under unified planning at the municipal level, and gradually unified planning at the provincial level. Proactive and steady efforts will be made in the prevention and rehabilitation of work-related injuries. By 2015, the subscribers to work-related injury insurance will reach 210 million. | |
——完善工伤预防、工伤补偿和工伤康复相结合的工伤保险制度。完善工伤保险市级统筹，逐步实行省级统筹。积极稳妥推进工伤预防和工伤康复工作。到2015年，工伤保险参保人数达到2．1亿人。 |
-- Improving the maternity insurance system and by 2015 women subscribing maternity insurance will reach 150 million. | |
——完善生育保险制度。到2015年，生育保险参保人数达到1．5亿人。 |
-- Increasing subsistence allowances and level of social relief for rural and urban residents. Work will be done to improve the subsistence allowance determining mechanism and dynamic adjustment mechanism and ensure that the average annual growth rate of the subsistence allowances reach 10%. And the subsistence allowances provided to rural residents enjoying the "Five Guarantees" (food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses) will equal the average living standard of fellow villagers. Recipients of basic living allowances in both urban and rural areas will be classified, and more assistance will be granted to the aged, disabled, minors and seriously ill. By 2015, the urban and rural residents entitled to the subsistence allowances will make up around 6% of the total population, covering everyone in need. Steps will be taken to gradually lower or cancel the minimum payment line for medical treatment, and popularize the one-stop settlement model. The Measures for Assisting and Managing Urban Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Livelihood will be revised, and a temporary aid system will be established all over the country. | |
——提高城乡低保和社会救助水平。完善城乡低保标准的科学制定机制和动态调整机制，城乡低保标准年均增幅达到10％，农村五保供养标准达到当地农村居民平均生活水平。推行城乡低保分类施保，提高老年人、残疾人、未成年人和重病患者的救助水平。到2015年，全国城乡低保人数占总人口的比例达到6％左右，实现应保尽保。逐步降低或者取消医疗救助起付线，推广医疗救助诊疗费用结算“一站式”服务模式。修改《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理办法》，全面建立临时救助制度。 |
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| (4) Right to health | | （四）健康权利 |
China will establish initially a basic medical and health system that covers the entire nation, and improve the medical insurance system, public health service system and medical care system to protect the citizens' right to health. | |
初步建立起覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度，健全医疗保障制度，完善公共卫生服务体系和医疗服务体系，保障公民健康权利。 |
-- Formulating a law on mental health, and making studies for the enactment of a law on basic medical and health care. | |
——制定精神卫生法。研究制定基本医疗卫生保健法。 |
-- Continuously increasing the average life expectancy so that it will reach 74.5 years by 2015. | |
——不断提高人均期望寿命。到2015年，人均期望寿命达到74．5岁。 |
-- Strengthening the construction of primary-level medical and health care institutions and training bases for general practitioners. By 2015, China intends to train 150,000 general practitioners through job-transfer training, on-the-job training and standardized training. | |
——加强基层医疗卫生机构和全科医生培养基地建设。到2015年，通过转岗培训、在岗培训和规范化培训培养15万名全科医生。 |
-- Promoting equality in the right to basic health services. Efforts will be made to ensure that the per-capita spending for public health services is no less than 25 yuan around the country, and see to it that it will be raised to over 40 yuan by 2015. The state will also provide such free services as establishing health records, and providing health education and vaccination. The state will encourage blood donation without compensation and secure blood safety, and make sure that emergency medical services are permanently available. | |
——促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化。落实现有人均基本公共卫生服务经费不低于25元标准，到2015年提高至40元以上。为城乡居民免费提供建立健康档案、健康教育、预防接种等多项服务。提倡无偿献血，保障血液安全。提高居民急救服务的可及性。 |
-- Bringing infectious diseases under effective control. China will intensify efforts in prevention and control of major infectious diseases such as AIDS and cholera, and effectively control new infections and mortality caused by AIDS, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis. The rate of direct reporting on incidences of infectious diseases by medical and health institutions at/above the county level will be 100%. Endeavors will also be made to strengthen the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases among passengers on public transportation vehicles such as trains. The mechanism of joint prevention and control of major epidemics at land and sea ports will be established and medical media monitoring and pathogen detection will be strengthened at the ports. | |
——有效控制传染病流行。加强艾滋病、霍乱等重点传染病的预防控制，有效控制艾滋病、病毒性肝炎、结核病的新发感染和病死率。县以上医疗卫生机构传染病疫情网络直报率达到100％。加强乘坐铁路等大众交通工具的旅客传染病防治工作。构建口岸重大疫情疫病联防联控机制，加强口岸医学媒介监测和携病原体检测。 |
-- Greater efforts will be made to prevent and treat chronic diseases. China will popularize knowledge in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, striving to achieve an awareness rate of 50% among core members in this regard. China will improve early detection, intervention and management of major chronic diseases and high-risk people, making sure that the awareness rate of blood pressure and blood sugar level by people of 35 years old and above reach 75% and 50%, respectively, and the management rate of hypertension and diabetes be no less than 40%. China will institute early detection and treatment of major cancers in 30% of areas with high incidences of cancer across the country. | |
