| Guiding Case No. 45of the Supreme People's Court: Beijing Baidu Netcom Science and Technology Co., Ltd. v. Tsingtao Osun Network Technique Co., Ltd. et al. (Dispute over unfair competition) | | 指导案例45号：北京百度网讯科技有限公司诉青岛奥商网络技术 有限公司等不正当竞争纠纷案 |
| （Issued on April 15, 2015 as deliberated and adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court） | | （最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2015年4月15日发布） |
| Guiding Case No. 45 | | 指导案例45号 |
| Keywords | | 关键词
|
| Civil; unfair competition; network services; principle of good faith | | 民事 不正当竞争 网络服务 诚信原则 |
| Key Points of Judgment | | 裁判要点 |
| Where a business engaged in Internet services forces the pop-up of advertisements on the search result pages of a website of any other business, it violates the principle of good faith and commonly accepted business ethics, and hampers the normal operations and impairs the lawful rights and interests of the other business. Such an act may be determined as unfair competition in accordance with the abstract provision of Article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China. | | 从事互联网服务的经营者，在其他经营者网站的搜索结果页面强行弹出广告的行为，违反诚实信用原则和公认商业道德，妨碍其他经营者正当经营并损害其合法权益，可以依照《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》第二条 |
| Legal Provisions | | 相关法条 |
| Article 2 the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China 《 | | 《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》第二条 |
| Basic Facts | | 基本案情 |
| Plaintiff Beijing Baidu Netcom Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Baidu Company”) alleged that: Its website, www.baidu.com (hereinafter referred to as the “Baidu website”), was a Chinese search engine site. By using the Internet access service provided by CNC in Qingdao area of Shandong Province, the three defendants, Tsingtao Osun Network Technique Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Osun Network”), Qingdao Branch of China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Unicom Qingdao Branch”), and Shandong Branch of China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Unicom Shandong Branch”), forcibly implanted advertisements in the search result pages of Baidu Company, causing damage to Baidu Company's goodwill and economic returns. The acts of the three defendants violated the principle of good faith and constituted unfair competition. Baidu Company requested the court to order that: (1) the acts of Osun Network and Unicom Qingdao Branch constituted unfair competition and they should stop their acts of unfair competition; and the third party should assume the joint and several liability; (2) the three defendants should publish a statement in newspapers to eliminate the adverse effect; and (3) the three defendants should jointly compensate plaintiff for its economic losses of 4.8 million yuan and reasonable expenses related to this case of 100,000 yuan. | | 原告北京百度网讯科技有限公司（以下简称百度公司）诉称：其拥有的www.baidu.com网站（以下简称百度网站）是中文搜索引擎网站。三被告青岛奥商网络技术有限公司（以下简称奥商网络公司）、中国联合网络通信有限公司青岛市分公司（以下简称联通青岛公司）、中国联合网络通信有限公司山东省分公司（以下简称联通山东公司）在山东省青岛地区，利用网通的互联网接入网络服务，在百度公司网站的搜索结果页面强行增加广告的行为，损害了百度公司的商誉和经济效益，违背了诚实信用原则，构成不正当竞争。请求判令：1.奥商网络公司、联通青岛公司的行为构成对原告的不正当竞争行为，并停止该不正当竞争行为；第三人承担连带责任；2.三被告在报上刊登声明以消除影响；3.三被告共同赔偿原告经济损失480万元和因本案的合理支出10万元。 |
| Defendant Osun Network contended that it did not carry out any unfair competition and should neither make an apology nor make compensation of 4.8 million yuan. | | 被告奥商网络公司辩称：其不存在不正当竞争行为，不应赔礼道歉和赔偿480万元。 |
| Defendant Unicom Qingdao Branch contended that the plaintiff adduced no evidence that Unicom Qingdao Branch had committed the alleged acts and it had suffered actual losses; there was no competitive relationship between the plaintiff and Unicom Qingdao Branch; and the court should dismiss all claims of the plaintiff. | | 被告联通青岛公司辩称：原告没有证据证明其实施了被指控行为，没有提交证据证明遭受的实际损失，原告与其不存在竞争关系，应当驳回原告全部诉讼请求。 |
| Defendant Unicom Shandong Branch contended that the plaintiff provided no evidence that Unicom Shandong Branch had committed the alleged acts of unfair competition or any tort and there was no legal basis for Unicom Shandong Branch to assume the joint and several liability. | | 被告联通山东公司辩称：原告没有证据证明其实施了被指控的不正当竞争或侵权行为，承担连带责任没有法律依据。 |
| The third party, Qingdao Pengfei International Air Travel Service Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Pengfei Company”) stated that this case had nothing to do with it. | | 第三人青岛鹏飞国际航空旅游服务有限公司（以下简称鹏飞航空公司）述称：本案与第三人无关。 |
