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| Notice of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorates, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Justice on Issuing the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Sentence Cases and the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Exclusion of Illegal Evidence in Criminal Cases | | 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部、司法部印发《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》和《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》的通知 |
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（法发〔2010〕20号） |
The higher people's courts, the higher people's procuratorates, the public security departments (bureaus), the state security departments (bureaus) and the justice departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court and Military Procuratorates of the PLA, and the Security Section of the General Political Department of the PLA; the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the People's Procuratorate, the Public Security Bureau, the Judicial Bureau and Prison Administration Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: | |
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院、人民检察院、公安厅（局）、国家安全厅（局）、司法厅（局），解放军军事法院、军事检察院、总政治部保卫部，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院、新疆生产建设兵团人民检察院、公安局、司法局、监狱管理局： |
For the purpose of further improving the criminal litigation system, based on the overall plans made by the central authorities on deepening the reform of the judicial system and the work mechanism and after making intensive and in-depth surveys and research, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procurement, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly formulated the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Sentence Cases and the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Exclusion of Illegal Evidence in Criminal Cases (hereinafter referred to as the “Two Provisions”), which are hereby issued to you for your compliance and implementation. | |
为进一步完善我国刑事诉讼制度，根据中央关于深化司法体制和工作机制改革的总体部署，经过广泛深入调查研究，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、国家安全部和司法部近日联合制定了《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》和《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》（以下简称两个《规定》），现印发给你们，请遵照执行。 |
For the implementation of the Two Provisions in judicial practice, we hereby give the following advice: | |
为了在司法实践中严格贯彻执行两个《规定》，现提出以下意见： |
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| I. Fully Recognizing the Significance of the Making and Implementation of the “Two Provisions” | | 一、充分认识制定、执行两个《规定》的重要意义 |
The “Two Provisions” present higher standards and tougher requirements for the political-legal organs to handle criminal cases, particularly death sentence cases, and are of great significance to improving the criminal litigation system of China, bettering the ability to enforce laws and handle cases and enhance the socialist legal system building. The central authorities attach great importance to the “Two Provisions”. Zhou Yongkang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Commission of Politics and Law of the CPC Central Committee, held a Plenary Session of the Commission of Politics and Law of the CPC Central Committee & Symposium on the Reform of the Judicial System, seriously deliberated the “Two Provisions” and asked the people's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, national security organs and judicial administrative departments at all levels to perform duties by law, strictly observe the “Two Provisions”, and stress facts, evidence, laws and responsibility so as to guarantee the quality of the trial of cases, punish criminals, protect human rights, maintain justice and make sure that every criminal case, once being concluded, is able to withstand the test of laws and history. The competent departments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall proceed from the angle of correctly enforcing the state laws and implementing the criminal policies of the Party and the State, strengthen the publicity of the “Two Provisions” and fully recognize the significance of the promulgation of the “Two Provisions”. | |
两个《规定》对政法机关办理刑事案件特别是死刑案件提出了更高的标准、更严的要求，对于完善我国刑事诉讼制度，提高执法办案水平，推进社会主义法治建设，具有十分重要的意义。中央对两个《规定》高度重视，中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康同志主持召开中央政法委员会全体会议暨司法体制改革专题汇报会，认真讨论了两个《规定》，要求各级人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关和司法行政机关要依法履行职责，严格执行两个《规定》，讲事实、讲证据、讲法律、讲责任，确保办案质量，依法惩治犯罪、切实保障人权、维护司法公正，确保办理的每一起刑事案件都能经得起法律和历史的检验。各省、自治区、直辖市相关部门要从全面准确执行国家法律，贯彻党和国家刑事政策的高度，积极加强宣传工作，充分认识出台两个《规定》的重要意义。 |
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| II. Earnestly Organizing Trainings about the “Two Provisions” | | 二、认真组织开展对两个《规定》的培训 |
