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Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (2015Amendment) [Revised]
中华人民共和国文物保护法(2015修正) [已被修订]
【法宝引证码】

Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China 

中华人民共和国文物保护法

(Adopted at the 25th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress on November 19,1982; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision on Revising Article 3031 of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China as adopted at the 20th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on June 29,1991; revised at the 30th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 28, 2002; amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People' s Republic of China as adopted at 31st Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on December 29,2007; and amended for the third time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and Other Eleven Laws as adopted at the Third Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress on June 29, 2013; and amended for the fourth time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China at the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 24, 2015) (1982年11月19日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十五次会议通过根据1991年6月29日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国文物保护法〉第三十条、第三十一条的决定》第一次修正2002年10月28日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议修订根据2007年12月29日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国文物保护法〉的决定》第二次修正根据2013年6月29日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国文物保护法〉等十二部法律的决定》第三次修正根据2015年4月24日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国文物保护法〉的决定》第四次修正)
Contents 目录
Chapter I General Rules 第一章 总则
Chapter II Unmovable Cultural Relics 第二章 不可移动文物
Chapter III Archaeological Excavations 第三章 考古发掘
Chapter IV Cultural Relics in Collection of Cultural Institutions 第四章 馆藏文物
Chapter V Cultural Relics in Civil Collection 第五章 民间收藏文物
Chapter VI Entry and Exit of Cultural Relics 第六章 文物出境进境
Chapter VII Legal Responsibilities 第七章 法律责任
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions 第八章 附则
Chapter I General Rules 

第一章 总则

Article 1 With a view to strengthening the protection of cultural relics, inheriting the splendid historical and cultural legacy of the Chinese Nation, promoting the scientific research, conducting education in patriotism and revolutionary tradition, and building the socialist spiritual and material civilization, this Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution.   第一条 为了加强对文物的保护,继承中华民族优秀的历史文化遗产,促进科学研究工作,进行爱国主义和革命传统教育,建设社会主义精神文明和物质文明,根据宪法,制定本法。
Article 2 The state shall place under its protection, within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China, the following cultural relics:   第二条 在中华人民共和国境内,下列文物受国家保护:
(1) Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings and mural paintings that are of historical, artistic or scientific value; (一)具有历史、艺术、科学价值的古文化遗址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺和石刻、壁画;
(2) Important historical sites, material objects and typical buildings of modern and contemporary times related to major historical events, revolutionary movements or famous people that are highly memorable or are of great significance for education or for the preservation of historical data; (二)与重大历史事件、革命运动或者著名人物有关的以及具有重要纪念意义、教育意义或者史料价值的近代现代重要史迹、实物、代表性建筑;
(3) Valuable works of art and handicraft articles dating from various historical periods; (三)历史上各时代珍贵的艺术品、工艺美术品;
(4) Important documents as well as manuscripts, books and materials, etc., that are of historical, artistic or scientific value dating from various historical periods; and (四)历史上各时代重要的文献资料以及具有历史、艺术、科学价值的手稿和图书资料等;
(5) Typical material objects reflecting the social system, social production or the life of various nationalities in different historical periods. (五)反映历史上各时代、各民族社会制度、社会生产、社会生活的代表性实物。
The criteria and measures for the determination of cultural relics shall be formulated by the department of cultural relics administration under the State Council, which shall report such measures to the State Council for approval. 文物认定的标准和办法由国务院文物行政部门制定,并报国务院批准。
Fossils of paleo vertebrates and paleo anthropoids of scientific value shall be protected by the state in the same way as cultural relics. 具有科学价值的古脊椎动物化石和古人类化石同文物一样受国家保护。
Article 3 Unmovable cultural relics, such as sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings, mural paintings, and important historical sites and typical buildings of modern and contemporary times, etc., may be determined as major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level, historical and cultural sites protected at the province level and historical and cultural sites protected at the level of city or county.   第三条 古文化遗址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、石刻、壁画、近代现代重要史迹和代表性建筑等不可移动文物,根据它们的历史、艺术、科学价值,可以分别确定为全国重点文物保护单位,省级文物保护单位,市、县级文物保护单位。
