China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation | | 中国的亚太安全合作政策 |
| (January 2017 The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China) | | （2017年1月 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室） |
| Contents | | 目录 |
| Preface | | 前言 |
| I. China's Policies and Positions on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation | | 一、中国对亚太安全合作的政策主张 |
| II. China's Security Vision for the Asia-Pacific Region | | 二、中国的亚太安全理念 |
| III. China's Relations with Other Major Asia-Pacific Countries | | 三、中国与地区其他主要国家的关系 |
| IV. China's Positions and Views on Regional Hotspot Issues | | 四、中国在地区热点问题上的立场和主张 |
| V. China's Participation in Major Multilateral Mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific Region | | 五、中国参与亚太地区主要多边机制 |
| VI. China's Participation in Regional Non-Traditional Security Cooperation | | 六、中国参与地区非传统安全合作 |
| Conclusion | | 结束语 |
| Preface | | 前言 |
| The Asia-Pacific region covers a vast area with numerous countries and 60 percent of the world's population. Its economic and trade volumes take up nearly 60 percent and half of the world's total, respectively. It has an important strategic position in the world. In recent years, the development of the Asia-Pacific region has increasingly caught people's attention. It has become the most dynamic region with the strongest potential in the world. All parties are attaching greater importance to and investing more in this region. With the profound adjustment of the pattern of international relations, the regional situation of the Asia-Pacific area is also undergoing profound changes. | | 亚洲和太平洋地区地域广阔，国家众多，拥有全世界60%的人口，经济和贸易总量分别占全球总额的近六成和一半，在世界格局中具有重要战略地位。近年来，亚太地区的发展日益引人注目，成为全球最具发展活力和潜力的地区，地区国家进一步加大对亚太地区的重视和投入。随着国际关系格局的深刻调整，亚太地区格局也在发生重要深刻变化。 |
| China is committed to promoting peace and stability in this region. It follows the path of peaceful development and the mutually beneficial strategy of opening up, and pursues friendly cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. It has participated in regional cooperation in an all-round way and taken active steps in response to both traditional and non-traditional security challenges, contributing to lasting peace and common prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. | | 中国一直致力于维护亚太地区的和平与稳定，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上同所有国家发展友好合作，全面参与区域合作，积极应对传统安全和非传统安全挑战，为推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的亚太不懈努力。 |
| I. China's Policies and Positions on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation | | 一、中国对亚太安全合作的政策主张 |
Currently, the situation in the Asia-Pacific region is stable on the whole, with a strong momentum for peace and development. The Asia-Pacific region is a stable part of the global landscape. To promote peace and seek stability and development is the strategic goal and common aspiration of most countries in the region. Political mutual trust among countries has been strengthened, and major countries have frequently interacted and cooperated with one another. To address differences and disputes through negotiation and consultation is the major policy of countries in the region. Regional hotspot issues and disputes are basically under control.The region has secured steady and relatively fast growth, continuing to lead the world in this respect. Regional integration has gathered pace, with booming sub-regional cooperation. Free trade arrangements in various forms have made steady progress, and a new phase has emerged for dynamic connectivity building. However, the Asia-Pacific region still faces multiple destabilizing and uncertain factors. The nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula is complex and sensitive; the reconciliation process in Afghanistan remains slow; and disputes over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests continue to unfold. Some countries are increasing their military deployment in the region, certain country seeks to shake off military constraints, and some countries are undergoing complex political and social transformations. Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, natural disasters and transnational crimes have become more prominent. Asia's economy still faces significant downward pressure as a result of its structural problems as well as external economic and financial risks.