The people's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, national security organs, judicial administrative departments and other entities and departments at all levels shall earnestly and timely organize trainings and studies about the “Two Provisions” through different channels or in different ways in light of your actual situations, and arrange the relevant case-handling personnel to participate in the ad hoc training programs so as to make sure that all personnel handling criminal cases have good knowledge about the “Two Provisions”. | |
各级人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关、司法行政等单位和部门应当根据实际情况，通过不同途径，采取不同方式，认真、及时地开展对两个《规定》的培训和学习工作，要精心组织相关办案人员参加专项培训，确保使每一名刑事办案人员都能够全面掌握两个《规定》的具体内容。 |
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| III. Strictly Carrying out the “Two Provisions” | | 三、严格贯彻执行两个《规定》 |
The “Two Provisions” do not only comprehensively provide the basic principles for evidence in criminal actions and detail the proof standards but also further specify the collection, fixation, examination, judgment and application of various types of evidence; and do not only define the connotation and denotation of illegal evidence but also set down detailed provisions for the examination and exclusion of illegal evidence and the burden of proof, etc. Doing a good job in the implementation of the “Two Provisions” will certainly play an important role in further improving the ability to enforce laws and handle cases and the quality of law enforcement personnel. The relevant departments shall strict carry out the “Two Provisions” in their judicial practice, erect the awareness of attaching equal importance to combating crimes and protecting human rights as well as to substantive laws and procedural laws, comprehensively and objectively collect, examine and judge evidence, strictly control the threshold for the verification of facts and evidence, improve the quality of the trial of criminal cases, make sure that the “Two Provisions” produce real effects and each case is handled on the basis of irrefutable evidence. If you encounter any new circumstances or problems or have any new experiences or practice, please earnestly sum them up and timely report to the central authorities. | |
两个《规定》不仅全面规定了刑事诉讼证据的基本原则，细化了证明标准，还进一步具体规定了对各类证据的收集、固定、审查、判断和运用；不仅规定了非法证据的内涵和外延，还对审查和排除非法证据的程序、证明责任等问题进行了具体的规范。切实把两个《规定》贯彻好、执行好，对于进一步提高执法办案水平，进一步强化执法人员素质，必将发挥重要作用。各相关部门在司法实践中要严格贯彻落实两个《规定》，牢固树立惩罚犯罪与保障人权并重的观念、实体法与程序法并重的观念，依法、全面、客观地收集、审查、判断证据，严把事实关、证据关，切实提高刑事案件审判质量，确保将两个《规定》落到实处，把每一起刑事案件都办成铁案。在贯彻执行中遇到的新情况、新问题和探索出的新经验、新做法，要认真总结，并及时报告中央主管部门。 |
Other criminal cases shall be analogically governed by the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Sentence Cases. | |
另，办理其他刑事案件，参照《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》执行。 |
Supreme People's Court | |
最高人民法院 |
Supreme People's Procurement | |
最高人民检察院 |
Ministry of Public Security | |
公安部 |
Ministry of State Security | |
国家安全部 |
Ministry of Justice | |
司法部 |
June 13, 2010 | |
二O一O年六月十三日 |
Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Examination and Judgment of Evidence in Death Sentence Cases | |
关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定 |
To lawfully, impartially, accurately and cautiously handle death sentence cases, punish criminals and protect human rights, these Provisions are formulated pursuant to the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and in light of the judicial practice. | |
为依法、公正、准确、慎重地办理死刑案件，惩罚犯罪，保障人权，根据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》等有关法律规定，结合司法实际，制定本规定。 |
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| I. General Provisions | | 一、一般规定 |
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| Article 1 Death sentence cases must be handled in strict accordance with the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law based on clear facts, conclusive and sufficient evidence, legal procedure and correct application of law so as to guarantee the handling quality of such cases. | | 第一条 办理死刑案件，必须严格执行刑法和刑事诉讼法，切实做到事实清楚，证据确实、充分，程序合法，适用法律正确，确保案件质量。 |
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| Article 2 Case facts must be verified based on evidence. | | 第二条 认定案件事实，必须以证据为根据。 |
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| Article 3 Investigation personnel, prosecutorial personnel and justice personnel shall comprehensively and objectively collect, examine, verify and recognize evidence in strict accordance with the statutory procedures. | | 第三条 侦查人员、检察人员、审判人员应当严格遵守法定程序，全面、客观地收集、审查、核实和认定证据。 |
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| Article 4 Only evidence that has been presented, identified and cross-examined in court or has gone through other court inquiry procedures and has been verified can be used as a basis for conviction and sentencing. | | 第四条 经过当庭出示、辨认、质证等法庭调查程序查证属实的证据，才能作为定罪量刑的根据。 |
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| Article 5 In the trial of a death sentence case, the defendant's criminal facts must be ascertained based on conclusive and sufficient evidence. | | 第五条 办理死刑案件，对被告人犯罪事实的认定，必须达到证据确实、充分。 |
Conclusive and sufficient evidence means that: | |
证据确实、充分是指： |
