Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
(No. 39) | | (第三十九号) |
The Forest Law of the People's Republic of China as revised and adopted at the 15th session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on December 28, 2019, is hereby issued and shall come into force on July 1, 2020. | | 《中华人民共和国森林法》已由中华人民共和国第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议于2019年12月28日修订通过,现予公布,自2020年7月1日起施行。 |
President of the People's Republic of China: Xi Jinping | | 中华人民共和国主席 习近平 |
December 28, 2019 | | 2019年12月28日 |
Forest Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国森林法 |
(Adopted at the 7th session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 20, 1984 Amended for the first time according to the Decision to Amend the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China at the 2nd session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on April 29, 1998 Amended for the second time according to the Decision to Amend Some Laws at the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 27, 2009 Revised at the 15th session of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on December 28, 2019) | | (1984年9月20日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过 根据1998年4月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议 《关于修改〈中华人民共和国森林法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议 《关于修改部分法律的决定》第二次修正 2019年12月28日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议修订) |
Contents | | 目录 |
Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
Chapter II Forest Rights | | 第二章 森林权属 |
Chapter III Development Plans | | 第三章 发展规划 |
Chapter IV Forest Protection | | 第四章 森林保护 |
Chapter V Afforestation and Greening | | 第五章 造林绿化 |
Chapter VI Operations and Management | | 第六章 经营管理 |
Chapter VII Supervisory Inspection | | 第七章 监督检查 |
Chapter VIII Legal Liability | | 第八章 法律责任 |
Chapter IX Supplemental Provisions | | 第九章 附则 |
Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总则 |
Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of implementing the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, protecting, cultivating, and reasonably utilizing forest resources, accelerating land greening, protecting forest ecological security, building ecological civilization, and achieving the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. | | 第一条 为了践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念,保护、培育和合理利用森林资源,加快国土绿化,保障森林生态安全,建设生态文明,实现人与自然和谐共生,制定本法。 |
Article 2 This Law shall apply to the protection, cultivation, and utilization of forests and trees and the operations and management activities of forest, trees, and woodlands conducted in the territory of the People's Republic of China. | | 第二条 在中华人民共和国领域内从事森林、林木的保护、培育、利用和森林、林木、林地的经营管理活动,适用本法。 |
Article 3 Forest resources shall be protected, cultivated, and utilized in such a manner as to respect and conform with nature, in adherence to the principles of according top priority to the ecology and protection, combining protection with cultivation, and sustainable development. | | 第三条 保护、培育、利用森林资源应当尊重自然、顺应自然,坚持生态优先、保护优先、保育结合、可持续发展的原则。 |
Article 4 The state shall implement an objective responsibility system and an evaluation and assessment system for the protection and development of forest resources. Higher people's governments shall evaluate the completion status of the objectives of the protection and development of forest resources, forest fire prevention, and major forest pest control by lower people's governments and publicly disclose the evaluation results. | | 第四条 国家实行森林资源保护发展目标责任制和考核评价制度。上级人民政府对下级人民政府完成森林资源保护发展目标和森林防火、重大林业有害生物防治工作的情况进行考核,并公开考核结果。 |
Local people's governments may establish a forest director system as needed for the protection and development of forest resources in their respective administrative areas. | | 地方人民政府可以根据本行政区域森林资源保护发展的需要,建立林长制。 |
Article 5 The state shall adopt fiscal, tax, financial, and other measures to support the protection and development of forest resources. People's governments at all levels shall guarantee investment in the protection and restoration of the forest ecology and promote forestry development. | | 第五条 国家采取财政、税收、金融等方面的措施,支持森林资源保护发展。各级人民政府应当保障森林生态保护修复的投入,促进林业发展。 |
Article 6 The state shall, with the aim of developing a stable, sound, fine, and efficient forest ecosystem, implement operations and management by classifications of public welfare forests and commercial forests, highlight leading functions, exert multiple functions, and achieve the sustainable utilization of forest resources. | | 第六条 国家以培育稳定、健康、优质、高效的森林生态系统为目标,对公益林和商品林实行分类经营管理,突出主导功能,发挥多种功能,实现森林资源永续利用。 |