As an important member of the Asia-Pacific family, China is fully aware that its peaceful development is closely linked with the future of the region. China has all along taken the advancement of regional prosperity and stability as its own responsibility. China is ready to pursue security through dialogue and cooperation in the spirit of working together for mutually beneficial results, and safeguard peace and stability jointly with other countries in the region. | | 当前，亚太地区形势总体稳定向好，和平与发展的势头依然强劲，是当前全球格局中的稳定板块。促和平、求稳定、谋发展是多数国家的战略取向和共同诉求。亚太国家间政治互信不断增强，大国互动频繁并总体保持合作态势。通过对话协商处理分歧和争端是各国主要政策取向，地区热点和争议问题基本可控。亚太经济保持平稳较快增长，处于世界经济增长“高地”。区域一体化加速推进，次区域合作蓬勃发展。各类自贸安排稳步推进，互联互通建设进入新一轮活跃期。同时，亚太地区仍面临诸多不稳定、不确定因素。朝鲜半岛问题复杂敏感，阿富汗和解进程进展缓慢，领土主权和海洋权益争端继续发酵。一些国家加大在亚太军事部署，个别国家推动军事松绑，部分国家经历复杂政治社会转型，恐怖主义、自然灾害、跨国犯罪等非传统安全威胁日益突出。受自身结构性问题和外部经济金融风险等影响，亚洲经济仍面临较大下行压力。作为亚太大家庭中的重要一员，中国深知自身和平发展与亚太未来息息相关，一直以来以促进亚太繁荣稳定为己任。中国愿同地区国家秉持合作共赢理念，扎实推进安全对话合作，共同维护亚太和平与稳定的良好局面。 |
| First, we should promote common development and lay a solid economic foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To enhance the convergence of economic interests is an important basis for sound state-to-state relations. Common development provides a fundamental safeguard for peace and stability, and holds the key to various security issues. Considerable achievements have been made in economic cooperation. On this basis, we should accelerate the process of economic integration and continue to advance the building of free trade areas and connectivity as well as comprehensive economic and social development. We should implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and narrow the developmental gap in the region, so that all countries and people of all social strata will enjoy the dividends of development, and the interests of countries will be more closely intertwined. | | 第一，促进共同发展，夯实亚太和平稳定的经济基础。扩大经济利益融合是国家间关系的重要基础，实现共同发展是维护和平稳定的根本保障，是解决各类安全问题的“总钥匙”。亚太地区在经济合作方面已取得不少成果，应在此基础上加快经济一体化进程，继续推进自贸区建设和互联互通，促进经济社会全面发展。落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，缩小区内发展差距，让各国和各阶层民众共享发展红利，拉紧各国利益纽带。 |
| Focusing on common development, China has put forward and actively promoted the Belt and Road Initiative and initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund. We welcome continued participation by all countries for mutually beneficial outcomes. | | 着眼于共同发展，中国提出并积极推动“一带一路”建设，倡议成立了亚洲基础设施投资银行和丝路基金。中国欢迎各国继续积极参与，实现互利共赢。 |
| Second, we should promote the building of partnerships and strengthen the political foundation for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific countries have unique diversities. Countries may become partners when they have the same values and ideals, but they can also be partners if they seek common ground while reserving differences. The key is to remain committed to treating each other as equals and carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation. How major countries in the Asia-Pacific region get along with each other is critical for maintaining regional peace and development. Major countries should treat the strategic intentions of others in an objective and rational manner, reject the Cold War mentality, respect others' legitimate interests and concerns, strengthen positive interactions and respond to challenges with concerted efforts. Small and medium-sized countries need not and should not take sides among big countries. All countries should make joint efforts to pursue a new path of dialogue instead of confrontation and pursue partnerships rather than alliances, and build an Asia-Pacific partnership featuring mutual trust, inclusiveness and mutually beneficial cooperation. | | 第二，推进伙伴关系建设，筑牢亚太和平稳定的政治根基。亚太地区国家具有独特的多样性。志同道合是伙伴，求同存异同样可以成为伙伴，关键在于平等相待、合作共赢。亚太大国对维护地区和平与发展至关重要，应客观理性看待他方战略意图，抛弃冷战思维，相互尊重正当合理的利益关切，加强良性互动，合作应对地区挑战。中小国家没有必要也不应在大国之间选边站队。地区国家应共同努力，走“对话而不对抗，结伴而不结盟”的新路，共建互信、包容、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系。 |