| In the trial of the case, the court found that: The business scope of Baidu Company was Internet information services, which were provided through its approved website, www.baidu.com, mainly including Internet information search services for network users. The business scope of Osun Network included network engineering construction, network technology and application services, and computer software design and development. Its website was www.og.com.cn. As stated under “About us” on this website, Osun Network owned four websites: Osun Network China (www.og.com.cn), Ouge Internet Marketing Partner (www.og.net.cn), Qingdao Real Name Telephony (www.0532114.org), and Peninsula Human Resources (www.job17.com). Also on this website, the introduction to Osun Network's “Network Through Train” service said: “No additional plug-ins required. Advertising pages will pop up forcibly.” In describing the features of its product “Speedy Search,” the following steps were illustrated: “First, you enter a key word in the dialog box of the search engine; second, the advertising spots of Network Through Train appear preemptively (for 5 seconds); third, click the above advertising spots to directly enter the promotional website in a new window; and fourth, after 5 seconds, the search results automatically display in the original window as requested in step 1.” This service was also introduced in other forms on this website. The business scope of Unicom Qingdao Branch included Internet access services and information services. Qingdao Info Hub (domain name: qd.sd.cn) was owned by Unicom Qingdao Branch. “Real Name Telephony” was a voice search service jointly provided by Unicom Qingdao Branch and Osun Network. On the website of “114 Real Name Telephony Voice Search,” www.0532114.org, it was clearly stated that Unicom Qingdao Branch was the copyright owner of this website and Osun Network was the sole registration center. The business scope of Unicom Shandong Branch included Internet access services and information services. As shown on the website of Unicom Shandong Branch (www.sdcnc.cn), Unicom Qingdao Branch was one of its branches. The business scope of Pengfei Company included air ticket agency and other services. | | 法院经审理查明：百度公司经营范围为互联网信息服务业务，核准经营网址为www.baidu.com的百度网站，主要向网络用户提供互联网信息搜索服务。奥商网络公司经营范围包括网络工程建设、网络技术应用服务、计算机软件设计开发等，其网站为www.og.com.cn。该公司在上述网站“企业概况”中称其拥有4个网站：中国奥商网（www.og.com.cn）、讴歌网络营销伴侣（www.og.net.cn）、青岛电话实名网（www.0532114.org）、半岛人才网（www.job17.com）。该公司在其网站介绍其“网络直通车”业务时称：无需安装任何插件，广告网页强制出现。介绍“搜索通”产品表现形式时，以图文方式列举了下列步骤：第一步在搜索引擎对话框中输入关键词；第二步优先出现网络直通车广告位（5秒钟展现）；第三步同时点击上面广告位直接进入宣传网站新窗口；第四步5秒后原窗口自动展示第一步请求的搜索结果。该网站还以其他形式介绍了上述服务。联通青岛公司的经营范围包括因特网接入服务和信息服务等，青岛信息港（域名为qd.sd.cn）为其所有的网站。“电话实名”系联通青岛公司与奥商公司共同合作的一项语音搜索业务，网址为www.0532114.org的“114电话实名语音搜索”网站表明该网站版权所有人为联通青岛公司，独家注册中心为奥商网络公司。联通山东公司经营范围包括因特网接入服务和信息服务业务。其网站（www.sdcnc.cn）显示，联通青岛公司是其下属分公司。鹏飞航空公司经营范围包括航空机票销售代理等。 |
On April 14, 2009, Baidu Company discovered that: After accessing the Internet through CNC, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, if one logged on to Baidu website (www.baidu.com), entered “Pengfei Airlines” in the dialog box on this website, and clicked on “Baidu it,” a page displaying “Call 114 and grab your discounted airline tickets now” popped up, and if one promptly clicked on this page, a new page was opened with the URL of http://air.qd.sd.cn/. If one entered “Qingdao Human Resources Network” and clicked on “Baidu it,” a page displaying “Find a good job on Peninsula Human Resources, www.job17.com” popped up, and if one promptly clicked on the words “Enter Now” on this page, a new page was opened with the URL of http://www.job17.com/. If one entered “legal name telephony” in the dialog box on this website and clicked on “Baidu it,” a page displaying “Call 114 for easier-to-use voice search” popped up, and was redirected to the search result page of “legal name telephony.” The agent authorized by Baidu Company performed a series of search operations on the Baidu website using a computer at the Notary Office, which were all notarized. The Notarization Certificate recorded the aforesaid. According to experts, the hyperlinked website (http://air.qd.sd.cn/) had the same domain name (qd.sd.cn) as Qingdao Info Hub (www.qd.sd.cn), a website under Unicom Shandong Branch, and the website air.qd.sd.cn belonged to the Qingdao division of Unicom Shandong Branch.
．．．．．． | | 2009年4月14日，百度公司发现通过山东省青岛市网通接入互联网，登录百度网站（www.baidu.com），在该网站显示对话框中：输入“鹏飞航空”，点击“百度一下”，弹出显示有“打折机票抢先拿就打114”的页面，迅速点击该页面，打开了显示地址为http://air.qd.sd.cn/的页面；输入“青岛人才网”，点击“百度一下”，弹出显示有“找好工作到半岛人才网www.job17.com”的页面，迅速点击该页面中显示的“马上点击”，打开了显示地址为http://www.job17.com/的页面；输入“电话实名”，点击“百度一下”，弹出显示有“查信息打114，语音搜索更好用”的页面，随后该页面转至相应的“电话实名”搜索结果页面。百度公司委托代理人利用公证处的计算机对登录百度搜索等网站操作过程予以公证，公证书记载了前述内容。经专家论证，所链接的网站（http://air.qd.sd.cn/）与联通山东公司的下属网站青岛信息港（www.qd.sd.cn）具有相同域（qd.sd.cn），网站air.qd.sd.cn是联通山东公司下属网站青岛站点所属。
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