Article 7 The state shall establish a forest ecological benefit compensation system, increase the support for the protection of public welfare forests, improve the transfer payment policy for key ecological functional zones, and guide the people's governments in beneficiary areas and forest ecological protection areas in making ecological benefit compensation by consultation or otherwise. | | 第七条 国家建立森林生态效益补偿制度,加大公益林保护支持力度,完善重点生态功能区转移支付政策,指导受益地区和森林生态保护地区人民政府通过协商等方式进行生态效益补偿。 |
Article 8 The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may implement more preferential policies for forest protection and forestry development in ethnic autonomous areas in accordance with the provisions on the autonomy of ethnic autonomous areas issued by the state. | | 第八条 国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府可以依照国家对民族自治地方自治权的规定,对民族自治地方的森林保护和林业发展实行更加优惠的政策。 |
Article 9 The forestry department of the State Council shall be in charge of the national forestry work. The forestry departments of local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the forestry work in their respective administrative areas. | | 第九条 国务院林业主管部门主管全国林业工作。县级以上地方人民政府林业主管部门,主管本行政区域的林业工作。 |
Township people's governments may designate relevant institutions or appoint full-time and part-time personnel to undertake forestry-related work. | | 乡镇人民政府可以确定相关机构或者设置专职、兼职人员承担林业相关工作。 |
Article 10 Afforestation and forest protection are the obligations of citizens. People's governments at all levels shall organize and conduct voluntary tree planting campaigns among the whole people. | | 第十条 植树造林、保护森林,是公民应尽的义务。各级人民政府应当组织开展全民义务植树活动。 |
Tree Planting Day falls on March 12 every year. | | 每年三月十二日为植树节。 |
Article 11 The state shall adopt measures to encourage and support scientific research on forestry and promote advanced and applicable forestry technologies, so as to improve the level of forestry science and technology. | | 第十一条 国家采取措施,鼓励和支持林业科学研究,推广先进适用的林业技术,提高林业科学技术水平。 |
Article 12 People's governments at all levels shall strengthen publicity, education, and dissemination of knowledge about the protection of forest resources and support autonomous people's organizations at primary level, news media, forestry enterprises and public institutions, and volunteers, among others, in conducting forest resource protection publicity campaigns. | | 第十二条 各级人民政府应当加强森林资源保护的宣传教育和知识普及工作,鼓励和支持基层群众性自治组织、新闻媒体、林业企业事业单位、志愿者等开展森林资源保护宣传活动。 |
Education authorities and schools shall educate students on the protection of forest resources. | | 教育行政部门、学校应当对学生进行森林资源保护教育。 |
Article 13 Any organization or individual that has made outstanding achievements in afforestation and greening, forest protection, agricultural operations related to and management of forests, and scientific research on forestry shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 第十三条 对在造林绿化、森林保护、森林经营管理以及林业科学研究等方面成绩显著的组织或者个人,按照国家有关规定给予表彰、奖励。 |
Chapter II Forest Rights | | 第二章 森林权属 |
Article 14 Forest resources belong to the state, except those that are collectively owned under the law. | | 第十四条 森林资源属于国家所有,由法律规定属于集体所有的除外。 |
Ownership of state forest resources shall be exercised by the State Council on behalf of the state. The State Council may authorize the natural resources department of the State Council to uniformly perform the duties of the owner of state forest resources. | | 国家所有的森林资源的所有权由国务院代表国家行使。国务院可以授权国务院自然资源主管部门统一履行国有森林资源所有者职责。 |
Article 15 For ownership and rights to use of woodlands and forests and trees thereon, the real property registration authorities shall uniformly make registration and records and issue certificates. For the forests, trees, and woodlands in state key forest areas (hereinafter referred to as the “key forest areas”) determined by the State Council, the natural resources department of the State Council shall be responsible for registration. | | 第十五条 林地和林地上的森林、林木的所有权、使用权,由不动产登记机构统一登记造册,核发证书。国务院确定的国家重点林区(以下简称重点林区)的森林、林木和林地,由国务院自然资源主管部门负责登记。 |
The lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of forests, trees, and woodlands shall be protected by law, without being violated by any organization or individual. | | 森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者的合法权益受法律保护,任何组织和个人不得侵犯。 |