| China calls for the building of a new model of international relations centered on mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to building partnerships in different forms with all countries and regional organizations. China has committed itself to working with the United States to build a new model of major-country relations featuring non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect, and mutually beneficial cooperation. China is committed to deepening its comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination with Russia and establishing a closer partnership with India. It is also pushing for the improvement of its relations with Japan. Chinese leaders have repeatedly elaborated on the concept of a community of shared future on many different occasions. China is working to construct a community of shared future for countries along the Lancang-Mekong River and between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as in Asia and the Asia-Pacific area as a whole. | | 中国提出构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，致力于同各国、各地区组织建立不同形式的伙伴关系。中国致力于与美国构建不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系，与俄罗斯不断深化全面战略协作伙伴关系，与印度积极构建更加紧密的发展伙伴关系，推动中日关系持续改善。中国领导人多次在不同场合阐述命运共同体理念，积极推动构建澜沧江－湄公河国家命运共同体和中国－东盟命运共同体，推动亚洲命运共同体和亚太命运共同体建设。 |
| Third, we should improve the existing regional multilateral mechanisms and strengthen the framework for supporting peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. All parties concerned should adhere to multilateralism, oppose unilateralism, further support the development of regional multilateral security mechanisms, push for close coordination between relevant mechanisms, and play a bigger role in enhancing mutual understanding and trust, and expanding exchanges and cooperation in the field of security dialogues. | | 第三，完善现有地区多边机制，巩固亚太和平稳定的框架支撑。地区国家应坚持多边主义，反对单边主义，继续支持地区多边安全机制发展，推动相关机制密切协调配合，为增进相互理解与互信、扩大安全对话交流与合作发挥更大作用。 |
| Committed to pushing forward the building of regional security mechanisms, China initiated with relevant countries the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Six-Party Talks, Xiangshan Forum, China-ASEAN Ministerial Dialogue on Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation, and Center for Comprehensive Law Enforcement and Security Cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Sub-Region. China has actively supported the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in its capacity and institution building, and participated in the ASEAN-led multilateral security dialogues and cooperation mechanisms. Within various regional mechanisms, China has made a large number of cooperation proposals in the field of non-traditional security, which have strongly promoted relevant exchanges and cooperation. China will shoulder greater responsibilities for regional and global security, and provide more public security services to the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large. | | 中国致力于推进地区安全机制建设，同有关国家共同发起成立上海合作组织和六方会谈，搭建香山论坛平台，建立中国－东盟执法安全合作部长级对话机制、筹建澜沧江－湄公河综合执法安全合作中心，积极支持亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议加强能力和机制建设，参与东盟主导的多边安全对话合作机制。中国在各个地区机制下提出一系列非传统安全领域合作倡议，有力推动了相关领域交流与合作。中国将承担更多国际地区安全责任，为亚太地区乃至世界提供更多公共安全产品。 |
| Fourth, we should promote the rule-setting and improve the institutional safeguards for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. To live together in peace, countries should follow the spirit of the rule of law, the international norms based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and the widely recognized rules of fairness and justice. International and regional rules should be discussed, formulated and observed by all countries concerned, rather than being dictated by any particular country. Rules of individual countries should not automatically become "international rules," still less should individual countries be allowed to violate the lawful rights and interests of others under the pretext of "rule of law." | | 第四，推动规则建设，完善亚太和平稳定的制度保障。国家之间和平相处需要秉持法治精神，遵守以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系准则，以普遍接受、公正合理的规则为保障。国际和地区规则应由各国共商共建共享，不能由哪一个国家说了算，不能把个别国家的规则当作“国际规则”，更不能允许个别国家打着所谓“法治”的幌子侵犯别国合法权益。 |
