The People's Procuratorate of Dengfeng City v. Yao Guojian
(Cases of Dispute over Cheating and Forging of Common Seals of State Organs)@#
BASIC FACTS@#
Prosecutorial Organ: People's Procuratorate of Dengfeng City, Henan Province@#
Defendant: Yao Guojian, Male, 37 years of age, temporary staff member of the Traffic Police Office of the Public Security Organ of Dengfeng City of Henan Province. He was arrested on September 30, 2002, and bailed out for summons on November 1.@#
Defendant: He Zhenwei, Male, 24 years of age, temporary staff member of the Traffic Police Office of the Public Security Organ of Dengfeng City of Henan Province. He was arrested on September 30, 2002.@#
Defendant: Feng Xiaoqiang, Male, 34 years of age, villager of Wengou Village of Daye Town, Dengfeng City of Henan Province, unemployed. He was arrested on September 30, 2002.@#
Defendant: Hui Guowei, Male, 52 years of age, villager of Songzhuang Village of Yuzhou City of Henan Province. He was arrested on September 30, 2002.@#
Dengfeng People's Procuratorate of Henan Province charged defendants Yao Guojian (Yao), He Zhenwei (He), and Feng Xiaoqiang (Feng) with committing the crime of embezzlement, and defendant Hui Guowei(Hui) with committing the crime of forging state seals, and instituted a public prosecution to the People's Court of Dengfeng City.@#
The indictment charged that: After the defendants Yao and Feng colluded secretly, Feng asked other person to print more than 16,000 fake receipts for fines with the total par value of 800,000 yuan, and asked defendant Hui to forge two common seals. Defendant Yao and defendant He blocked the way on the road and stopped cars and trucks to impose fines by using part of the fake receipts for fines with the fake common seals affixed by Feng. They had collected fines totaling 12,250 yuan when they were tracked down. Yao and He, who, by taking advantage of the post as traffic police, and together with Feng, forged and used more than 800,000 yuan receipt for fines to impose fines on the road, their acts had constituted the crime of embezzlement. Hui's act constituted the crime of forging common seals of state organs. All of them shall be punished according to law. Since Yao, He, and Feng's intent of embezzlement failed to be realized for reasons independent of their will, and their act fell within the situation of the attempt of crime, they may be given a lighter punishment or may be imposed upon a reduced punishment. We hereby instituted a public prosecution, please sentence them according to law.@#
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登封市人民检察院诉姚国建等人诈骗、伪造国家机关印章案@#
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公诉机关：河南省登封市人民检察院。@#
被告人：姚国建，男，37岁，河南省登封市公安局交警大队临时聘任人员，2002年9月30日被逮捕，11月1日被取保候审。@#
被告人：何振伟，男，24岁，河南省登封市公安局交警大队临时聘任人员，2002年9月30日被逮捕。@#
被告人：冯小强，男，34岁，河南省登封市大冶镇温沟村人，无业，2002年9月30日被逮捕。@#
被告人：惠国威，男，52岁，河南省禹州市宋庄村人，2002年9月30日被逮捕。@#
河南省登封市人民检察院以被告人姚国建、何振伟、冯小强犯贪污罪，被告人惠国威犯伪造国家印章罪，向登封市人民法院提起公诉。@#
起诉书指控：被告人姚国建与被告人冯小强密谋后，冯小强找人印制了总面值80余万元的1．6万余张假罚款收据，并让被告人惠国威伪造了两枚公章。姚国建伙同被告人何振伟使用冯小强加盖了假公章的部分伪造罚款收据上路拦车罚款，至被查获时，共计罚款12250元。姚国建、何振伟利用交通警察的职务之便，伙同冯小强伪造并使用80余万元的罚款收据上路罚款，其行为构成贪污罪，惠国威的行为构成伪造国家机关印章罪，均应依法惩处。由于意志以外的原因，姚国建、何振伟、冯小强的贪污意图未得逞，属犯罪未遂，可以从轻或减轻处罚。特提起公诉，请依法判处。@#
被告人姚国建辩称：我根本不知道印了多少假收据，因此只能对已罚的1．2万余元负贪污罪责，不应认定我贪污80万元未遂。@#
姚建国辩护人的辩护意见是：1．被告人姚国建、何振伟都是交通警察大队的临时聘任人员，二人持被告人冯小强提供的假收据，未经任何人批准，趁下班休息时间超越执法范围私自查车罚款，这不是职务行为。姚国建不构成贪污罪的主体；2．关于姚国建与冯小强密谋一节，只有冯小强的口供，姚国建否认，因此不能认定。冯小强分三次交给姚国建的，共是1．6万余元加盖了假公章的假收据，其他没有加盖假公章的假收据，不能用于实施犯罪行为。因此，将80万元认定为犯罪数额，没有任何法律依据；3．贪污罪是结果犯。姚国建、何振伟在4个晚上作案查车，共计得赃款12250元。这是犯罪既遂，不是未遂，犯罪数额应按12250元认定。@#
被告人何振伟辩称：我只知道我与姚国建共同上路拦车罚款12250元，这个事实不错；没有使用的假罚款收据有多少，我不知道；因此我只能对已使用的假收据承担责任。@#
被告人冯小强辩称：姚国建使用盖了章的假收据罚款后，给我3500元，对此我应该承担责任。其他收据没有盖章，更没有用于罚款，未给社会造成危害，因此要求从轻处罚。@#
被告人惠国威辩称：我既没有工具，也没有技术和材料，根本不能伪造印章。我只是找人做了假印章，要求从轻处罚。@#
登封市人民法院经审理查明：2002年6月，被告人冯小强利用被告人姚国建提供的票面金额50元的两张“河南省罚没款统一收据”做样，两次找人复制印刷了1．6万余张假收据，总票面值达80余万元；冯小强还通过被告人惠国威找人，伪造了“河南省财政厅罚没收据专用章”、“登封市交通警察大队收据专用章”各一枚。做好这些工作后，冯小强与姚国建协商，准备用假收据上路罚款。从2002年8月19日晚开始，姚国建勾结被告人何振伟，先后借用他人的地方牌照汽车，在登封市东金店库庄村路段处，利用冯小强分四次提供的票面值共计1．62万元并加盖了假公章的假罚款收据，连续4晚对过往的煤矿车辆进行“违章罚款”12250元，直至8月22日晚被登封市公安局查获。查获时，从姚国建身上收缴赃款2000元，其余10250元赃款，已被姚国建、何振伟、冯小强分用。@#
上述事实，有下列证据证实：@#
1．证人刘建的证言，证明在执勤中发现有的司机持有假罚款收据，将此情况报告公安局后才抓获姚国建、何振伟；@#
2．证人王喜明、吴建国、谢树良、景保东的证言，证明冯小强两次在新密市联系印刷假罚款收据的情况；@#
3．证人康金伟、张治伟、何占豪、贾洪涛、吕宏力的证言，证明在禹州市找到和辨认惠国威的经过；@#
4．证人王致富、孙跃宗、王宝玉、王进京的证言，证明将自己的汽车借给交警姚国建、何振伟晚上使用的经过；@#
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