The owners and users of forests, trees, and woodlands shall lawfully protect and reasonably utilize forests, trees, and woodlands in accordance with the law and neither illegally change the use of woodlands nor destroy forests, trees, and woodlands. | | 森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者应当依法保护和合理利用森林、林木、林地,不得非法改变林地用途和毁坏森林、林木、林地。 |
Article 16 State woodlands and the forests and trees thereon may be so determined by law as to be used by forest operators. Rights to use state woodlands and the forests and trees thereon acquired by forest operators in accordance with the law may be transferred, leased, and contributed to capital at appraised value, among others, with approval. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council. | | 第十六条 国家所有的林地和林地上的森林、林木可以依法确定给林业经营者使用。林业经营者依法取得的国有林地和林地上的森林、林木的使用权,经批准可以转让、出租、作价出资等。具体办法由国务院制定。 |
Forest operators shall perform their obligations to protect and cultivate forest resources, ensure the stable growth of state forest resources, and improve the ecological functions of forests. | | 林业经营者应当履行保护、培育森林资源的义务,保证国有森林资源稳定增长,提高森林生态功能。 |
Article 17 Where woodlands owned collectively or owned by the state and used by farmers collectively under the law (hereinafter referred to as the “collective woodlands”) are subject to a conventional usufruct for agricultural operations, the contractor shall enjoy a conventional usufruct on woodlands for agricultural operations and ownership of the trees on the woodlands subject to the conventional usufruct, unless otherwise provided by contract. The contractor may circulate his or her usufruct on the woodlands and ownership and rights to use of the trees by leasing (subcontracting), in payment for shares, by transfer, or otherwise, according to the law. | | 第十七条 集体所有和国家所有依法由农民集体使用的林地(以下简称集体林地)实行承包经营的,承包方享有林地承包经营权和承包林地上的林木所有权,合同另有约定的从其约定。承包方可以依法采取出租(转包)、入股、转让等方式流转林地经营权、林木所有权和使用权。 |
Article 18 For collective woodlands not under a conventional usufruct for agricultural operations and the trees thereon, the rural collective economic organization shall organize operations in a unified manner. With the consent of more than two-thirds of the members of the villagers' meeting of the members of the collective economic organization or two-thirds of villagers' representatives, the usufruct on the woodlands and ownership and rights to use of the trees may be circulated according to the law by bidding, auction, public consultation, and other means. | | 第十八条 未实行承包经营的集体林地以及林地上的林木,由农村集体经济组织统一经营。经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表同意并公示,可以通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式依法流转林地经营权、林木所有权和使用权。 |
Article 19 For the circulation of a usufruct on collective woodlands, a written contract shall be signed. A contract for the circulation of a usufruct on woodlands generally contains the rights and obligations of the parties to the circulation, period of circulation, price of circulation and methods of payment, disposition of trees and fixed production facilities on the woodlands at the expiry of the period of circulation, liability for breach of contract, and other contents. | | 第十九条 集体林地经营权流转应当签订书面合同。林地经营权流转合同一般包括流转双方的权利义务、流转期限、流转价款及支付方式、流转期限届满林地上的林木和固定生产设施的处置、违约责任等内容。 |
If a transferee violates the law or the contract, causing serious damage to the forests, trees, or woodlands, the landowner or contractor shall have the right to recover the usufruct on the woodlands. | | 受让方违反法律规定或者合同约定造成森林、林木、林地严重毁坏的,发包方或者承包方有权收回林地经营权。 |
Article 20 For the trees planted by state-owned enterprises, public institutions, government agencies, groups, and the military, the planting entities shall conduct management and protection and control the income generated by the trees in accordance with the provisions issued by the state. | | 第二十条 国有企业事业单位、机关、团体、部队营造的林木,由营造单位管护并按照国家规定支配林木收益。 |
The trees planted by rural residents around their buildings and on plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for private use belong to the individuals. The trees planted by urban residents in the courtyards of their own buildings belong to the individuals. | | 农村居民在房前屋后、自留地、自留山种植的林木,归个人所有。城镇居民在自有房屋的庭院内种植的林木,归个人所有。 |
The trees planted in barren hills, land, and beaches fit for forests, owned collectively or by the state, under a contract awarded to a collective or an individual belong to the collective or individual, unless otherwise provided by contract. | | 集体或者个人承包国家所有和集体所有的宜林荒山荒地荒滩营造的林木,归承包的集体或者个人所有;合同另有约定的从其约定。 |
The trees planted by any other organization or individual belong to the planter, and the planter shall enjoy the income generated by the trees, unless otherwise provided by contract. | | 其他组织或者个人营造的林木,依法由营造者所有并享有林木收益;合同另有约定的从其约定。 |