| China has firmly upheld and actively contributed to international law, and regional rules and norms. To practice the rule of law in international relations, China, together with India and Myanmar, initiated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1954. China has acceded to almost all inter-governmental international organizations and more than 400 international multilateral treaties so far. China is committed to upholding regional maritime security and order, and enhancing the building of institutions and rules. In 2014 China presided over the adoption of the updated Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea at the Western Pacific Naval Symposium held in China. China and ASEAN countries will continue to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and strive for the early conclusion of a Code of Conduct (COC) on the basis of consensus in the framework of the DOC. In addition, China has taken an active part in consultations on setting rules in new areas such as cyberspace and outer space, so as to contribute to the formulation of widely accepted fair and equitable international rules. | | 中国是国际法治和地区规则秩序的坚定维护者和积极建设者。为在国际关系中践行法治精神，中国同印度、缅甸于1954年共同倡导了和平共处五项原则。中国迄今已加入几乎所有政府间国际组织和400多项国际多边条约。中国致力于维护地区海上安全和秩序，加强机制规则建设。2014年中国推动在华举行的西太平洋海军论坛年会通过《海上意外相遇规则》。中国将与东盟国家继续全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》，争取在协商一致基础上早日达成“南海行为准则”。此外，中国还积极参与网络空间、外空等国际新疆域规则的协商，推动制定普遍接受、公正合理的国际规则。 |
| Fifth, we should intensify military exchanges and cooperation to offer more guarantees for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. China faces diverse and complex security threats and challenges, as well as the arduous task of safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity. Building strong national defence and armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and its security and development interests is a strategic task in China's modernization drive, and provides a strong guarantee for its peaceful development. China's armed forces provide security and strategic support for the country's development and also make positive contributions to the maintenance of world peace and regional stability. | | 第五，密切军事交流合作，增强亚太和平稳定的保障力量。中国面临多元复杂的安全威胁和挑战，维护国家统一和领土完整的任务艰巨繁重。建设与中国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，是中国现代化建设的战略任务，也是中国实现和平发展的坚强保障。中国武装力量为国家发展提供了安全保障和战略支撑，也为维护世界和平与地区稳定作出了积极贡献。 |
| China's armed forces have called for, facilitated, and participated in international security cooperation. China has followed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, conducted all-round military exchanges with other countries, and developed non-aligned and non-confrontational military cooperation not targetting any third party. It has worked to promote the establishment of just and effective collective security mechanisms and military confidence-building mechanisms. On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and mutually beneficial cooperation, China has increased interactions and cooperation with the armed forces of other countries, and intensified cooperation on confidence-building measures in border areas. China has promoted dialogue and cooperation on maritime security, participated in United Nations peacekeeping missions, international counter-terrorism cooperation, escort missions and disaster-relief operations, and conducted relevant joint exercises and training with other countries. | | 中国武装力量是国际安全合作的倡导者、推动者和参与者，坚持和平共处五项原则，全方位开展对外军事交往，发展不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的军事合作关系，推动建立公平有效的集体安全机制和军事互信机制。中国坚持在相互尊重、平等互利、合作共赢的基础上，深化同各国军队的交流与合作，加强边境地区信任措施合作，推进海上安全对话与合作，参加联合国维和行动、国际反恐合作、护航和救灾行动，举行中外联演联训。 |
| Sixth, we should properly resolve differences and disputes, and maintain a sound environment of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Most of the hotspot and sensitive issues in this region have been left over from history. To handle them, the countries in the region should follow the tradition of mutual respect, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and peaceful coexistence, and work to solve disputes properly and peacefully through direct negotiation and consultation. We should not allow old problems to hamper regional development and cooperation, and undermine mutual trust. For disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests, the sovereign states directly involved should respect historical facts and seek a peaceful solution through negotiation and consultation in accordance with the fundamental principles and legal procedures defined by universally recognized international law and modern maritime law, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Pending a satisfactory solution to disputes, the parties concerned should engage in dialogue to promote cooperation, manage each situation appropriately and prevent conflicts from escalating, so as to jointly safeguard peace and stability in the region. | | 第六，妥善处理分歧矛盾，维护亚太和平稳定的良好环境。亚太地区热点问题多为历史遗留。地区国家应秉持相互尊重、求同存异、和平共处的传统，通过直接谈判与协商妥善处理、和平解决争议问题，不能让老问题损害地区发展与合作，破坏国家间互信。对于领土和海洋权益争议，应在尊重历史事实的基础上，根据公认的国际法和现代海洋法，包括《联合国海洋法公约》所确定的基本原则和法律制度，通过直接相关的主权国家间的对话谈判寻求和平解决。在有关问题解决前，各方应开展对话，寻求合作，管控好局势，防止矛盾激化升级，共同维护地区和平与稳定。 |