Movable cultural relics, such as important material objects, artworks, documents, manuscripts, books and materials, and typical material objects, etc., are divided into valuable cultural relics and ordinary cultural relics; valuable cultural relics are divided into Grade 1 cultural relics, Grade 2 cultural relics and Grade 3 cultural relics. 历史上各时代重要实物、艺术品、文献、手稿、图书资料、代表性实物等可移动文物,分为珍贵文物和一般文物;珍贵文物分为一级文物、二级文物、三级文物。
Article 4 The principles of focus on protection, giving first place to rescue, reasonably utilization and strengthening the management shall be followed in the work concerning cultural relics protection.   第四条 文物工作贯彻保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理的方针。
Article 5 All cultural relics remaining underground or in the inland waters or territorial seas within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China shall belong to the state.   第五条 中华人民共和国境内地下、内水和领海中遗存的一切文物,属于国家所有。
Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs and cave temples shall belong to the state. Unmovable cultural relics, such as memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures, stone carvings, mural paintings and typical buildings of modern and contemporary times, etc. designated for protection by the state, shall belong to the state, unless it is otherwise provided by the state. 古文化遗址、古墓葬、石窟寺属于国家所有。国家指定保护的纪念建筑物、古建筑、石刻、壁画、近代现代代表性建筑等不可移动文物,除国家另有规定的以外,属于国家所有。
Ownership of state-owned unmovable cultural relics shall not be changed as a result of the change of ownership of or use right to the land to which the cultural relics are attached. 国有不可移动文物的所有权不因其所依附的土地所有权或者使用权的改变而改变。
The following movable cultural relics shall belong to the state: 下列可移动文物,属于国家所有:
(1) Cultural relics unearthed within China, except otherwise provided for by the state; (一)中国境内出土的文物,国家另有规定的除外;
(2) Cultural relics in the collection and preservation by collection entities of state-owned cultural relics, as well as other state organs, armed forces, state-owned enterprises and public institutions, etc; (二)国有文物收藏单位以及其他国家机关、部队和国有企业、事业组织等收藏、保管的文物;
(3) Cultural relics collected and purchased by the state; (三)国家征集、购买的文物;
(4) Cultural relics donated to the state by citizens, legal persons and other organizations; (四)公民、法人和其他组织捐赠给国家的文物;
(5) Other cultural relics owned by the state as provided for by the law. (五)法律规定属于国家所有的其他文物。
Ownership of state-owned movable cultural relics shall not be changed as a result of the termination or alteration of the collection or preservation entities. 属于国家所有的可移动文物的所有权不因其保管、收藏单位的终止或者变更而改变。
Ownership of state-owned cultural relics shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed upon. 国有文物所有权受法律保护,不容侵犯。
Article 6 The ownership of memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures and cultural relics handed down from generation to generation that belong to collectives or individuals shall be protected by law. Owners of the cultural relics must abide by the relevant state regulations governing the protection and control of cultural relics.   第六条 属于集体所有和私人所有的纪念建筑物、古建筑和祖传文物以及依法取得的其他文物,其所有权受法律保护。文物的所有者必须遵守国家有关文物保护的法律、法规的规定。
Article 7 All government organs, public organizations and individuals have the obligation to protect cultural relics pursuant to law.   第七条 一切机关、组织和个人都有依法保护文物的义务。
Article 8 The department of cultural relics administration under the State Council shall take charge of the work concerning cultural relics protection throughout the country.   第八条 国务院文物行政部门主管全国文物保护工作。
Local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for the work of protecting cultural relics in their respective administrative jurisdictions. The departments of local people's governments at and above the county level that undertakes the protection of cultural relics shall supervise and administrate cultural relics protection within their respective administrative jurisdictions. 地方各级人民政府负责本行政区域内的文物保护工作。县级以上地方人民政府承担文物保护工作的部门对本行政区域内的文物保护实施监督管理。
The relevant administrative departments of local people's governments at and above the county level shall be responsible for the relevant cultural relics protection work within their respective scope of duties. 县级以上人民政府有关行政部门在各自的职责范围内,负责有关的文物保护工作。
Article 9 The people's governments at various levels shall stress the protection of cultural relics, properly handle the relationship between economic construction, social development, and cultural relics protection, and ensure the safety of cultural relics.   第九条 各级人民政府应当重视文物保护,正确处理经济建设、社会发展与文物保护的关系,确保文物安全。
Infrastructure constructions and tourism development must comply with the principles for the protection of cultural relics, and may not damage cultural relics. 基本建设、旅游发展必须遵守文物保护工作的方针,其活动不得对文物造成损害。