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| 1. All facts for conviction and sentencing are backed by evidence; | | （一）定罪量刑的事实都有证据证明； |
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| 2. All evidence used to determine the case has been verified through legal procedures; | | （二）每一个定案的证据均已经法定程序查证属实； |
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| 3. There is no contradiction between difference pieces of evidence or between evidence and case facts, or the contradiction, if any, has been reasonably ruled out; | | （三）证据与证据之间、证据与案件事实之间不存在矛盾或者矛盾得以合理排除； |
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| 4. In a joint offense, the defendant's role has been ascertained; and | | （四）共同犯罪案件中，被告人的地位、作用均已查清； |
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| 5. The process of using evidence to verify case facts conforms to the logic and experiential rules, and the conclusion reached from evidence is exclusive. | | （五）根据证据认定案件事实的过程符合逻辑和经验规则，由证据得出的结论为唯一结论。 |
In a death sentence case, the evidence used to prove the following facts must be conclusive and sufficient: | |
办理死刑案件，对于以下事实的证明必须达到证据确实、充分： |
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| 1. The occurrence of the accused criminal facts; | | （一）被指控的犯罪事实的发生； |
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| 2. The fact that the defendant has committed the criminal act, and the time, location, means, consequences and other circumstances of the criminal act; | | （二）被告人实施了犯罪行为与被告人实施犯罪行为的时间、地点、手段、后果以及其他情节； |
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| 3. The identity information that affects the conviction of the defendant; | | （三）影响被告人定罪的身份情况； |
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| 4. The fact that the defendant has the criminal capacity; | | （四）被告人有刑事责任能力； |
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| 5. The fault of the defendant; | | （五）被告人的罪过； |
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| 6. Whether it is a joint offense and, if it is, the defendant's role in the joint offense; and | | （六）是否共同犯罪及被告人在共同犯罪中的地位、作用； |
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| 7. The facts for which the defendant deserves a heavier punishment. | | （七）对被告人从重处罚的事实。 |
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| II. Classified Examination and Verification of Evidence | | 二、证据的分类审查与认定 |
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| A. Physical or documentary evidence | | 1、物证、书证 |
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| Article 6 The examination of physical or documentary evidence shall focus on: | | 第六条 对物证、书证应当着重审查以下内容： |
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| 1. Whether the physical or documentary evidence is the original object or document, and whether the photos, visual recordings or the reproductions of the physical evidence or the duplicates or photocopies of the documentary evidence are identical with the originals; whether the physical or documentary evidence has been identified or authenticated; whether the photos, visual recordings or the reproductions of the physical evidence or the duplicates or photocopies of the documentary evidence are made by two persons or more, and whether there is any written explanation and signature of the makers regarding the process of making reproductions and the place where the original object or document is put. | | （一）物证、书证是否为原物、原件，物证的照片、录像或者复制品及书证的副本、复制件与原物、原件是否相符；物证、书证是否经过辨认、鉴定；物证的照片、录像或者复制品和书证的副本、复制件是否由二人以上制作，有无制作人关于制作过程及原件、原物存放于何处的文字说明及签名。 |
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| 2. Whether the collection process or method of the physical or documentary evidence conforms to laws and other relevant provisions; whether the physical or documentary evidence collected or seized from on-site investigation, examination or search is attached with a corresponding transcript or detailed list; whether the transcript or detailed list bears the signature of investigators, holders of the articles and witnesses and, if not, whether the reasons have been stated; whether the features, quantity, quality and name of the articles have been clearly specified. | | （二）物证、书证的收集程序、方式是否符合法律及有关规定；经勘验、检查、搜查提取、扣押的物证、书证，是否附有相关笔录或者清单；笔录或者清单是否有侦查人员、物品持有人、见证人签名，没有物品持有人签名的，是否注明原因；对物品的特征、数量、质量、名称等注明是否清楚。 |
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| 3. Whether the physical or documentary evidence has been contaminated or tampered in the process of collection, safekeeping or authentication. | | （三）物证、书证在收集、保管及鉴定过程中是否受到破坏或者改变。 |
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| 4. Whether the physical or documentary evidence is relevant to the case facts. Whether the bloodstains, prints, hairs, body fluids or any other identifiable biological physical evidence, marks or objects left on the crime scene and related to the crime have been confirmed as identical with the biological sample, biological features or articles of the defendant or victim through DNA tests, fingerprint tests or any other tests. | | （四）物证、书证与案件事实有无关联。对现场遗留与犯罪有关的具备检验鉴定条件的血迹、指纹、毛发、体液等生物物证、痕迹、物品，是否通过DNA鉴定、指纹鉴定等鉴定方式与被告人或者被害人的相应生物检材、生物特征、物品等作同一认定。 |