Article 21 Where the expropriation or requisition of woodlands and trees are compellingly entailed by the public interest such as ecological protection and infrastructure construction, approval procedures shall be completed in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations such as the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, and equitable and reasonable compensation shall be made. | | 第二十一条 为了生态保护、基础设施建设等公共利益的需要,确需征收、征用林地、林木的,应当依照《中华人民共和国土地管理法》等法律、行政法规的规定办理审批手续,并给予公平、合理的补偿。 |
Article 22 Any dispute over ownership and rights to use of trees and woodlands between entities shall be handled by the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the law. | | 第二十二条 单位之间发生的林木、林地所有权和使用权争议,由县级以上人民政府依法处理。 |
Any dispute over ownership and rights to use of trees and woodlands between individuals or between an individual and an entity shall be handled by the township people's government or the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the law. | | 个人之间、个人与单位之间发生的林木所有权和林地使用权争议,由乡镇人民政府或者县级以上人民政府依法处理。 |
Any party dissatisfied with the handling decision of the relevant people's government may sue in a people's court within 30 days of receiving the notice of the handling decision. | | 当事人对有关人民政府的处理决定不服的,可以自接到处理决定通知之日起三十日内,向人民法院起诉。 |
If a dispute over the rights to trees and woodlands is pending, neither party may log the trees in dispute or change the status of the woodlands, except as needed for forest fire prevention, forest pest control, and major national infrastructure construction, among others. | | 在林木、林地权属争议解决前,除因森林防火、林业有害生物防治、国家重大基础设施建设等需要外,当事人任何一方不得砍伐有争议的林木或者改变林地现状。 |
Chapter III Development Plans | | 第三章 发展规划 |
Article 23 People's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the protection of forest resources and forestry development into their national economic and social development plans. | | 第二十三条 县级以上人民政府应当将森林资源保护和林业发展纳入国民经济和社会发展规划。 |
Article 24 People's governments at or above the county level shall implement the requirements for spatial development and protection, reasonably plan the structure and distribution of the protection and utilization of forest resources, formulate goals of the protection and development of forest resources, increase forest coverage and accumulation, and improve the quality and stability of forest ecosystems. | | 第二十四条 县级以上人民政府应当落实国土空间开发保护要求,合理规划森林资源保护利用结构和布局,制定森林资源保护发展目标,提高森林覆盖率、森林蓄积量,提升森林生态系统质量和稳定性。 |
Article 25 The forestry departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall prepare forestry development plans in accordance with the goals of the protection and development of forest resources. A lower forestry development plan shall be prepared in accordance with a higher forestry development plan. | | 第二十五条 县级以上人民政府林业主管部门应当根据森林资源保护发展目标,编制林业发展规划。下级林业发展规划依据上级林业发展规划编制。 |
Article 26 The forestry departments of people's governments at or above the county level may prepare special plans in relation to the protection and utilization of woodlands, afforestation and greening, forest operations, protection of natural forests, and the like, in light of local actual circumstances. | | 第二十六条 县级以上人民政府林业主管部门可以结合本地实际,编制林地保护利用、造林绿化、森林经营、天然林保护等相关专项规划。 |
Article 27 The state shall establish a forest resources survey and monitoring system to survey, monitor, assess, and regularly release the status and changes of forest resources nationwide. | | 第二十七条 国家建立森林资源调查监测制度,对全国森林资源现状及变化情况进行调查、监测和评价,并定期公布。 |
Chapter IV Forest Protection | | 第四章 森林保护 |
Article 28 The state shall strengthen the protection of forest resources and exert the various functions of forests such as water storage and soil conservation, climate regulation, environmental improvement, biodiversity protection, and provision of forest products. | | 第二十八条 国家加强森林资源保护,发挥森林蓄水保土、调节气候、改善环境、维护生物多样性和提供林产品等多种功能。 |
Article 29 Central and local finance authorities shall separately arrange funds for the planting, tending, protection, and management of public welfare forests and financial compensation payable to holders of rights to non-state public welfare forests and grant the funds for the designated use. The specific measures shall be formulated by the finance department of the State Council in conjunction with the forestry department. ...... | | 第二十九条 中央和地方财政分别安排资金,用于公益林的营造、抚育、保护、管理和非国有公益林权利人的经济补偿等,实行专款专用。具体办法由国务院财政部门会同林业主管部门制定。 ...... |
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