Public security bodies, industry and commerce administrations, customs offices, urban and rural construction planning bodies and other relevant state organs shall earnestly perform their duties of cultural relics protection and maintain the order of cultural relics administration pursuant to law. 公安机关、工商行政管理部门、海关、城乡建设规划部门和其他有关国家机关,应当依法认真履行所承担的保护文物的职责,维护文物管理秩序。
Article 10 The state develops the cause of cultural relics protection. The people's governments at and above the county level shall bring the cause of cultural relics protection into the national economic and social development planning of the corresponding levels, and the expenses needed shall be listed in the budgets of the government of corresponding levels.   第十条 国家发展文物保护事业。县级以上人民政府应当将文物保护事业纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划,所需经费列入本级财政预算。
The state financial allocation used in cultural relics protection shall be increased with the increase of financial revenue. 国家用于文物保护的财政拨款随着财政收入增长而增加。
The public income of state-owned museums, memorials, and cultural relics protection entities shall be especially used in cultural relics protection, and no entity or individual may take into their own possession or misappropriate the fund. 国有博物馆、纪念馆、文物保护单位等的事业性收入,专门用于文物保护,任何单位或者个人不得侵占、挪用。
The state encourages the establishment of social foundations for cultural relics protection, especially used in cultural relics protection, through donation and other forms, and no entity or individual may take into their own possession or misappropriate the fund. 国家鼓励通过捐赠等方式设立文物保护社会基金,专门用于文物保护,任何单位或者个人不得侵占、挪用。
Article 11 Cultural relics are non-renewable cultural resources. The state shall strengthens the propaganda and education on cultural relics protection, enhance the sense of cultural relics protection of the people, encourage the scientific research of cultural relics protection, and improve the scientific and technological level of cultural relics protection.   第十一条 文物是不可再生的文化资源。国家加强文物保护的宣传教育,增强全民文物保护的意识,鼓励文物保护的科学研究,提高文物保护的科学技术水平。
Article 12 The state shall give moral encouragement or material awards to entities or persons for any of the following performances:   第十二条 有下列事迹的单位或者个人,由国家给予精神鼓励或者物质奖励:
(1) Serious implementation of the laws and regulations concerning cultural relics and remarkable achievements in protecting cultural relics; (一)认真执行文物保护法律、法规,保护文物成绩显著的;
(2) Resolute struggle against criminal acts in the interest of protecting cultural relics; (二)为保护文物与违法犯罪行为作坚决斗争的;
(3) Donation of important cultural relics in one's own collection to the state or making donations for the cause of cultural relics protection; (三)将个人收藏的重要文物捐献给国家或者为文物保护事业作出捐赠的;
(4) Timely communication of information on or delivery of the cultural relics discovered, which facilitates their protection; (四)发现文物及时上报或者上交,使文物得到保护的;
(5) Major contribution in archaeological excavations. (五)在考古发掘工作中作出重大贡献的;
(6) Important inventions and innovations in, or other major contributions to, the science and techniques for the protection of cultural relics; (六)在文物保护科学技术方面有重要发明创造或者其他重要贡献的;
(7) Meritorious service in rescuing cultural relics in danger of being destroyed; and (七)在文物面临破坏危险时,抢救文物有功的;
(8) Long-time service and outstanding achievements in the field of cultural relics. (八)长期从事文物工作,作出显著成绩的。
Chapter II Unmovable Cultural Relics 

第二章 不可移动文物

Article 13 The department of cultural relics administration under the State Council shall select, from among the historical and cultural sites protected at the levels of province, city and county, those of significant historical, artistic or scientific value as major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level, or shall directly designate such sites and report them to the State Council for approval and announcement.   第十三条 国务院文物行政部门在省级、市、县级文物保护单位中,选择具有重大历史、艺术、科学价值的确定为全国重点文物保护单位,或者直接确定为全国重点文物保护单位,报国务院核定公布。
Sites protected at the level of province shall be subject to the approval and announcement of the people's governments at the levels of province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government, and be reported to the State Council for record. 省级文物保护单位,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府核定公布,并报国务院备案。
Sites protected at the level of city and county shall be subject to the approval and announcement of the people's governments at the level of city divided into districts, autonomous prefecture and county, and be reported to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for record. 市级和县级文物保护单位,分别由设区的市、自治州和县级人民政府核定公布,并报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府备案。
Unmovable cultural relics not approved and announced as protected historical and cultural sites shall be registered and announced by the departments of cultural relics administration of the people's governments at the county level. 尚未核定公布为文物保护单位的不可移动文物,由县级人民政府文物行政部门予以登记并公布。
Article 14 A city with an unusual wealth of cultural relics of high historical value and major revolutionary significance may be famous city of historical and cultural value, which shall be subject to the approval and announcement of the State Council.   第十四条 保存文物特别丰富并且具有重大历史价值或者革命纪念意义的城市,由国务院核定公布为历史文化名城。