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| 5. Whether the physical or documentary evidence relevant to the case facts has been collected in integrity. | | （五）与案件事实有关联的物证、书证是否全面收集。 |
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| Article 7 If there is any failure to take and examine any mark or object that should have been found in on-site investigation, examination or search and may be related to the case facts, such as bloodstains, fingerprints, footprints, handwritings, hairs, body fluids and human tissues, and the failure may lead to any doubt about the case facts, the people's court shall notify the people's procuratorate of the situation. The people's procuratorate may make a further collection of evidence, make a justification or remand the case to the investigative organ for further investigation and collection of evidence. | | 第七条 对在勘验、检查、搜查中发现与案件事实可能有关联的血迹、指纹、足迹、字迹、毛发、体液、人体组织等痕迹和物品应当提取而没有提取，应当检验而没有检验，导致案件事实存疑的，人民法院应当向人民检察院说明情况，人民检察院依法可以补充收集、调取证据，作出合理的说明或者退回侦查机关补充侦查，调取有关证据。 |
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| Article 8 The physical evidence used to determine a case shall be the original object. Only when it is hard to move or keep the original object or it is required by law that the object be kept and handled by the competent department only or that it be returned may photos, visual recordings or reproductions that can fairly reflect the shape or content of the original object be shot or made. Photos, visual recordings or reproductions of physical evidence can be used to determine a case as long as they have been verified as genuine by checking with the originals, by expert authentication or by any other way. Photos, visual recordings or reproductions of the original object can not be used as a basis for determining a case if they cannot reflect the shape and features of the original object. | | 第八条 据以定案的物证应当是原物。只有在原物不便搬运、不易保存或者依法应当由有关部门保管、处理或者依法应当返还时，才可以拍摄或者制作足以反映原物外形或者内容的照片、录像或者复制品。物证的照片、录像或者复制品，经与原物核实无误或者经鉴定证明为真实的，或者以其他方式确能证明其真实的，可以作为定案的根据。原物的照片、录像或者复制品，不能反映原物的外形和特征的，不能作为定案的根据。 |
The documentary evidence used to determine a case shall be the originals. Duplicates or photocopies may be used only when it is really difficult to acquire the originals. Duplicates or photocopies of documentary evidence can be used to determine a case as long as they are verified as genuine by checking with the originals, by expert authentication or by any other way. Where any documentary evidence is modified or shows a sign of modification which cannot be justified, or where a duplicate or photocopy thereof cannot reflect the external form or content of the original, such material cannot be used as a basis for determining a case. | |
据以定案的书证应当是原件。只有在取得原件确有困难时，才可以使用副本或者复制件。书证的副本、复制件，经与原件核实无误或者经鉴定证明为真实的，或者以其他方式确能证明其真实的，可以作为定案的根据。书证有更改或者更改迹象不能作出合理解释的，书证的副本、复制件不能反映书证原件及其内容的，不能作为定案的根据。 |
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| Article 9 The physical or documentary evidence collected or seized from on-site investigation, examination or search cannot be used as a basis for determining a case if there is no investigation, examination or search transcripts, evidence-taking transcripts or the checklist of seized objects or if it cannot prove the source of the evidence. | | 第九条 经勘验、检查、搜查提取、扣押的物证、书证，未附有勘验、检查笔录，搜查笔录，提取笔录，扣押清单，不能证明物证、书证来源的，不能作为定案的根据。 |
If the collection procedure or method of physical or documentary evidence has any of the following flaws, the evidence cannot be adopted unless the case-handling personnel make a correction or make a justification: | |
物证、书证的收集程序、方式存在下列瑕疵，通过有关办案人员的补正或者作出合理解释的，可以采用： |
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| 1. The investigation, examination or search transcripts, evidence-taking transcripts or list of seized objects attached to the physical or documentary evidence does not bear the signature of the investigators, the holder of articles or the witness, or the features, quantity, quality, name or any other information of the evidence has not been clearly stated; | | （一）收集调取的物证、书证，在勘验、检查笔录，搜查笔录，提取笔录，扣押清单上没有侦查人员、物品持有人、见证人签名或者物品特征、数量、质量、名称等注明不详的； |
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| 2. It has not been stated whether the photo, visual recording or reproduction of the physical evidence or the duplicate or photocopy of the documentary evidence has been verified as identical with the original, or there is no time of reproduction or the signature (seal) of the person (entity) from whom the evidence is taken; | | （二）收集调取物证照片、录像或者复制品，书证的副本、复制件未注明与原件核对无异，无复制时间、无被收集、调取人（单位）签名（盖章）的； |
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| 3. For the photo, visual recording or reproduction of the physical evidence or the duplicate or photocopy of the documentary evidence, there is no explanation from the maker on the place where the original evidence is put, or there is an explanation but it does not bear the maker's signature; or | | （三）物证照片、录像或者复制品，书证的副本、复制件没有制作人关于制作过程及原物、原件存放于何处的说明或者说明中无签名的； |