| China is committed to upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea, and working for peaceful solutions to the disputes over territories and maritime rights and interests with the countries directly involved through friendly negotiation and consultation. This commitment remains unchanged. China has actively pushed for peaceful solutions to hotspot issues such as the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula and the Afghanistan issue, and played its due role as a responsible major country. | | 中国致力于维护南海和平稳定的基本方向不会改变，致力于同直接当事国通过友好协商谈判和平解决领土和海洋权益争议的政策主张也不会改变。中国积极推动朝核、阿富汗等地区热点问题和平解决，努力发挥负责任大国作用。 |
| II. China's Security Vision for the Asia-Pacific Region | | 二、中国的亚太安全理念 |
| Visions guide actions, and to solve new problems new visions are required. Old security concepts based on the Cold War mentality, zero-sum game, and stress on force are outdated given the dynamic development of regional integration. In the new circumstances, all countries should keep up with the times, strengthen solidarity and cooperation with openness and inclusiveness, make security vision innovations, work to improve regional security systems and explore a new path for Asian security. | | 理念是行动的先导，解决新问题需要新理念。面对蓬勃发展的区域一体化进程，冷战思维、零和博弈、武力至上的陈旧安全理念已不合时宜。新形势下，各国应与时俱进，以开放包容精神加强团结合作，创新安全理念，推动完善地区安全架构，为维护亚太安全探索出新路径。 |
| 1. Concept of Common, Comprehensive, Cooperative and Sustainable Security | | （一）共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观 |
| At the Fourth Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) held in May 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and a path of security featuring wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in the Asia-Pacific region. | | 中国国家主席习近平在2014年5月召开的亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议第四次峰会上表示，中国倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，努力走共建、共享、共赢的亚太安全之路。 |
| Common security means respecting and ensuring the security of each and every country involved. We cannot just have the security of one or some countries while leaving the rest insecure, still less should we seek "absolute security" of oneself at the expense of the security of others. We should respect and accommodate the legitimate security concerns of all parties. To beef up a military alliance targeted at a third party is not conducive to maintaining common security. | | 共同安全，就是要尊重和保障每一个国家安全，不能一部分国家安全而另一部分国家不安全，更不能牺牲别国安全谋求自身所谓绝对安全。要尊重并照顾各方合理安全关切。强化针对第三方的军事同盟不利于维护地区共同安全。 |
| Comprehensive security means upholding security in both traditional and non-traditional fields. We should take into full account the historical background and reality concerning regional security, adopt a multi-pronged and holistic approach, and enhance regional security governance in a coordinated way. While tackling the immediate security challenges facing the region, we should also make plans for addressing potential security threats. | | 综合安全，就是要统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全。通盘考虑地区安全问题的历史经纬和现实状况，多管齐下、综合施策，协调推进地区安全治理。既着力解决当前突出的安全问题，又统筹谋划应对各类潜在安全威胁。 |
| Cooperative security means promoting the security of both individual countries and the region as a whole through dialogue and cooperation. The countries involved should engage in sincere and in-depth dialogue and communication to increase strategic mutual trust, reduce mutual misgivings, seek common ground while resolving differences and live in harmony with one another. We should bear in mind the common challenges and actively foster the awareness of meeting security challenges through cooperation. And we should expand the scope of and explore new ways for cooperation, and promote peace and security through cooperation. | | 合作安全，就是要通过对话合作促进各国和本地区安全。通过坦诚深入的对话沟通，增进战略互信，减少相互猜疑，求同化异、和睦相处。着眼共同挑战，积极培育合作应对意识，不断扩大合作领域、创新合作方式，以合作谋和平、以合作促安全。 |