A town, street, or village with an unusual wealth of cultural relics of high historical value and major revolutionary significance may be a street, village or towns of historical and cultural value, which shall be subject to the approval and announcement of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government, and shall be reported to the State Council for record. 保存文物特别丰富并且具有重大历史价值或者革命纪念意义的城镇、街道、村庄,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府核定公布为历史文化街区、村镇,并报国务院备案。
The local people's governments at and above the county level of the place where the famous cities, streets, villages and towns of historical and cultural value are located shall organize the formulation of plans on protection of those famous cities, streets, villages and towns, and bring that planning into the overall city planning. 历史文化名城和历史文化街区、村镇所在地的县级以上地方人民政府应当组织编制专门的历史文化名城和历史文化街区、村镇保护规划,并纳入城市总体规划。
Measures for the protection of famous cities, the streets, villages and towns of historical and cultural value shall be formulated by the State Council. 历史文化名城和历史文化街区、村镇的保护办法,由国务院制定。
Article 15 The people's government of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and of cities and counties shall delimit the necessary scope of protection, put up signs and notices, and establish records and files for the historical and cultural sites protected at different levels and shall, in the light of different circumstances, establish special organs or assign full-time personnel to be responsible for the administration of these sites. The scope of protection and records and files for the major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level shall be reported by the departments of cultural relics administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government to the department of cultural relics administration under the State Council for record.   第十五条 各级文物保护单位,分别由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府和市、县级人民政府划定必要的保护范围,作出标志说明,建立记录档案,并区别情况分别设置专门机构或者专人负责管理。全国重点文物保护单位的保护范围和记录档案,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府文物行政部门报国务院文物行政部门备案。
The departments of cultural relics administration of the local people's governments at and above the county level shall, according to the demand for protecting different cultural relics, work out specific protective measures for the unmovable cultural relics of the protected historical and cultural sites and those not approved as protected sites, and shall announce and implement such measures. 县级以上地方人民政府文物行政部门应当根据不同文物的保护需要,制定文物保护单位和未核定为文物保护单位的不可移动文物的具体保护措施,并公告施行。
Article 16 When drawing up plans for urban and rural construction, the people's governments at various levels must, according to the needs of cultural relics protection, see to it that the protective measures for the historical and cultural sites protected at different levels are first worked out through consultation by the departments of urban and rural construction planning in conjunction with the departments of cultural relics administration, and that such measures are included in the plans.   第十六条 各级人民政府制定城乡建设规划,应当根据文物保护的需要,事先由城乡建设规划部门会同文物行政部门商定对本行政区域内各级文物保护单位的保护措施,并纳入规划。
Article 17 No additional construction projects or operations such as explosion, drilling or excavation, etc. may be undertaken within the scope of protection of a protected historical and cultural site. However, if additional construction projects or operations such as explosion, drilling or excavation need to be undertaken within the scope of protection of such a site due to special reasons, the safety of the site must be guaranteed, and approval must be obtained from the people's government which made the original approval and announcement on the designation of the site, with consent first obtained from the department of cultural relics administration of the people's government at the next higher level; If additional construction projects or operations such as explosion, drilling or excavation are to be undertaken within the scope of protection of a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level, approval must be obtained from the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, with consent first obtained from the department of cultural relics administration under the State Council.   第十七条 文物保护单位的保护范围内不得进行其他建设工程或者爆破、钻探、挖掘等作业。但是,因特殊情况需要在文物保护单位的保护范围内进行其他建设工程或者爆破、钻探、挖掘等作业的,必须保证文物保护单位的安全,并经核定公布该文物保护单位的人民政府批准,在批准前应当征得上一级人民政府文物行政部门同意;在全国重点文物保护单位的保护范围内进行其他建设工程或者爆破、钻探、挖掘等作业的,必须经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准,在批准前应当征得国务院文物行政部门同意。
Article 18 According to the actual needs for the protection of cultural relics and with the approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, a certain area for construction control may be delimited around a protected historical and cultural site and be announced.   第十八条 根据保护文物的实际需要,经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准,可以在文物保护单位的周围划出一定的建设控制地带,并予以公布。
