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Guiding Case No. 33 of the Supreme People's Court: Cargill International SA v. Fujian Jinshi Oil Co., Ltd. et al. (Dispute over confirmation of invalidity of contracts)
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指导案例33号：瑞士嘉吉国际公司诉福建金石制油有限公司等确认合同无效纠纷案
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| Guiding Case No. 33 of the Supreme People's Court: Cargill International SA v. Fujian Jinshi Oil Co., Ltd. et al. (Dispute over confirmation of invalidity of contracts) | | 指导案例33号：瑞士嘉吉国际公司诉福建金石制油有限公司等确认合同无效纠纷案 |
| (Issued on December 18, 2014 as adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court) | | （最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2014年12月18日发布） |
| Guiding Case No. 33 | | 指导案例33号 |
| Keywords: | | 【关键词】 |
| civil; confirmation of invalidity of contracts; malicious collusion; return of property | | 民事 确认合同无效 恶意串通 财产返还 |
| Key Points of Judgment | | 【裁判要点】 |
| 1. Where a debtor transfers its main property to its affiliated company at an unreasonably low price and the affiliated company knows that the debtor is in debt, but does not actually provide the consideration, it may be confirmed that the debtor commits malicious collusion with its affiliated company and the interests of the creditor are damaged, and the property transfer contract based thereon shall be confirmed invalid. | | 1.债务人将主要财产以明显不合理低价转让给其关联公司，关联公司在明知债务人欠债的情况下，未实际支付对价的，可以认定债务人与其关联公司恶意串通、损害债权人利益，与此相关的财产转让合同应当认定为无效。 |
| 2. The provisions of Article 59 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China apply to the circumstance where a third party is the property owner. Where the creditor enjoys the general creditor's rights against the debtor, the court shall order that the property as acquired on the basis of the invalid contract be returned to the property owner in accordance with the provisions of Article 58 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China other than directly order that the affiliated company of the debtor return the property of the debtor as acquired on the basis of the contract in which "malicious collusion is committed and the interests of the third party are damaged" in accordance with Article 59 of the Contract Law. | | 2.《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十九条规定适用于第三人为财产所有权人的情形，在债权人对债务人享有普通债权的情况下，应当根据《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十八条的规定，判令因无效合同取得的财产返还给原财产所有人，而不能根据第五十九条规定直接判令债务人的关联公司因“恶意串通，损害第三人利益”的合同而取得的债务人的财产返还给债权人。 |
Relevant Legal Provisions | | 【相关法条】 |
| 1．Item (2) of Article 52 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China | | 1．《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十二条第二项 |
| 2．Articles 58 and 59 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China | | 2．《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十八条、第五十九条 |
| Basic Facts | | 【基本案情 |
| Cargill International SA (hereinafter referred to as "Cargill SA") had business cooperation with Fujian Jinshi Oil Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Fujian Jinshi Company"), Dalian Jinshi Oil Co., Ltd., Shenyang Jinshi Bean Industry Co., Ltd., Sichuan Jinshi Oil Meal Co., Ltd., Beijing Canma Grain Corporation, and Full Wealth (HK) Limited (these six companies hereinafter referred to as "Jinshi Group"). Due to dispute over the deal of soybeans, Cargill SA and Jinshi Group came to a Settlement Agreement under the arbitration of the Federation of Oils, Seeds, and Fats Associations, Limited (FOSFA) on June 26, 2005. Both parties stipulated that Jinshi Group would repay the debt by installments in five years and mortgage all property of