| Sustainable security means that the countries involved need to focus on both development and security to realize durable security. All the parties should focus on development, actively improve people's lives and narrow the wealth gap so as to cement the foundation of security. We should advance common development and regional integration, and push for sound interactions and the synchronized progress of regional economic and security cooperation in order to promote sustainable security through sustainable development. | | 可持续安全，就是要发展和安全并重以实现持久安全。各方应聚焦发展主题，积极改善民生，缩小贫富差距，不断夯实安全的根基。推动共同发展和区域一体化进程，推动区域经济合作和安全合作良性互动、齐头并进，以可持续发展促进可持续安全。 |
| This security concept is in tune with globalization and the historical trend of the times featuring peace, development, and mutually beneficial cooperation. Rooted in regional integration, it has gathered the wisdom and consensus of the countries in the region, reflects the urgent need of all parties to cope with security challenges through cooperation, and opened broad prospects for regional security cooperation. | | 这一安全观顺应全球化与和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流，扎根于地区经济一体化进程，汇聚了地区国家的智慧和共识，体现了各方合作应对安全挑战的迫切需求，为亚太安全合作开辟了新的广阔前景。 |
| 2. Improving the Regional Security Framework | | （二）完善地区安全架构 |
| The key to maintaining the long-term stability of the Asia-Pacific region is to build a security framework which is oriented to the future, accords with regional realities and meets all parties' needs. | | 维护亚太长治久安，关键在于构建面向未来、符合地区实际、满足各方需要的安全架构。 |
| First, the future regional security framework should be multi-layered, comprehensive and diversified. Countries in the Asia-Pacific region differ in their historical traditions, political systems, levels of development and security concerns. In this region there are ASEAN-led security cooperation mechanisms and platforms such as the SCO and CICA, as well as military alliances formed in history. Given such a diversity, a consistent security framework in this region is not foreseeable in the near future, and it will be normal to see multiple mechanisms advancing together in the evolution of a regional security framework. All the countries involved should play their respective roles in safeguarding regional peace and stability. China promotes the building of a security framework in the Asia-Pacific region, which does not mean starting all over again, but improving and upgrading the existing mechanisms. | | 第一，未来的地区安全架构应是多层次、复合型和多样化的。地区国家历史传统、政治体制、发展水平、安全关切各有不同。亚太地区既有东盟主导的多个安全合作机制和上海合作组织、亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议等平台，也有历史形成的军事同盟。这种多样性决定了区域内短期难以形成统一的安全框架，多种机制齐头并进将是地区安全架构演进过程中的“常态”。各国都应为维护地区和平稳定发挥作用。中国推动构建亚太安全架构，不是另起炉灶，不是推倒重来，而是对现有机制的完善和升级。 |
| Second, building the future security framework should be adopted as a common cause by all the countries in the region. As multi-polarity is becoming a global trend, regional security affairs should be decided by all the countries in the region through equal participation. The development of a regional security framework involves the common interests of all the countries in the region, and requires the active participation and contribution of all parties. The Asia-Pacific area is a region where major powers come into frequent contact and where their interests are concentrated. The major powers should jointly promote a regional security framework, so as to effectively deal with the increasingly complex security challenges in the region. Relevant bilateral military alliances should be made more transparent and avoid confrontation, so as to play a constructive role in the sphere of regional peace and stability. | | 第二，未来的地区安全架构建设应是地区国家的共同事业。多极化是全球大势所趋，地区安全事务应由地区国家平等参与、共同决定。地区安全架构建设事关地区国家的共同利益，需要各方积极参与，作出力所能及的贡献。亚太是大国利益集中、互动频繁的地区，大国应共同推动完善地区安全架构，更有效地应对日趋复杂的安全挑战。有关双边军事同盟应增加透明度，避免对抗性，为地区和平稳定发挥建设性作用。 |
| Third, the future regional security framework should be based on consensus. It will be a long and gradual process to put in place such a framework, which cannot be completed overnight. All parties should continue to strengthen dialogue and cooperation, and steadily advance the development of a regional security framework on the basis of building consensus. At the current stage, the parties should continue to focus on non-traditional security cooperation, and start from the easier tasks before moving on to more difficult ones, so as to build trust and lay a solid foundation for the framework. | | 第三，未来的地区安全架构应建立在共识基础之上。地区安全架构构建是长期渐进过程，不可能一蹴而就。各国应继续加强对话合作，在不断积累共识的基础上稳步推进地区安全架构建设。当前，应继续以非传统安全合作领域为重点，从易到难，由浅入深，积累互信，逐步为构建地区安全架构夯实基础。 |