Construction projects in such an area shall not deform the historical features of the protected historical and cultural site; the project design scheme must, according to the level of the site, be subject to the consent of the corresponding department of cultural relics administration before it is submitted to the department of urban and rural construction planning for approval. 在文物保护单位的建设控制地带内进行建设工程,不得破坏文物保护单位的历史风貌;工程设计方案应当根据文物保护单位的级别,经相应的文物行政部门同意后,报城乡建设规划部门批准。
Article 19 Within the scope of protection and the area for construction control of a protected historical and cultural site, no facility that pollutes the site and the environment thereof may be constructed, neither may any activity that may affect the safety and environment of that site be carried out. The existing facilities that pollute protected historical and cultural sites and the environment thereof shall be disposed of within the prescribed time limits.   第十九条 在文物保护单位的保护范围和建设控制地带内,不得建设污染文物保护单位及其环境的设施,不得进行可能影响文物保护单位安全及其环境的活动。对已有的污染文物保护单位及其环境的设施,应当限期治理。
Article 20 Unmovable cultural relics shall be avoided in the choosing of construction sites by whatever possible means; if a protected historical and cultural site can't be avoided for special circumstances, the original site shall be protected by whatever possible means.   第二十条 建设工程选址,应当尽可能避开不可移动文物;因特殊情况不能避开的,对文物保护单位应当尽可能实施原址保护。
Where the original site is to be protected, the construction entity shall work out protective measures in advance, and, according to the level of the protected historical and cultural site, submit such measures to the corresponding department of cultural relics administration for approval, and shall list the protective measures in the feasibility study report or the planning project description. 实施原址保护的,建设单位应当事先确定保护措施,根据文物保护单位的级别报相应的文物行政部门批准,并将保护措施列入可行性研究报告或者设计任务书。
Where the original site can't be protected and removal for protection in other place or dismantling must be carried out, the matter shall be submitted for approval to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; for removal or dismantling of a historical and cultural site protected at the provincial level, consent of the department of cultural relics administration under the State Council must be obtained before the matter is submitted for approval. No major historical and cultural site protected at the national level may be dismantled, if it is needed to remove such a site, the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit the matter to the State Council for approval. 无法实施原址保护,必须迁移异地保护或者拆除的,应当报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准;迁移或者拆除省级文物保护单位的,批准前须征得国务院文物行政部门同意。全国重点文物保护单位不得拆除;需要迁移的,须由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府报国务院批准。
Mural paintings, sculptures, and construction components that are included in state-owned unmovable cultural relics dismantled pursuant to the preceding paragraph and that have collection values shall be collected by the cultural relics collection entities designated by the departments of cultural relics administration. 依照前款规定拆除的国有不可移动文物中具有收藏价值的壁画、雕塑、建筑构件等,由文物行政部门指定的文物收藏单位收藏。
The expenses needed for protection of the original site, for removal and dismantling provided for in this article shall be listed in the project budget of the construction entity. 本条规定的原址保护、迁移、拆除所需费用,由建设单位列入建设工程预算。
Article 21 Repairs and maintenance of state-owned unmovable cultural shall be taken care of by the users, and repairs and maintenance of non-state-owned cultural relics shall be taken care of by the owners. Where any non-state-owned cultural relics are in danger of being damaged and the owner is incapable of repairing, the local people's government shall give assistance; where the owner is capable of repairing but refuses to perform the repair obligation, the people's government at or above the county level shall rescue and repair the culture relics, and the expenses incurred thereby shall be borne by the owner.   第二十一条 国有不可移动文物由使用人负责修缮、保养;非国有不可移动文物由所有人负责修缮、保养。非国有不可移动文物有损毁危险,所有人不具备修缮能力的,当地人民政府应当给予帮助;所有人具备修缮能力而拒不依法履行修缮义务的,县级以上人民政府可以给予抢救修缮,所需费用由所有人负担。
Repairing of a protected historical and cultural site shall be submitted for approval to the corresponding department of cultural relics administration according to the site's level; repairing of unmovable culture relics which haven't been determined as protected historical and culture sites shall be submitted for approval to the department of cultural relics administration of the people's governments at the county level which accepted the registration.
......
 对文物保护单位进行修缮,应当根据文物保护单位的级別报相应的文物行政部门批准;对未核定为文物保护单位的不可移动文物进行修缮,应当报登记的县级人民政府文物行政部门批准。
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