| Notice by the Supreme People's Court of Issuing the Guiding Opinions (Part I) on Several Issues of Properly Hearing Civil Cases concerning the COVID-19 Pandemic | | 最高人民法院印发《关于依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件若干问题的指导意见（一）》的通知 |
| (No. 12 [2020] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法发〔2020〕12号） |
| The higher people's courts of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army; and the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院： |
| The Guiding Opinions (Part I) of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues of Properly Hearing Civil Cases concerning the COVID-19 Pandemic is hereby issued to you for your earnest implementation. | | 现将《最高人民法院关于依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件若干问题的指导意见（一）》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。 |
| Supreme People's Court | | 最高人民法院 |
| April 16, 2020 | | 2020年4月16日 |
| Guiding Opinions (Part I) of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues of Properly Hearing Civil Cases concerning the COVID-19 Pandemic | | 最高人民法院关于依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件若干问题的指导意见（一） |
| For the purposes of implementing the guiding principle as proclaimed by the CPC Central Committee in the meeting to advance the work on coordinating the prevention and control of the COVID-19 and economic and social development, properly hearing civil cases concerning the coronavirus, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the people, maintaining social and economic order, and safeguarding social fairness and justice, in accordance with the provisions of laws and judicial interpretations and in light of experiences in judicial practices, the guiding opinions are hereby offered as follows. | | 为贯彻落实党中央关于统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议精神，依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件，维护人民群众合法权益，维护社会和经济秩序，维护社会公平正义，依照法律、司法解释相关规定，结合审判实践经验，提出如下指导意见。 |
| I. Maximizing the role of judicial services in protecting rights and interests: The people's courts at all levels shall fully recognize the impact of the pandemic on economy and society, focus on the general plan of coordinating the prevention and control of the COVID-19 and economic and social development, leverage the role of judiciary in adjusting social relations, and actively participate in resolving disputes at the sources. The people's courts shall continue to put the non-litigation dispute resolution mechanism in the first place, give priority to mediation in resolving disputes, encourage the parties in dispute to resort to conciliation under negotiation, share risks, and work together to get through the challenging time, and take solid measures to settle disputes in the early stages and at the primary level. When hearing civil cases concerning the pandemic, the people's courts shall, based on the actual case information, accurately apply laws, balance the interests of the parties concerned, protect their lawful rights and interests, serve the economic and social development, and achieve the harmonization of legal effect and social effect. | | 一、充分发挥司法服务保障作用。各级人民法院要充分认识此次疫情对经济社会产生的重大影响，立足统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作大局，充分发挥司法调节社会关系的作用，积极参与诉源治理，坚持把非诉讼纠纷解决机制挺在前面，坚持调解优先，积极引导当事人协商和解、共担风险、共渡难关，切实把矛盾解决在萌芽状态、化解在基层。在涉疫情民事案件审理过程中，根据案件实际情况，准确适用法律，平衡各方利益，保护当事人合法权益，服务经济社会发展，实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。 |
| II. Accurately applying the rule of force majeure: In hearing civil cases concerning the pandemic, the people's courts shall correctly apply the specific provisions on force majeure, and strictly control the application conditions. Civil disputes directly caused by the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures, which meet the statutory requirements for force majeure, shall be properly handled in accordance with the provisions set forth in Article 180 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and Articles 117 and 118 of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided for in other laws and administrative regulations. A party claiming the application of partial or whole liability exemption in case of force majeure shall bear the burden of proving the facts of failure to perform part or all of civil obligations directly caused by force majeure. | | 二、依法准确适用不可抗力规则。人民法院审理涉疫情民事案件，要准确适用不可抗力的具体规定，严格把握适用条件。对于受疫情或者疫情防控措施直接影响而产生的民事纠纷，符合不可抗力法定要件的，适用《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百八十条、《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百一十七条和第一百一十八条等规定妥善处理；其他法律、行政法规另有规定的，依照其规定。当事人主张适用不可抗力部分或者全部免责的，应当就不可抗力直接导致民事义务部分或者全部不能履行的事实承担举证责任。 |
| III. Properly hearing contractual disputes according to the law: When applying laws for contractual disputes directly caused by the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures, the people's courts shall, unless it is otherwise agreed upon by the parties concerned, handle the disputes according to the following rules by taking into full consideration of the impact of the pandemic on different regions, industries and cases, and precisely grasp the causal relationship between the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures and failure to perform contracts as well as the causative potency: | | 三、依法妥善审理合同纠纷案件。受疫情或者疫情防控措施直接影响而产生的合同纠纷案件，除当事人另有约定外，在适用法律时，应当综合考量疫情对不同地区、不同行业、不同案件的影响，准确把握疫情或者疫情防控措施与合同不能履行之间的因果关系和原因力大小，按照以下规则处理： |
1. A party that fails to perform a contract due to the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures shall, subject to the provisions on force majeure, be partially or wholly exempted from liability according to the degree of impact of the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures. A party to whom failure to perform a contract or additional losses may be attributable shall bear corresponding liabilities according to the law. A party that fails to perform a contract due to the pandemic or pandemic prevention and control measures but claims to have provided timely notification shall bear the corresponding burden of proof.
．．．．．． | | （一）疫情或者疫情防控措施直接导致合同不能履行的，依法适用不可抗力的规定，根据疫情或者疫情防控措施的影响程度部分或者全部免除责任。当事人对于合同不能履行或者损失扩大有可归责事由的，应当依法承担相应责任。因疫情或者疫情防控措施不能履行合同义务，当事人主张其尽到及时通知义务的，应当承担相应举证责任。
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