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| 4. The collection procedure or method of the physical or documentary evidence is otherwise flawed. | | （四）物证、书证的收集程序、方式存在其他瑕疵的。 |
When there is any doubt about the source or process of collecting physical or documentary evidence, the evidence cannot be used as a basis for determining a case if the doubt cannot be reasonably cleared. | |
对物证、书证的来源及收集过程有疑问，不能作出合理解释的，该物证、书证不能作为定案的根据。 |
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| Article 10 Identifiable physical or documentary evidence shall be handed over to the party concerned or witness for recognition, and shall be submitted for authentication when necessary. | | 第十条 具备辨认条件的物证、书证应当交由当事人或者证人进行辨认，必要时应当进行鉴定。 |
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| B. Witness' testimony | | 2、证人证言 |
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| Article 11 The examination of a witness' testimony shall focus on: | | 第十一条 对证人证言应当着重审查以下内容： |
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| 1. Whether the testimony originates from the direct perception of the witness; | | （一）证言的内容是否为证人直接感知。 |
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| 2. Whether the witness' age, cognitive level, memory, expression, physical state and mental state would affect his capacity as a witness; | | （二）证人作证时的年龄、认知水平、记忆能力和表达能力，生理上和精神上的状态是否影响作证。 |
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| 3. Whether the witness has any interest with any party concerned to the case or in the handling result of the case; | | （三）证人与案件当事人、案件处理结果有无利害关系。 |
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| 4. Whether the procedure or method for obtaining the testimony conforms to the laws and other relevant provisions; whether violence, threat, inducement, deception or any other illegal means has been adopted in the collection of evidence; whether it conforms to the provision that witnesses shall be inquired individually; whether the transcript has been verified and signed (stamped) or fingerprinted by the witness; in case the witness is a minor, whether his legal representative has been notified to appear on the scene and whether he has appeared; etc.; and | | （四）证言的取得程序、方式是否符合法律及有关规定：有无使用暴力、威胁、引诱、欺骗以及其他非法手段取证的情形；有无违反询问证人应当个别进行的规定；笔录是否经证人核对确认并签名（盖章）、捺指印；询问未成年证人，是否通知了其法定代理人到场，其法定代理人是否在场等。 |
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| 5. Whether the witness' testimony and other witness' testimony or other evidence corroborate each other, and whether there is any conflict between them. | | （五）证人证言之间以及与其他证据之间能否相互印证，有无矛盾。 |
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| Article 12 No testimony of a witness obtained by violence, threat or any other illegal means can be used as a basis for determining a case. | | 第十二条 以暴力、威胁等非法手段取得的证人证言，不能作为定案的根据。 |
No testimony of a witness who is obviously drunk, poisoned from narcotic drugs or narcotic from psychotropic drugs and is unable to correctly express himself can be used as a basis for determining a case. | |
处于明显醉酒、麻醉品中毒或者精神药物麻醉状态，以致不能正确表达的证人所提供的证言，不能作为定案的根据。 |
No hypothetical, commentary or deductive testimony of witnesses can be used as evidence, unless it is consistent with the facts as judged on the basis of ordinary life experiences. | |
证人的猜测性、评论性、推断性的证言，不能作为证据使用，但根据一般生活经验判断符合事实的除外。 |
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| Article 13 No testimony obtained under any of the following circumstances may be used as a basis for determining a case: | | 第十三条 具有下列情形之一的证人证言，不能作为定案的根据： |
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| 1. A testimony obtained by inquiring the witness not on an individual basis; | | （一）询问证人没有个别进行而取得的证言； |
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| 2. A written testimony not verified and singed (stamped) or fingerprinted by the witness; or | | （二）没有经证人核对确认并签名（盖章）、捺指印的书面证言； |
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| 3. A testimony of a deaf-mute person, a person a minority ethnic group or a foreigner who is not good at the prevailing local verbal or written language for which translation service should have been provided but not provided. | | （三）询问聋哑人或者不通晓当地通用语言、文字的少数民族人员、外国人，应当提供翻译而未提供的。 |
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| Article 14 If the procedure or method of collecting a witness' testimony has any of the following flaws, the testimony cannot be adopted unless the case-handling personnel make a correction or justify it: | | 第十四条 证人证言的收集程序和方式有下列瑕疵，通过有关办案人员的补正或者作出合理解释的，可以采用： |
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1. The name of the inquirer, recorder or legal representative or the starting time, ending time and location of the inquiry is not specified;
．．．．．． | | （一）没有填写询问人、记录人、法定代理人姓名或者询问的起止时间、地点的；
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