| Fourth, the development of a regional security framework should be advanced in parallel with the development of a regional economic framework. Security and development are closely linked and mutually complementary. Equal consideration should be given to both a security framework and an economic framework - the main components of the entire regional structure - to ensure their parallel development. On the one hand, the improvement of the security framework will help ensure a peaceful and stable environment for economic development; on the other, faster regional economic integration will provide solid economic and social support for the development of the security framework. | | 第四，未来的地区安全架构应与地区经济架构建设协调推进。安全与发展联系紧密，相辅相成。安全架构和经济架构作为整个地区架构的主要组成部分，应统筹考虑，同步推进，相互促进。一方面，通过不断完善安全架构，确保经济发展所需要的和平稳定环境。另一方面，通过加快推进区域经济一体化，为安全架构建设提供稳固的经济社会支撑。 |
| III. China's Relations with Other Major Asia-Pacific Countries | | 三、中国与地区其他主要国家的关系 |
1. China-US Relations
Since 2015 the overall relationship between China and the United States has remained stable and even made new progress. The two countries have maintained close contacts at the leadership and other levels. President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to the US at the invitation of President Barack Obama in September 2015, and met him again during the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris in November of the same year. In late March 2016 the two presidents had a successful meeting during the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington. In September they met again during the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and committed themselves to building a new model of a major-country relationship. Premier Li Keqiang met President Obama when attending high-level meetings of the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly. In June the same year the Eighth Round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the Seventh China-US High-Level Consultation on People-to-People Exchanges, and the Second China-US High-Level Joint Dialogue on Cybercrime and Related Issues were held in Beijing, and achieved fruitful results. In addition, the two countries have made steady progress in practical cooperation in various fields, and maintained close communication and coordination on major regional and global issues like climate change, the Korean and Iranian nuclear issues, Syria, and Afghanistan. | | （一）中美关系。2015年以来，中美关系总体保持稳定并取得新的进展。两国高层和各级别交往密切。2015年9月，习近平主席应美国总统奥巴马邀请对美国进行国事访问，并于11月出席联合国气候变化巴黎大会期间会见奥巴马总统。2016年3月底，习近平主席与奥巴马总统在华盛顿核安全峰会期间成功举行会晤。9月，二十国集团领导人杭州峰会期间，中美元首再次举行会晤，决定继续共同致力于构建中美新型大国关系。李克强总理在纽约出席联大系列高级别会议期间会见美国总统奥巴马。2016年6月，第八轮中美战略与经济对话、第七轮中美人文交流高层磋商和第二轮中美打击网络犯罪及相关事项高级别会议在北京成功举行，取得丰硕成果。两国各领域务实合作稳步推进，就气候变化、朝核、伊朗核、叙利亚、阿富汗等重大国际地区和全球性问题保持密切沟通与协调。 |
| The two countries have maintained communication and coordination in the field of Asia-Pacific affairs through bilateral exchanges and relevant mechanisms at all levels, and agreed to build a bilateral relationship of positive interaction and inclusive cooperation in the region. The two countries have stayed in a state of communication and cooperation on regional and global affairs, including climate change, counter-terrorism, marine environmental protection, combating wild life smuggling, and disaster prevention and reduction within multilateral frameworks such as APEC, East Asia Summit (EAS), and ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). Moreover, the two sides have smoothly carried out trilateral personnel and agriculture training cooperation projects in Afghanistan and Timor-Leste. | | 两国继续通过各层级双边交往及相关机制就亚太地区事务保持沟通与协调，同意努力构建双方在亚太积极互动、包容合作的关系。双方在亚太经合组织、东亚峰会、东盟地区论坛等多边框架下，就应对气候变化、反恐、海洋环境保护、打击野生动植物走私、防灾减灾等地区及全球性事务保持沟通与合作。双方在阿富汗、东帝汶等国开展的人员、农业培训三方合作项目进展顺利。 |