Fujian Jinshi Company under Jinshi Group, including the land use rights, buildings and fixations, all equipment and other property, to Cargill SA as the guarantee for debt repayment. On October 10, 2005, in accordance with the Settlement Agreement, the FOSFA rendered an arbitral award (No. 3929), which confirmed that Jinshi Group should pay USD 13.37 million to Cargill SA. In May 2006, since Jinshi Group failed to satisfy the arbitral award and Fujian Jinshi Company failed to cooperate in the mortgage of property, Cargill SA applied for the recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award (No. 3929) to the Intermediate People's Court of Xiamen City, Fujian Province. On June 26, 2007, upon examination, the Intermediate People's Court of Xiamen City rendered a ruling to recognize and enforce the legal validity of the arbitral award. After the ruling came into force, Cargill SA filed an application for enforcement. | | 瑞士嘉吉国际公司（Cargill International SA，简称嘉吉公司）与福建金石制油有限公司（以下简称福建金石公司）以及大连金石制油有限公司、沈阳金石豆业有限公司、四川金石油粕有限公司、北京珂玛美嘉粮油有限公司、宜丰香港有限公司（该六公司以下统称金石集团）存在商业合作关系。嘉吉公司因与金石集团买卖大豆发生争议，双方在国际油类、种子和脂类联合会仲裁过程中于2005年6月26日达成《和解协议》，约定金石集团将在五年内分期偿还债务，并将金石集团旗下福建金石公司的全部资产，包括土地使用权、建筑物和固着物、所有的设备及其他财产抵押给嘉吉公司，作为偿还债务的担保。2005年10月10日，国际油类、种子和脂类联合会根据该《和解协议》作出第3929号仲裁裁决，确认金石集团应向嘉吉公司支付1337万美元。2006年5月，因金石集团未履行该仲裁裁决，福建金石公司也未配合进行资产抵押，嘉吉公司向福建省厦门市中级人民法院申请承认和执行第3929号仲裁裁决。2007年6月26日，厦门市中级人民法院经审查后裁定对该仲裁裁决的法律效力予以承认和执行。该裁定生效后，嘉吉公司申请强制执行。 |
On May 8, 2006, Fujian Jinshi Company and Fujian Tianyuan Biological Protein Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Tianyuan Company") concluded a Sales Contract on the State-owned Land Use Rights and Assets, which stipulated that Fujian Jinshi Company transferred all of its fixed assets, including the state-owned land use rights, workshops, office buildings, and oil production equipment, to Tianyuan Company at the price of 25.69 million yuan (RMB here and below unless otherwise as specially indicated), wherein the state-owned land use rights were evaluated 4.64 million yuan and buildings and equipment were evaluated 21.05 million yuan, and Tianyuan Company should pay the total price within 30 days after the Contract came into force. Wang Xiaoqi and Liu Feng, legal representatives of Fujian Jinshi Company and Tianyuan Company, signed their names on the Contract. On December 31, 2001, Fujian Jinshi Company acquired the land use rights of the state-owned land involved of 32,138 m2 at the price of 4.821 million yuan. On May 10, 2006, Fujian Jinshi Company and Tianyuan Company handed over and took over the subject matter under the Sales Contract. On June 15 of the same year, Tianyuan Company transferred 25 million yuan through its account of Zhangzhou Sub-branch of Agricultural Bank of China to the account of Fujian Jinshi Company in the same bank. On the same day, Fujian Jinshi Company remitted 13 million yuan and 12 million yuan from its account to the account of Dalian Jinshi Oil Co., Ltd. under Jinshi Group with the purpose of fund transactions. On June 19 of the same year, Tianyuan Company obtained the aforesaid certificate for the state-owned land use rights.
．．．．．． | | 2006年5月8日，福建金石公司与福建田源生物蛋白科技有限公司（以下简称田源公司）签订一份《国有土地使用权及资产买卖合同》，约定福建金石公司将其国有土地使用权、厂房、办公楼和油脂生产设备等全部固定资产以2569万元人民币（以下未特别注明的均为人民币）的价格转让给田源公司，其中国有土地使用权作价464万元、房屋及设备作价2105万元，应在合同生效后30日内支付全部价款。王晓琪和柳锋分别作为福建金石公司与田源公司的法定代表人在合同上签名。福建金石公司曾于2001年12月31日以482.1万元取得本案所涉32138平方米国有土地使用权。2006年5月10日，福建金石公司与田源公司对买卖合同项下的标的物进行了交接。同年6月15日，田源公司通过在中国农业银行漳州支行的账户向福建金石公司在同一银行的账户转入2500万元。福建金石公司当日从该账户汇出1300万元、1200万元两笔款项至金石集团旗下大连金石制油有限公司账户，用途为往来款。同年6月19日，田源公司取得上述国有土地使用权证。
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