Announcement of the Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院公告 |
The Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Cases on Compensation for Damage in Road Traffic Accidents, as adopted at the 1556th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on September 17, 2012, are hereby issued and shall come into force on December 21, 2012. | |
《最高人民法院关于审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》已于2012年9月17日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1556次会议通过，现予公布，自2012年12月21日起施行。 |
Supreme People's Court | |
最高人民法院 |
November 27, 2012 | |
2012年11月27日 |
Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Cases on Compensation for Damage in Road Traffic Accidents | |
最高人民法院关于审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释 |
(Interpretation No. 19 [2012] of the Supreme People's Court, adopted at the 1556th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on September 17, 2012) | |
（法释〔2012〕19号 2012年9月17日最高人民法院审判委员会第1556次会议通过） |
For the purpose of correctly trying the cases on compensation for damage in road traffic accidents, this Interpretation is hereby formulated in accordance with the Tort Law of the People's Republic of China, the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws, and taking the judicial practice into consideration. | |
为正确审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件，根据《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》《中华人民共和国保险法》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等法律的规定，结合审判实践，制定本解释。 |
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| I. Determination of the Subject's Liability | | 一、关于主体责任的认定 |
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| Article 1 Where a motor vehicle causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the owner or manager of the motor vehicle is subject to any of the following circumstances, a people's court shall determine that he is at fault as to the occurrence of the damage, and determine his corresponding liability for compensation according to the provisions of Article 49 of the Tort Law: | | 第一条 机动车发生交通事故造成损害，机动车所有人或者管理人有下列情形之一，人民法院应当认定其对损害的发生有过错，并适用侵权责任法第四十九条的规定确定其相应的赔偿责任： |
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| (1) he knows or should have known that the motor vehicle has any defect, and the defect is one of the causes for the occurrence of the traffic accident; | | （一）知道或者应当知道机动车存在缺陷，且该缺陷是交通事故发生原因之一的； |
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| (2) he knows or should have known that the driver is not qualified for driving a motor vehicle, or fails to obtain the corresponding qualification for driving a motor vehicle; | | （二）知道或者应当知道驾驶人无驾驶资格或者未取得相应驾驶资格的； |
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| (3) he knows or should have known that the driver is not allowed to drive a motor vehicle according to law as he has drunk alcohol or taken psychotropic drugs or narcotics controlled by the State, or is suffering from a disease which impedes him from driving a motor vehicle safely; or | | （三）知道或者应当知道驾驶人因饮酒、服用国家管制的精神药品或者麻醉药品，或者患有妨碍安全驾驶机动车的疾病等依法不能驾驶机动车的； |
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| (4) any other circumstance where the owner or manager of the motor vehicle shall be determined at fault. | | （四）其它应当认定机动车所有人或者管理人有过错的。 |
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| Article 2 Where a driver drives another person's motor vehicle without permission, and causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the party concerned requests the driver of the motor vehicle to be held liable for making compensation according to the provisions of Article 49 of the Tort Law, a people's court shall uphold such a request. If the owner or manager of the motor vehicle is at fault, he shall assume corresponding liability for compensation, except under the circumstances as provided in Article 52 of the Tort Law. | | 第二条 未经允许驾驶他人机动车发生交通事故造成损害，当事人依照侵权责任法第四十九条的规定请求由机动车驾驶人承担赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。机动车所有人或者管理人有过错的，承担相应的赔偿责任，但具有侵权责任法第五十二条规定情形的除外。 |
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| Article 3 Where a motor vehicle which engages in any road transport operation activity in the form of affiliation causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the liability of the traffic accident is attributed to the side of the motor vehicle, and the party concerned requests the affiliating party and the affiliated party to assume joint and several liabilities, a people's court shall uphold such a request. | | 第三条 以挂靠形式从事道路运输经营活动的机动车发生交通事故造成损害，属于该机动车一方责任，当事人请求由挂靠人和被挂靠人承担连带责任的，人民法院应予支持。 |
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| Article 4 Where a motor vehicle which has been transferred multiple times but fails to undergo transfer registration formalities causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the liability of the traffic accident is attributed to the side of the motor vehicle, and the party concerned requests the transferee of the last transfer and delivery to assume the liability for compensation, a people's court shall uphold such a request. | | 第四条 被多次转让但未办理转移登记的机动车发生交通事故造成损害，属于该机动车一方责任，当事人请求由最后一次转让并交付的受让人承担赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。 |
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| Article 5 Where a motor with fake plate vehicle causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the liability of the traffic accident is attributed to the side of the motor vehicle, and the party concerned requests the owner or manager of the motor vehicle with fake plate to be held liable for making compensation, a people's court shall uphold such a request. If the owner or manager of the motor vehicle affixed with a fake license plate agrees with the fake-licensing, he shall assume the joint and several liabilities together with the owner or manager of the motor vehicle with fake plate. | | 第五条 套牌机动车发生交通事故造成损害，属于该机动车一方责任，当事人请求由套牌机动车的所有人或者管理人承担赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持；被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人同意套牌的，应当与套牌机动车的所有人或者管理人承担连带责任。 |
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| Article 6 Where a reassembled vehicle, a motor vehicle reaching the standard for being discarded or any other vehicle forbidden to be driven according to law is transferred multiple times, and causes any damage in a traffic accident, if the party concerned requests all the transferors and transferees to undertake joint and several liabilities, a people's court shall uphold such a request. | | 第六条 拼装车、已达到报废标准的机动车或者依法禁止行驶的其他机动车被多次转让，并发生交通事故造成损害，当事人请求由所有的转让人和受让人承担连带责任的，人民法院应予支持。 |
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| Article 7 Where a personnel accepting trainings on motor vehicle driving causes any damage in a traffic accident when he drives a motor vehicle during a training activity, if the liability of the traffic accident is attributed to the side of the motor vehicle, and the party concerned requests the driving training entity to be held liable for making compensation, a people's court shall uphold such a request. | | 第七条 接受机动车驾驶培训的人员，在培训活动中驾驶机动车发生交通事故造成损害，属于该机动车一方责任，当事人请求驾驶培训单位承担赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。 |
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| Article 8 Where a motor vehicle comes across a traffic accident during a test riding and causes any harm to the test rider, if the party concerned requests the test riding service provider to be held liable for making compensation, a people's court shall uphold such a request. If the test rider is at fault, the test riding service provider's liability for compensation shall be alleviated. | | 第八条 机动车试乘过程中发生交通事故造成试乘人损害，当事人请求提供试乘服务者承担赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。试乘人有过错的，应当减轻提供试乘服务者的赔偿责任。 |
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Article 9 Where a motor vehicle has a traffic accident as a result of any defect in road management and maintenance and causes any damage, if the party concerned requests the road manager to be held liable for making compensation, a people's court shall uphold such a request, unless the road manager is able to prove that security protection, warning and other management and maintenance obligations have been performed in accordance with laws, rules, regulations, national standards, industry standards or local standards.
．．．．．． | | 第九条 因道路管理维护缺陷导致机动车发生交通事故造成损害，当事人请求道路管理者承担相应赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持，但道路管理者能够证明已按照法律、法规、规章、国家标准、行业标准或者地方标准尽到安全防护、警示等管理维护义务的除外。
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