| China-US military relations have generally maintained a momentum of steady progress. Since 2015 the two militaries have continued to improve their two mutual-confidence-building mechanisms: the Mutual Notification of Major Military Activities and the Rules of Behavior for the Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. In 2015 they held their Joint Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster-Relief Field Exercise and Disaster Management Exchanges in China and the US, respectively, and participated in Khaan Quest 2015 multinational peacekeeping military exercise and Exercise Kowari, a China-US-Australia trilateral military exercise. In January 2016 a working meeting of officials from the two ministries of defence was held in Beijing, and in May a video conference was held between the Chinese Chief of the Department of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Central Military Commission and the US Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. From late June to early August 2016, Chinese Navy Fleet 153 participated in RIMPAC 2016, a joint military exercise in Hawaii. In July and August the same year, the US Chief of Naval Operations and Chief of Staff of the Army each made a visit to China. | | 两军关系总体保持稳定发展势头。2015年以来，中美两军继续深化“重大军事行动相互通报机制”和“海空相遇安全行为准则”两大互信机制建设。2015年，两军分别在两国举行人道主义救灾联合研讨交流和实兵演练，并共同参加“可汗探索－2015”多国维和军演、“科瓦里－2015”中美澳陆军技能演练等多边演练。2016年1月，中美国防部工作会晤在北京举行。5月，中央军委联合参谋部参谋长同美军参联会主席举行视频通话。6月底至8月初，我海军153编队赴美夏威夷参加“环太平洋－2016”联合军演。7月和8月，美国海军作战部长和陆军参谋长分别访华。 |
| China is willing to promote the sustainable, sound and stable advance of bilateral relations, and work with the new US administration to follow the principles of no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and mutually beneficial cooperation, increase cooperation in bilateral, regional and global affairs, manage and control divergences in a constructive way, and further bilateral relations from a new starting point, so as to bring benefits to the two peoples and other peoples around the world. | | 中方愿继续推动中美关系持续健康稳定发展，并期待与美新一届政府共同努力，秉持不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的原则，拓展两国在双边、地区、全球层面各领域合作，以建设性方式管控分歧，推动中美关系在新的起点上取得更大进展，更好造福两国人民和各国人民。 |
2. China-Russia Relations
China and Russia are each other's biggest neighbor, and strategic partner of cooperation and priority in diplomacy. Over the years, China-Russia relations have gained healthy, stable and fast development, and made new achievements through joint efforts. In 2001 the two countries signed the Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, which established the idea of a lasting friendship in legal form. In 2011 the bilateral relationship was upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination based on equality, mutual trust, mutual support, common prosperity and lasting friendship. In 2014 the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination entered a new stage. | | （二）中俄关系。中国和俄罗斯互为最大邻国，互为战略协作伙伴和外交优先方向。多年来，在双方共同努力下，中俄关系健康稳定快速发展，不断取得新成果。两国2001年签署《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》，以法律的形式确立了世代友好的理念。2011年两国关系提升为平等信任、相互支持、共同繁荣、世代友好的全面战略协作伙伴关系，2014年中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系进入新阶段。 |
This partnership has presented a more positive momentum of development at a high level. President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin have met frequently. During the latter's visit to China in June 2016 the two sides signed three joint statements: the Joint Statement by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, Joint Statement by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Strengthening Global Strategic Stability, and Joint Statement by the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Information Cyberspace Development. In September that year the two heads of state met for the third time, during the G20 Hangzhou Summit, and agreed to increase their firm mutual support on issues concerning each other's core interests, energetically promote the idea of a lasting friendship established in the Good-Neighborly Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, actively promote their development strategies and their efforts to promote the Belt and Road Initiative and Eurasian Economic Union, hold a Year of Media Exchange, and maintain close coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs, so as to inject strong vigor into bilateral relations.
．．．．．． | | 当前，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系在高水平上呈现更加积极的发展势头。习近平主席同俄罗斯总统普京多次会晤。2016年6月普京总统访华期间，两国元首共同签署并发表《中华人民共和国和俄罗斯联邦联合声明》《关于加强全球战略稳定的联合声明》《关于协作推进信息网络空间发展的联合声明》。两国元首在9月二十国集团领导人杭州峰会期间举行年内第三次会晤，商定加大在涉及彼此核心利益的问题上的相互坚定支持，大力弘扬《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》确立的世代友好理念，积极开展发展战略对接和“一带一路”建设与欧亚经济联盟建设对接合作，办好中俄媒体交流年活动，密切在国际和地区事务中的协调配合，为两国关系发展注入新的强劲动力。中俄在亚太事务中保持着良好合作。双方不断加强在地区多边框架内的合作，坚定维护《联合国宪章》的宗旨、原则和公认的国际关系准则，维护二战胜利成果和国际公平正义，推动地区热点问题政治解决进程，为促进地区和平稳定和发展繁荣贡献了正能量。
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