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【法宝引证码】
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- Type of Dispute：
Civil--＞Maritime --＞Maritime
- Legal document：
Judgment
- Judgment date：
07-13-2004
- Procedural status：
Retrial
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| Guiding Case No. 52 of the Supreme People's Court：Hainan Fenghai Cereals & Oils Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Hainan Branch of PICC Property & Casualty Co., Ltd. (Dispute over a marine cargo insurance contract) | | 指导案例52号：海南丰海粮油工业有限公司诉中国人民财产保险股份有限公司海南省分公司海上货物运输保险合同纠纷案 |
| （Issued on April 15, 2015 as deliberated and adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court） | | （最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2015年4月15日发布） |
| Guiding Case No. 52 | | 指导案例52号 |
| Keywords | | 关键词
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| Civil; maritime; marine cargo insurance contract; all risks; external causes | | 民事 海事 海上货物运输保险合同 一切险 外来原因 |
| Key Points of Judgement | | 裁判要点 |
| In addition to Free from Particular Average (“FPA”) and With Particular Average (“WPA”), “all risks” in a marine cargo insurance contract covers all or partial losses for external causes in transit of the insured cargos. Where, in the absence of intention or negligence on the part of the insured, damage to the insured cargo is caused under circumstances other than those listed in the exclusion clauses of the relevant insurance contract, it may be determined that the insured cargo is damaged for “external causes,” and the insurer should bear all losses for such external causes in transit. | | 海上货物运输保险合同中的“一切险”，除包括平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，还包括被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失。在被保险人不存在故意或者过失的情况下，由于相关保险合同中除外责任条款所列明情形之外的其他原因，造成被保险货物损失的，可以认定属于导致被保险货物损失的“外来原因”，保险人应当承担运输途中由该外来原因所致的一切损失。 |
| Legal Provisions | | 相关法条 |
| Article 30 of the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China | | 《中华人民共和国保险法 |
| Basic Facts | | 基本案情 |
| On November 28, 1995, Hainan Fenghai Cereals & Oils Industrial Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Fenghai Company”) took out insurance for 4,999.85 tons of palm oil in barrels to be carried from Dumai Port, Indonesia to Yangpu Port, China by “HAGAAG,” an Indonesian vessel, at the Hainan Branch of PICC Property & Casualty Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Hainan Branch of PICCP&C”), against all risks, with the freight price of USD 3,574,892.75, insurance amount of USD 3,951,258, and insurance premiums of USD 18,966. After taking out the insurance, Fenghai Company paid Hainan Branch of PICCP&C the insurance premiums as agreed upon, and Hainan Branch of PICCP&C delivered a shipment declaration to Fenghai Company, issued a marine cargo insurance policy, and attached the marine cargo insurance clauses to the insurance policy. In accordance with the insurance clauses, in addition to FPA and WPA, the coverage of insurance against all risks required that Hainan Branch of PICCP&C be “liable for all or partial damage to the insured cargo for external causes in transit.” There were five exclusions prescribed in the insurance clauses. The aforesaid insured cargo was purchased by Fenghai Company from Singapore Wilmar Private Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Wilmar Company”) at CNF. According to the sales contract, the consignor, Wilmar Company, and the ship owner's agent Liang International Agency Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Liang International”) concluded a lease. Under the lease, “HAGAAG” carried the cargo, 5,000 tons of palm oil, for which Fenghai Company took out insurance, to Yangpu Port, China, and the other 1,000 tons of palm oil to Hong Kong. | | 1995年11月28日，海南丰海粮油工业有限公司（以下简称丰海公司）在中国人民财产保险股份有限公司海南省分公司（以下简称海南人保）投保了由印度尼西亚籍“哈卡”轮（HAGAAG）所运载的自印度尼西亚杜迈港至中国洋浦港的4999.85吨桶装棕榈油，投保险别为一切险，货价为3574892.75美元，保险金额为3951258美元，保险费为18966美元。投保后，丰海公司依约向海南人保支付了保险费，海南人保向丰海公司发出了起运通知，签发了海洋货物运输保险单，并将海洋货物运输保险条款附于保单之后。根据保险条款规定，一切险的承保范围除包括平安险和水渍险的各项责任外，海南人保还“负责被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失”。该条款还规定了5项除外责任。上述投保货物是由丰海公司以CNF价格向新加坡丰益私人有限公司（以下简称丰益公司）购买的。根据买卖合同约定，发货人丰益公司与船东代理梁国际代理有限公司（以下简称梁国际）签订一份租约。该租约约定由“哈卡”轮将丰海公司投保的货物5000吨棕榈油运至中国洋浦港，将另1000吨棕榈油运往香港。 |