——加大慢性病防治力度。普及慢性病防治知识，慢性病防治核心信息人群知晓率达到50％以上。加强主要慢性病及高风险人群的早期发现和干预管理，35岁以上成人血压和血糖知晓率分别达到75％和50％，高血压管理率和糖尿病规范管理率均不低于40％。在全国30％的癌症高发地区开展对重点癌症的早诊早治。 |
-- Ensuring the safety of drinking water. China will promote the construction of a monitoring network for the safety of drinking water, and make its coverage extend to all cities divided into districts and over 90% of counties by 2015. The rural population with access to centralized water supply will be raised to 80%. Efforts will be made to make safe drinking water accessible to an additional 60 million rural people every year. | |
——保障饮用水卫生安全。推进饮用水卫生监测网络建设，到2015年，国家饮用水监测网络覆盖设区市和90％以上的县，全国农村集中式供水人口提高到80％左右，每年解决6000万左右农村人口饮水问题。 |
-- The Food Safety Law will be implemented, food safety monitoring system and food safety regulations and standards will be improved, and the responsibility will be determined for safe production of food. Stricter supervision will be enforced over all links of food processing and production, and the basic supervisory systems, such as the production licensing system, supervision and inspection system, recall system and label management system for food, food additives and food-related production, will be improved, so will the emergency plan for food safety accidents, the accident investigation and handling system and rapid response and handling system. China will bridge mechanisms between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to severely punish criminal acts harming food safety. | |
——实施食品安全法。完善食品安全监管体制，健全食品安全法规标准体系，落实食品安全责任。严格食品生产加工环节监管，完善食品、食品添加剂和食品相关生产许可制度、监督检查制度、召回制度、标签标识管理制度等基本监管制度。完善食品安全事故应急预案、事故调查处理制度和快速查处机制。健全行政执法与刑事司法的衔接机制，严厉打击食品领域违法犯罪行为。 |
-- Comprehensively implementing measures for prevention and control of endemic diseases, and basically eliminating such hazards. China will strive to eliminate iodine deficiency diseases in over 90% of the counties (cities and districts) in Hainan, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang, and make sure that iodine deficiency diseases are eliminated in 95% of the counties (cities and districts) in other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government). In areas with a high incidence of endemic fluorosis caused by coal burning, comprehensive preventive measures focusing on modifying and improving stoves will be adopted over 95% of the households. China will basically complete projects to provide safe drinking water and improve water quality in areas afflicted by endemic fluorosis and arseniasis which have been proved to be caused mainly by unsafe drinking water. Efforts will be made to bring under effective control fluorosis caused by tea drinking. Over 90% of the villages that are afflicted by Kaschin-Beck disease will have the disease eliminated, and over 90% of the counties where Keshan disease remains an endemic will have it eliminated. | |
——全面落实地方病防治措施。基本消除重点地方病危害。海南、西藏、青海和新疆四省（自治区）90％以上的县（市、区）消除碘缺乏病，其他省（自治区、直辖市）95％以上的县（市、区）保持消除碘缺乏病状态。在燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒病区，95％以上的家庭落实以改炉改灶为主的综合防治措施。基本完成已查明饮水型地方性氟中毒、砷中毒病区的饮水安全工程和改水工程建设。有效控制饮茶型地方性氟中毒危害。消除大骨节病的病区村达到90％以上。消除克山病的病区县达到90％以上。 |
-- Making studies for enactment of a law on traditional Chinese medicine and management methods of the standards of the medicinal materials. China will raise the national standards for drugs, improve the drug inspection and control system, strengthen drug safety monitoring and early warning, improve the drug safety emergency-response mechanism, fix in advance responsibility for the safe production and use of drugs, and ensure the quality and safety of basic drugs. | |
——研究制定中医药法和药品标准管理办法。提高国家药品标准，健全药品检验检测体系，加强药品安全监测预警，完善药品安全应急处理机制，落实药品安全责任，确保国家基本药物质量安全。 |
-- Forming a national fitness public service network covering all urban and rural residents and carrying out the National Fitness Program (2011-2015). Sports venues of various kinds will add up to over 1.2 million, with per-capita sports area being above 1.5 sq m. To achieve this goal, venues with sports facilities will be built in all cities, counties (districts), neighborhoods (townships) and communities (administrative villages). National fitness centers will be built in over 50% of the country's cities and counties (districts); convenient and practical fitness equipment will be installed in over 50% of neighborhoods (townships) and communities (administrative villages). Fitness stations will be established in over 50% of rural communities.
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——形成覆盖城乡的全民健身公共服务体系。落实《全民健身计划（2011－2015年）》。各类体育场地达到120万个以上，人均体育场地面积达到1．5平方米以上。设区的市、县（区）、街道（乡镇）、社区（行政村）普遍建有体育场地，配有体育健身设施。50％以上的设区市、县（区）建有全民健身活动中心，50％以上的街道（乡镇）、社区（行政村）建有便捷、实用的体育健身设施。50％以上的农村社区建有体育健身站（点）。
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