| On November 29, 1995, the time charterer of “HAGAAG” and actual carrier of the cargo, PT. SAMUDERA INDRA (Indonesia) (hereinafter referred to as “PSI Company”) issued a Shipped Bill of Lading (No. DM/YPU/1490/95), which indicated that the vessel was “HAGAAG,” the port of loading was Dumai Port, Indonesia, the port of discharge was Yangpu Port, China, the mark of the shipment was BATCH NO.80211/95, the amount of cargo loaded was 4,999.85 tons, and both the cleaning charges and freight charges had been paid. It was discovered upon investigation that the consignor, Wilmar Company, paid the freight charges to Liang International, which then paid such freight charges to PSI Company. On December 14, 1995, Fenghai Company made payment to the opening bank to redeem documents, and obtained the full set of original bills of lading (in triplicate) of the aforesaid insured cargo. From November 23 to 29, 1995, after “HAGAAG” carrying 31,623 barrels of Fourseas palm oil in the net weight of 5,999.82 tons set sail from Dumai Port, its voyage as agreed upon in the bill of lading was suspended and the information on the vessel was blocked to outsiders because there was dispute over charter hire between the ship owner, PT. PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN BAHTERA BINTANG SELATAN (Indonesia) (hereinafter referred to as “BBS Company”) and the time charterer, PSI Company. | | 1995年11月29日，“哈卡”轮的期租船人、该批货物的实际承运人印度尼西亚PT. SAMUDERA INDRA公司（以下简称PSI公司）签发了编号为DM/YPU/1490/95的已装船提单。该提单载明船舶为“哈卡”轮，装货港为印度尼西亚杜迈港，卸货港为中国洋浦港，货物唛头为BATCH NO.80211/95，装货数量为4999.85吨，清洁、运费已付。据查，发货人丰益公司将运费支付给梁国际，梁国际已将运费支付给PSI公司。1995年12月14日，丰海公司向其开证银行付款赎单，取得了上述投保货物的全套（3份）正本提单。1995年11月23日至29日，“哈卡”轮在杜迈港装载31623桶、净重5999.82吨四海牌棕榈油启航后，由于“哈卡”轮船东印度尼西亚PT. PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN BAHTERA BINTANG SELATAN公司（以下简称BBS公司）与该轮的期租船人PSI公司之间因船舶租金发生纠纷，“哈卡”轮中止了提单约定的航程并对外封锁了该轮的动态情况。 |
In order to avoid losses to the insured cargos, Wilmar Company, Fenghai Company, and Hainan Branch of PICCP&C repeatedly sent representatives to participate in negotiations between the owner and the time charterer of “HAGAAG”; however, such negotiations failed because the owner refused to reveal the whereabouts of “HAGAAG” on the ground that it did not receive the charter hire. Afterwards, Wilmar Company and Fenghai Company negotiated with the owner and searched for the whereabouts of “HAGAAG” through various channels, and Hainan Branch of PICCP&C also sought assistance of its agencies abroad in searching for “HAGAAG.” “HAGAAG” was not found until it was captured for engaging in smuggling in Shanwei, China in April 1996. As determined in the Decision of the People's Procuratorate of Guangzhou City on Exemption from Prosecution (No. 64 [1996], Criminal Division, People's Procuratorate, Guangzhou), from January to March 1996, as directed by BBS Company, Ellis Lunbach, captain of “HAGAAG” commanded crew to reship 11,325 barrels of palm oil with the weight of more than 2,100 tons to “YIWANA” and “SARAHA,” two vessels of BBS Company which carried such palm oil away for sales, and afterwards, instructed crew to alter the vessel name from “HAGAAG” to “ELIZAII.” In April 1996, the freighter whose name was altered to “ELIZAII” smuggled the remaining 20,298 barrels of palm oil to Shanwei, China, and on April 16, 1996, such cargo was seized by the Chinese coast guards. The aforesaid 20,298 barrels of palm oil were confiscated by the prosecutorial authority of Guangdong Province and turned over to the state treasury. Fenghai Company filed a written claim report with Hainan Branch of PICCP&C On June 6, 1996, and filed another written claim application with Hainan Branch of PICCP&C on August 20, 1996, which expressly dismissed the claim. Therefore, Fenghai Company instituted a lawsuit in the Haikou Maritime Court.
．．．．．． | | 为避免投保货物的损失，丰益公司、丰海公司、海南人保多次派代表参加“哈卡”轮船东与期租船人之间的协商，但由于船东以未收到租金为由不肯透露“哈卡”轮行踪，多方会谈未果。此后，丰益公司、丰海公司通过多种渠道交涉并多方查找“哈卡”轮行踪，海南人保亦通过其驻外机构协助查找“哈卡”轮。直至1996年4月，“哈卡”轮走私至中国汕尾被我海警查获。根据广州市人民检察院穗检刑免字（1996）64号《免予起诉决定书》的认定，1996年1月至3月，“哈卡”轮船长埃里斯·伦巴克根据BBS公司指令，指挥船员将其中11325桶、2100多吨棕榈油转载到属同一船公司的“依瓦那”和“萨拉哈”货船上运走销售，又让船员将船名“哈卡”轮涂改为“伊莉莎2”号（ELIZA Ⅱ）。1996年4月，更改为“伊莉莎2”号的货船载剩余货物20298桶棕榈油走私至中国汕尾，4月16日被我海警查获。上述20298桶棕榈油已被广东省检察机关作为走私货物没收上缴国库。1996年6月6日丰海公司向海南人保递交索赔报告书，8月20日丰海公司再次向海南人保提出书面索赔申请，海南人保明确表示拒赔。丰海公司遂诉至海口海事法院。
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